Theory & Exercise PDF

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
THEORY AND EXERCISE BOOKLET
CONTENTS
S. N O. TOPIC PAGE NO.
♦ THEORY WITH SOLVED EXAMPLES .............................................................. 3 – 20
♦ EXERCISE - I .................................................................................................. 21 – 28
♦ EXERCISE - II .................................................................................................. 29 – 31
♦ EXERCISE - III ................................................................................................. 32 – 46
♦ EXERCISE - IV ................................................................................................ 47 – 55
♦ EXERCISE - V ................................................................................................. 56 – 58
♦ ANSWER KEY ................................................................................................ 59 – 60
394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053 www.motioniitjee.com, email-hr.motioniitjee@gmail.com
Page # 2 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
JEE Syllabus :
Inverse trigonometric functions (principal value only)
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, www.motioniitjee.com,
0744-2439052, email-hr.motioniitjee@gmail.com
0744-2439053 www.motioniitjee.com, email-hr.motioniitjee@gmail.com
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS Page # 3
A. INTRODUCTION
–1 –1 –1
sin x, cos x, tan x etc. represents angles or numbers whose values of sine, cosine and tangent
is ‘x’, provided that the value in numerical form is smallest. These can be written as arc sin x, arc cos
x etc. If two angles whose modulus is equal, in which one is positive and other is negative then we
take positive sign.
B. DOMAIN & PRINCIPLE VALUE RANGE OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
S.No. Function Domain Pr inciple value range (PVR )
 π π
1. y = sin −1 x x ∈ [−1, 1] y ∈ − , 
 2 2
2. y = cos −1 x x ∈ [−1, 1] y ∈ [0, π]
−1  π π
3. y = tan x x ∈R y ∈ − , 
 2 2
4. y = cot −1 x x ∈R y ∈ (0, π)
−1 π 
5. y = sec x x ∈ (– ∞, − 1] ∪ [1, ∞ ) y ∈ [0, π] −  
2
 π π
6. y = cosec −1x x ∈ (– ∞, − 1] ∪ [1, ∞ ) y ∈  − ,  − {0}
 2 2
C. GRAPH OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

–1
(a) f : [–π/2, π/2] → [–1, 1] f : [–1, 1] → [–π/2, π/2]
–1 –1
f(x) = sin x f (x) = sin x
y y
y=x
y=arcsinx y=arcsinx
π/2 π/2
1 y=sinx
– π / 2 –1 –1
x x
0 1 π/2 0 1
y=sinx –1
–π / 2 –π / 2
y=arcsinx y=arcsinx
y=x
–1
(b) f : [0, π] → [–1, 1] f : [–1, 1] → [0, π]
–1 –1
f(x) = cos x f (x) = cos x
y=arc cosx
y
π
y=x
y
π/2
π
1
π/2
π/ 2 π x
–1 0 1 1
–1
y=cosx
x
–1 0 1
y=x
–1
(c) f : (–π/2, π/2) → R f : R → (–π/2, π/2)
–1 –1
f(x) = tan x f (x) = tan x
y
π y=tanx y=x
y
π/2
y=arc tanx
π/ 2 y=arc tanx
x
–π / 2 0 π/ 2 π
x
y=arc tanx
0
–π/ 2 y=arc tanx
–π / 2
y=x
y=tanx –π
–1
(d) f : (0, π) → R f : R → (0, π)
–1 –1
f(x) = cot x f (x) = cot x
y
y=x
π
y=arc cotx y
π
π/2
y=arc cotx
y=arc cotx
x
0 π/2 π π/2
y=arc cotx
–π / 2 x
0 π
y=x
–π y=cotx
y
π
(e) f : [0, π/2) ∪ (π/2, π] → (–∞, –1] ∪ [1, ∞)

f(x) = sec x π/ 2
–1
f : (–∞, –1] ∪ [1, ∞) → [0, π/2) ∪ [π/2, π]
–1 –1
f (x) = sec x
x
–1 0 1
y
π/2
(f) f : [–π/2, 0) ∪ (0, π/2] → (–∞, –1] ∪ [1, ∞)

f(x) = cosec x x
–1 –1 0 1
f : (–∞, –1] ∪ [1, ∞) → [–π/2, 0) ∪ (0, π/2]
–1 –1
f (x) = cosec x
Basis on the above discussion we get following results : –π / 2
(i) All inverse trigonometric functions shows angle.

–1 –1 –1 –1 –1 –1
(ii) If x ≥ 0 then all six trigonometric functions sin x, cos x, tan x, sec x, cosec x, cot x
shows acute angle.
–1 –1 –1
(iii) If x < 0 then sin x, tan x and cosec x, shows angle between – π/2 to 0 (IV quadrant)
–1 –1 –1
(iv) If x < 0 then cos x, cot x and sec x shows obtuse angle (II quadrant)
(v) III quadrant never used in inverse trigonometric functions.
Ex.1 Find the domain of the following functions.

(i) sin–1 n x (ii) cos–1 [x] (iii) sin–1 {x}
1
Sol. (i) f(x) = sin–1 n x ⇒ –1 ≤ n x ≤ 1 ⇒ ≤x≤e
e
(ii) f(x) = cos–1 [x] ⇒ –1 ≤ [x] ≤ 1 ⇒ [x] = –1, 0, 1 ⇒ x ∈ [–1, 0) ∪ [0, 1) ∪ [1, 2) ⇒ x ∈ [–1, 2)
(iii) f(x) = sin–1 {x} ⇒ –1 ≤ {x} ≤ 1 ⇒ x ∈ R
 1  1
Ex.2 tan–1 (1) + cos–1  −  + sin–1  −  is equal to
 2  2
 1  1 π 2π π π π 3π
Sol. tan–1 (1) + cos–1  −  + sin–1 −  = + − = + =
 2  2  4 3 6 4 2 4
D. PROPERTIES OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

P-1 (i) y = sin (sin–1 x) = x (ii) y = cos (cos–1 x) = x
x ∈ [–1, 1], y ∈ [–1, 1] x ∈ [–1, 1], y ∈ [–1, 1]
y y
1 1
x
x
y=
y=
45º 45º
1
x 1
x
–1 0 –1 0
–1 –1
(iii) y = tan (tan–1 x) = x (iv) y = cot (cot–1 x) = x

x ∈ R, y ∈ R x ∈ R, y ∈ R
y y
x
x
y=
y=
45º 45º
x x
0 0
(v) y = cosec (cosec–1 x) = x (vi) y = sec (sec–1 x) = x

| x | ≥ 1, | y | ≥ 1 |x|≥1;|y|≥ 1
y y
y= x y= x
1 1
–1 –1
x x
0 1 0 1
–1 –1
y= x y= x
 π π
(sin x), x ∈ R, y ∈ − ,  , is periodic function with period 2π and it is an odd function
–1
(vii) y = sin
 2 2
y
π /2
 π
π
+x
y=
y=
2
− π − x , − π ≤ x ≤ − 2
π
x
3π
x–
–(
2π
y=
−
π–
π+
y=
y=
2
x)
x
2
 π π −π π
x
−2π 3π 0 π 2π
–1
sin (sin x) =  x , − <x< −
2 2
 2 2
 π−x , π ≤ x ≤ π –π/2
 2
–1
(viii) y = cos (cos x), x ∈ R, y ∈ [0, π], is periodic function with period 2π and it is an even function
y
π
2π
x
y=
 −x −π≤x≤0
y=
,
y=
x+
–
2

2π
0<x≤π
y=
–1 x ,
(cos x) =  2π − x
–x
cos , π < x ≤ 2π
 x − 2π , 2π < x ≤ 3π
 −π π
–2π –3π/2 –π/2 0 π/2 3π/2 2π
 π   π π
(tan x), x ∈ R – (2n + 1) , n ∈ I ; y ∈  − ,  is periodic function with period π and it
–1
(ix) y = tan
 2   2 2
is an odd function
y
π
2
 3π π
x
–π
π
y=
x+
x + π ; − <x<−
x
y=
y=
2π
2 2 x
–1
 π π −2π −
3π −π −
π
0 π π 3π
; − <x<
2 2
tan (tan x) =  x 2 2
 2 2
π 3π π
x − π ; <x< −
2
 2 2
–1
(x) y = cot (cot x), x ∈ R – {nπ, n ∈ I}, y ∈ [0, π], is periodic function with period π and it is
neither an even nor odd function
x + π ; − π < x < 0
2π
+π
π
x–
x+

x
x
y=
y=
y=
y=
(cot x) =  x ; 0 < x < π

–1
cot
 x − π ; π < x < 2π
x
−2 π −π 0 π 2π
–1  π   π
(xi) y = cosec (cosec x), x ∈ R – {nπ, n ∈ I}, y ∈ − , 0  ∪  0,  is periodic function with period
 2   2
2π and it is an odd function
y
π /2
π
y=
+x
y=
2
π
x
3π
x–
–(
2π
y=
−
π–
π+
y=
y=
2
x)
x
2
π
x
−2π 3π −π 0 π 2π
−
2 2
–π /2
 π   π π 
(sec x), x ∈ R – (2n − 1) , n ∈ I , y ∈ 0,  ∪  , π  is periodic function with period 2π
–1
(xii) y = sec
 2   2 2 
and it is an even function
y
π
π
2π
x
y=
y=
y=
x+
x– 2
2π
y=
–x
–2π –3π/2 −π –π/2 0 π/2 π 3π/2 2π
Ex.3 Evaluate following
π −1 1  
(i) sin(cos–1 3/5) (ii) cos(tan–1 3/4) (iii) sin  − sin  −  
2  2 
Sol. (i) Let cos–1 3/5 = θ then cos θ = 3/5 ⇒ sinθ = 4/5 ∴ sin(cos–1 3/5) = sin θ = 4/5
(ii) Let tan–1 3/4 = θ then tan θ = 3/4 ⇒ cosθ = 4/5 ∴ cos(tan–1 3/4) = cos θ = 4/5
π −1 1  
 π  π  2π 3
(iii) sin  − sin  −   = sin  2 −  − 6   = sin =
2  2      3 2
Ex.4 Define the function, f(x) = cos (cos x) − sin (sin x) in [0, 2 π] and find the area bounded by the
−1 −1
graph of the function and the x − axis.
x 0 ≤ x ≤ π2
x 0≤x≤π 
π ≤ x ≤ 3π
Sol. cos −1 (cos x) =  ; sin −1 (sin x) =  π − x
2 π − x π ≤ x ≤ 2 π  2 2
3π
x − 2 π 2
≤ x ≤ 2π
0

if x ∈ [0 , π2 ]
Hence
2 x − π
f (x) = 
if x ∈ [ π2 , π] Area = 
 3π π 
+  −
π
= π2
π

if x ∈ [π , 32π ]  2 2 2
 4 π − 2 x if x ∈
 [ 32π , 2 π]
Ex.5 Evaluate each of the following
π 4  4 2
(i) sin  − sin −1  , (ii) cos  sin −1 + cos −1  , (iii) sin (tan–1 3 + tan–1 2)
3 5  5 3
π 4  4  4
Sol. (i) sin  − sin −1  = sin π cos  sin −1  – cos π sin  sin −1 
 3 5  3  5  3  5 
3 1 4 3 3 4 3 3 −4
= 1 − ( 4 / 5 )2 − . = . − = .
2 2 5 2 5 10 10
 −1 4 2  4  2  4  2
(ii) cos  sin + cos −1  = cos  sin −1  cos  cos −1  – sin  sin−1  sin  cos −1 
 5 3  5   3   5   3 
2 4 3 2 4 5 6−4 5
= 1 − ( 4 / 5)2 . − . 1 − ( 2 / 3)2 = . − . = .
3 5 5 3 5 3 15
(iii) sin (tan–1 3 + tan–1 2) = sin (tan–1 3) cos (tan–1 2) + cos (tan–1 3) sin (tan–1 2)
3 1 1 2 3 1
= . + . = =
2 2 2 2 10 5 2
1+ 3 1+ 2 1+ 3 1+ 2
Ex.6 Let y = sin–1(sin 8) – tan–1(tan 10) + cos–1(cos 12) – sec–1(sec 9) + cot–1(cot 6) – cosec–1(cosec
7).
If y simplifies to aπ + b then find (a – b).
Sol. sin–1(sin 8) = sin −1 ( sin(3π − 8) ) = 3π – 8
tan–1(tan 10) = tan −1 ( tan(10 − 3π) ) = 10 – 3π
cos–1(cos 12) = cos −1 ( cos(4π − 12) ) = 4π – 12
sec–1(sec 9) = sec −1 ( sec(9 − 2π) ) = 9 – 2π
cot–1(cot 6) = cot −1 ( cot( 6 − π) ) = 6 – π
cosec–1(cosec 7) = cosec −1 ( cosec (7 − 2π) ) = 7 – 2π

y = (3π – 8) + (3π – 10) + (4π – 12) + (2π – 9) + (– π + 6 ) + (2π – 7) = 13π – 40
⇒ a = 13 and b = – 40 ⇒ a – b = 13 – (– 40) = 53
–1 –1 1 –1 –1 1
P-2 (i) cosec x = sin ; |x| ≥ 1 (ii) sec x = cos ; |x| ≥ 1
x x
 –1 1
tan x , x>0
–1
(iii) cot x = 
π + tan –1 1 , x < 0
 x
P-3 (i) sin–1 (–x) = – sin–1 x ; – 1 ≤ x ≤ 1 (ii)
–1
cosec (–x) = – cosec x ; |x| ≥ 1
–1
–1 –1 –1 –1
(iii) tan (–x) = – tan x ; x ∈ R (iv) cot (–x) = π – cot x ; x ∈ R
–1 –1 –1 –1
(v) cos (–x) = π – cos x ; – 1 ≤ x ≤ 1 (vi) sec (–x) = π – sec x ; |x| ≥ 1
π π
P-4 (i) sin–1 x + cos–1 x = ; |x| ≤ 1 (ii)
–1
tan x + cot
–1
x = ; x∈R
2 2
–1 –1 π
(iii) sec x + cosec x = ; |x| ≥ 1
2
Ex.7 Find the value of sin–1 (– 3 / 2 ) + cos–1 (cos (7π/6).
Sol. sin–1(– 3 / 2 ) = – sin–1 ( 3 / 2 ) = – π/3 and cos–1(cos (7π/6) = cos–1 cos (2π – 5π/6) = cos–1 cos(5π/6) = 5π/6
π 5π π
hence sin–1 (– 3 / 2 ) + cos–1 (cos (7π/6) = – + =
3 6 2
 7π 
Ex.8 Find the value of (i) sin–1 (sin π/4) (ii) cos–1  cos 
 6 
π
Sol. (i) sin–1(sin π/4) =
4
 7π  7π 7π
(ii) cos–1  cos  ≠ , because , does not lies between 0 and π
 6  6 6
 7π    5π    5π  5π  7π 5π 
Now cos–1  cos  = cos–1  cos  2π −   cos  = ∵ = 2π − 
6   = cos
–1
 6     6  6  6 6
 x+y
 tan −1 ; if x > 0, y > 0 and xy < 1
1 − xy

–1 –1  −1 x + y
P-5 (i) tan x + tan y =  π + tan ; if x > 0, y > 0 and xy > 1
 1 − xy
 π
 ; if x > 0, y > 0 and xy = 1
2
–1 –1 –1 x − y
(ii) tan x – tan y = tan if x > 0, y > 0
1 + xy
–1 –1 –1 –1  x + y + z − xyz 
(iii) tan x + tan y + tan z = tan   If x > 0, y > 0, z > 0 and xy + yz + zx < 1
 1 − xy − yz − zx 

 sin−1  x 1 − y 2 + y 1 − x 2  ; if x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 and (x 2 + y 2 ) ≤ 1
–1 –1   
P-6 (i) sin x + sin y = 
1 
 π − sin x 1 − y + y 1 − x
− 2 2  ; if x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 and (x 2 + y 2 ) > 1
  
–1 –1 –1  2 2
(ii) sin x – sin y = sin  x 1 − y − y 1 − x  ; If x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
–1 –1 −1  2 2
(iii) cos x + cos y = cos  xy − 1 − x 1 − y  ; If x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
 

–1 –1  cos−1(xy + 1 − x 2 1 − y2 ) ; x < y, x,y > 0
(iv) cos x – cos y= 
 − cos−1(xy + 1 − x 2 1 − y2 ) ; x > y, x, y > 0

1 1 3 π
Ex.9 Prove that, sin–1 + sin–1 + sin–1 = .
3 3 11 11 2
1 + 1
1 1 3 2 2 7 2 3
Sol. tan–1
+ tan –1
+ tan –1
= tan –1
1 + tan–1
2 2 7 2 2 1− 2
28
9 2 3 2 3 3 3 π
= tan–1 + tan–1 = tan–1 + tan–1 = cot–1 + tan–1 =
27 2 3 2 2 2 2
Ex.10 Prove that sin–1 4/5 +sin–1 5/13 + sin–1 16/65 = π/2
4 25 16 5  16 63 16
Sol. L.H.S. = sin–1  . 1 − + 1− .  + sin–1
 = sin–1 + sin–1
5 169 25 13  65 65 65
 2 2 
 63  16  16  63    63 2 + 16 2 
= sin –1  65 . 1 −   + . 1 −    = sin–1   = sin–1 1 = π = R.H.S.
  65  65  65    65 2 
    2
1 1 1 π
Ex.11 Prove that tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 =
2 5 8 4
1 1 1  −1 1 1 1
Sol. tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 =  tan + tan −1  + tan–1
2 5 8  2 5  8
 1 1 
 + 
 2 5   1  x+y 
= tan–1  1 1  + tan–1  8  {using; tan–1 x + tan–1 y = tan–1   , if xy < 1}
 1− ×     1 − xy 
 2 5
 7 1 
7  1  +   65  π
= tan–1   + tan–1   = tan–1  9 8  = tan–1   = tan–1(1) =
9 8  7 1
1− ×  65  4
 
 9 8
3 11
Ex.12 Find the value of sin −1 + cos −1 + cot −1 3.
73 146
 3+ 5 
3 5  8 11  π π π 5π
Sol. tan −1 + tan −1 + cot −1 3 = tan −1   + cot −1 3 = tan −1 (1) + = + =
8 11  1− 3 . 5  6 4 6 12
 8 11 
3 15 84
Ex.13 Show that sin–1 + sin–1 = π – sin–1
5 17 85
2 2
3 15  3   15  8226
Sol. Since > 0, > 0 and   +   = >1
5 17  5   17  7225
3 3 225 15 9   3 8 15 4  84
15  1− + 1− +
∴ sin–1 + sin–1 = π – sin–1   = π – sin–1  . .  = π – sin–1
5 17 5 289 17 25   5 17 17 5  85
3π
Ex.14 If tan–1 x + tan–1 y + tan–1 z = then prove that xy + yz + zx = 1
2
3π 3π
Sol. Since tan–1 x + tan–1 y + tan–1 z = ⇒ tan–1 x + tan–1 y = – tan–1 z
2 2
 3π  x+y
⇒ tan (tan–1 x + tan–1 y) = tan  − tan −1 z  ⇒
1 − xy = cot (tan z)
–1
...(1)
 2 
 1  −1 1 1
Case (I) : If z > 0 then tan–1 z = cot–1   ⇒ cot (tan–1 z) = cot  − π + cot  = ...(2)
z  z z
 1
 
Case (II) : If z < 0 then tan–1 z = – π + cot–1  z 
 −1 1  1 1
⇒ cot (tan–1 z) = cot  − π + cot  = cot  cot −1  = ...(3)
 z  z z
x+y 1
From (1), (2) and (3) we get = or zx + yz = 1 – xy or xy + yz + zx = 1.
1 − xy z
Ex.15 If cos–1 x/2 + cos–1 y/3 = θ, prove that 9x2 + 12 xy cosθ + 4y2 = 36sin2θ
Sol. Let cos–1 x/2 = α, and cos–1 y/3 = β ∴ cosα = x/2 and cos β = y/3.
Given, α +β = θ ∴ cos (α + β) = cosθ
x y x2 y2
or cos α cos β – sin α sin β = θ or . − 1− 1− = cos θ
2 3 4 9
xy 4 − x2 . 9 − y2
or − = cos θ or (xy – 6cos θ)2 = (4 – x2) (9 – y2)
6 6
or x2y2 + 36cos2θ – 12xy cosθ = 36 – 9x2 – 4y2 + x2y2
or 9x2 – 12y cosθ + 4y2 = 36 (1 – cos2θ) or 9x2 – 12xycosθ + 4y2 = 36sin2θ.
 36  4  8 
Ex.16 Let α = sin–1   , β = cos–1   and γ = tan–1   , find (α + β + γ) and hence prove that
 85  5  15 
(i) ∑ cot α = ∏ cot α , (ii) ∑ tan α · tan β = 1

 36  3  8 
Sol. α + β + γ = tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   ....(1)
 77  4  15 
3  8   (3 4) + (8 15 )   77 
now tan–1   + tan–1   = tan–1   = tan–1  
4  15   1 − (24 60)   36 
 36   36  π
hence α + β + γ = tan–1   + cot–1   =
 77   77  2
π π  1
now α+β= – γ cot(α + β) = cot  − γ  = tan γ =
2 2  cot γ
cot α cot β − 1 1
cot α + cot β
=
cot γ
∴ ∑ cot α = ∏ cot α hence proved.
1 tan α + tan β 1
|||ly tan(α + β) =
tan γ
;
1 − tan α tan β
=
tan γ
; ∴ ∑ tan α tan β = 1
Ex.17 If u = cos–1 cos 2θ – tan–1 cos 2θ , prove that sin u = tan2θ
 1 
 − cos 2θ 
1  cos 2θ   1 − cos 2θ 
Sol. Given, u = tan–1 – tan–1 cos 2θ = tan–1 1 + 1  = tan–1  
cos 2θ . cos 2θ  2 cos 2θ 
 cos 2θ 
 
sin 2 θ sin2 θ AB
= tan –1
∴ tan u = = (say)
cos 2θ cos 2θ BC
A
sin θ
2
s θ
co
2
u
C B
cos 2θ
Then AC = sin 4 θ + cos 2θ = sin 4 θ + 1 − 2 sin 2 θ = cos θ
2
AB sin 2 θ
∴ sinu = = = tan 2 θ .
AC cos 2 θ
1 1 5π
Ex.18 Show that cos–1 + 2 cot–1 =
7 3 4
1 1 π 1 π −1 1 
Sol. cot–1 + 2 cot–1 = – tan=1 + 2  − tan 
7 3 2 7 2 3
3π  1 1 3π  1 2.1/ 3   1 
= −  tan −1 + 2 tan −1  = −  tan −1 + 2 tan −1 
 ∵ < 1
2  7 3 2  7 1 − (1/ 3)2   3 
1 3
+
3π
3π  1 3
−  tan −1 + tan −1  − tan −1 7 4  1 3 
∵ . < 1
= = 2 1 3
2  7 4 1− .  7 4 
7 4
3π 3π π 5π
= – tan–1 1 = – =
2 2 4 4
1−1 2  −1 1 π
Ex.19 Evaluate (i) tan  cos  (ii) tan  2 tan − 
2 3  5 4
2 2 π
Sol. (i) Let cos–1 = θ. Then cos θ = and 0 < θ <
3 3 2
−1 1 2 1  1 − cos θ 1 − cos θ 1− 2 / 3 1/ 3 1
Now tan  cos  = tan  θ  = = = = =
2 3 2  1 + cos θ 1 − cos 2 θ 1 − ( 2 / 3) 2 9−4 5
3
θ 1 − cos θ 1 − 2 / 3 1 θ 1  θ π π
Alternatively : tan2 = = = ∴ tan = .  As 0 < 2 < 4 < 2 
2 1 + cos θ 1 + 2 / 3 5 2 5  
1 1 π
(ii) Let tan–1 = θ. Then tan θ = and 0 < θ <
5 5 2
2 tan θ
 1 π   π  tan 2θ − 1 2
= 1 − tan θ
−1
Now tan  2 tan −  = tan  2θ −  =
 5 4  4 1 + tan 2θ 2 tan θ
1+
1 − tan 2 θ
2 1
− 1+
2 tan θ − 1 + tan 2 θ 5 25 10 − 25 + 1 − 14 − 7
= = = =
= 1 − tan 2θ + 2 tan θ 1 2 25 − 1 + 10 34 17 .
1− +
25 5
1  1 
Ex.20 Evaluate cos  arccos −   .
 2  10  
 1 1 α
Sol. Let α = arccos  −  , then cos α = − , 0 < α < π and lies in the first quadrant.
 10  10 2
1  1  1 + cos α 9 3 5
We get cos  arccos −   = = = .
 2  10   2 20 10
  1 
Ex.21 Evaluate cos  3 arccos −   .
  3 
 1 1
Sol. Let α = arccos  −  . then cos α = – . we make use of identity to get
 3 3
 1   1 4 23
cos 3a = 4cos3 a – 3 cos a = 4  −  –3 −  = 1 – =
 27   3  27 27
1  − 3 
Ex.22 Evaluate sin  cot −1  
2  4 
−3 −3 π
Sol. Let cot–1   = θ. Then cot θ = and < θ < π.
 4  4 2
1  −3   θ 1 − cos θ 1 cos θ 1 cot θ

Thus sin  cot −1    = sin  2  = = 1− = 1−
 2  4     2 2 sin θ cosec θ 2 cosec θ
1 cot θ
= 1− [∴ for π/2 < θ < π, cosec θ > 0]
2 1 + cot 2 θ
1 −3/4 1 3 2 2 5
= 1− = 1+ = =
2 1 + 9 / 16 2 5 5 5 .
 1−cosx  1 x
Ex.23 Prove that , cos -1 1−  = π - 2 cot -1  tan  .
 12cosx +13  5 2
 13cosx +12   12(1+cosx )+cosx 

Sol. L. H. S. = cos -1   = cos -1  
 12cosx +13   12(1+cosx )+1 
 24cos 2 x +cos 2 x −sin 2 x   25cos 2 x −sin2 x 

 2 2 2  2 2
= cos -1
= cos -1
 24cos 2 x +cos 2 x + sin 2 x   25cos 2 x + sin2 x 
 2 2 2  2 2

( 51 tan 2x )
2
1 −  1 x π −1 1  1 
= cos -1  2 = 2 tan -1  tan  = 2  −cot  tanx  = π - 2 cot -1  tan x
1 +
 ( 51 tan 2x ) 

 5 2   2  5  5 
π 1 a π 1 a
Ex.24 Prove that tan  + cos −1  + tan  − cos −1  = 2b .
 4 2 b   4 2 b  a
a a
Sol. Let cos–1 =θ ∴ cosθ =
b b
θ θ
1 + tan 1 − tan
π θ π θ 2+ 2
L.H.S. = tan  +  + tan  −  = θ θ
4 2 4 2 1 − tan 1 + tan
2 2
2 2
 θ  θ θ
1 + tan  + 1 − tan  
2  1 + tan2 
 2  2  2  2 2b
= 2 θ
= = = = R.H.S.
1 − tan θ cos θ a
1 − tan2
2 2
E. SIMPLIFIED INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

y
π/2
 −1 −1
 −π − 2sin x ; − 1 ≤ x ≤
 2
 −1 −1 1
(i) sin
–1
2x 1− x 2 =  2 sin x ; ≤x≤ –1 –1 2 0 1 2 1 x
 2 2
 π − 2 sin−1 x ; 1 ≤ x ≤ 1
 2 –π/2
π y
–1 2
 2cos −1 x ; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
(ii) cos (2x – 1) =  π/2
−1
2π − 2cos x ; − 1 ≤ x ≤ 0
–1 2 1 2
0 x
–1 –π/2 1
π/2
 π + 2 tan x ; x < −1
−1
2x 
(iii) tan
–1
=  2 tan−1 x ; − 1 < x < 1 –1 0
x
1− x2  −π + 2 tan−1 x ; x > 1
 –π/2
y
π/2
 −π − 2 tan−1 x ; x < −1
2x 
(iv) sin
–1
=  2 tan−1 x ; − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1
1+ x2  π − 2 tan−1 x ; x > 1 –1 0 1
x

–π/2
π y
 1− x2   2 tan−1 x ; x ≥ 0
–1  
(v) cos  1 + x 2  =  −2 tan−1 x ; x ≤ 0
  
x
0
 −1 π/2
−1
 −π − 3 sin x ; − 1 ≤ x ≤ 2

 1 1
(vi) sin
–1 3
(3x – 4x ) =  3 sin−1 x ; − ≤ x ≤ –1 –1 2 0 1 2 1 x
 2 2
 −1 1
 π − 3 sin x ; 2 ≤ x ≤ 1 –π/2
y
π
 −1 −1
 −2π + 3 cos x ; − 1 ≤ x ≤ 2

–1 3  −1 1 1
(vii) cos (4x – 3x) =  2π − 3 cos x ; − ≤ x ≤
 2 2 π/2
 −1 1
 3 cos x ; ≤ x ≤1
2
–1 –1/2 0 1/2 1
 −1 −1 π/2
 π + 3 tan x ; x <
 3
 3x − x 3   −1 1
–1   = 
−1
3 tan x ; <x< x
(viii) tan  1 − 3x 2  –1 3 0 1 3
   3 3
 −π + 3 tan−1 x ; x > 1
 3
– π/2
F. EQUATIONS INVOLVING INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Ex.25 Solve cos–1 x √3 + cos–1x = π/2.

Sol. Given, cos–1 x √3 +cos–1 x = π/2 ...(1)
or cos–1 x √3 = π/2 – cos–1 x
or cos cos–1 x√3 = cos (π/2 – cos–1x)
or x√3 = sin cos–1x or x√3 = sin sin–1 1− x 2
or x√3 = 1− x 2 Squaring we get 3x = 1 – x or 4x = 1 ⇒ x = ± 1/2

2 2 2
Verification : When x = 1/2
L.H.S. of equation = cos1 ( 3 /2) + cos–1 (1/2) = π/6 + π/3 + π/2 = R.H.S. of equation
When x = –1/2.
L.H.S. of equation = cos–1 (– 3 /2) + cos–1 (–1/2) = π – cos–1 ( 3 /2) + π – cos–1 (1/2)
= π – π/6 + π – π/3 = 3π/2 ≠ R.H.S. of equation ∴ x = 1/2 is the only solution
5π 2
Ex.26 Solve for x : (tan–1 x)2 + (cot–1 x)2 = .
8
5π 2
Sol. We have (tan–1 x)2 + (cot–1 x)2 =
8
2
5π 2 π 5π2
⇒ (tan –1
x +cot –1 2
x) – 2 tan –1
x. cot –1
x= ⇒   – 2 tan–1 x. (π/2 – tan–1 x) =
8 2 8
π2 π 5π 2 3π2
⇒ – 2. . tan–1 x + 2 (tan–1 x)2 = ⇒ 2 (tan–1 x)2 – π tan–1 x – =0
4 2 8 8
 π π
⇒ tan–1 x = − π/4, 3π/4 ⇒ tan–1 x = –π/4; x = –1 {neglecting tan–1 x = 3π/4 as tan–1 x ∈  − ,  }
 2 2
Ex.27 Determine the integral values of ' k ' for which the system , (arc tan x)2 + (arc cos y)2 = π2 k and
−1
π
t a n x + cos −1 y = posses solution and find all the solutions.
2
0 ≤ (tan − 1 x)2 ≤ π 
2
5 π2
Sol. 4 ⇒ (tan −1 x)2 + (cos −1 x)2 ≤
0 ≤ (cos − 1 y) 2 ≤ π 2  4
5 π2 5
But (tan −1 x)2 + (cos −1 x)2 = π2 k hence k π2 ≤ ⇒k ≤ ...(1)
4 4
2
π π −1 
Now put tan −1
x = − cos −1 y ⇒  − cos y + (cos −1 y)2 = π2 k ( where cos −1 y = t )
2 2 
 π2 
⇒ 2 t2 − π t +  − k π2 = 0 For real roots D ≥ 0
 4 
 π2  1
⇒ π2 − 8  − k π2 ≥ 0 ⇒ 1 − 2 + 8k ≥ 0 ⇒ k ≥ ...(2)
 4  8
From (1) and (2) k=1
∴t=
π ± 8 π2 − π2
4
=
π± 7π
4
= 1± ( 7 ) π4 or cos −1 y = ( 7 +1) π
4
(as 0 ≤ cos −1 y ≤ π )
∴ tan −1 x =
π
2
− ( 7 +1) π
4
=
π
4 [ (1 − 7 ) ] ⇒ x = tan 1 − ( 7 ) π
4
Ex.28 Solve tan–1 2x + tan–1 3x = 3π/4.

Sol. (i) For x ≤ 0, tan–1 3x ≤ 0, therefore x ≤ 0 gives no solution.
1 3π π
(ii) For x > 0 if 2x . 3x = 6x2 < i.e. x < then = tan–1 2x + tan–1 3x < which is possible
6 4 2
1 3π 5x
(iii) For x > 0 if 2x . 3x > 1 i.e. x > then = tan–1 x + tan–1 3x = π + tan–1
6 4 1 − 6x 2
5x −π 5x −π
i.e. tan–1 2 = ⇒ 2 = tan
  = –1 ⇒ 5x = –1 + 6x2 or 6x2 – 5x – 1 = 0 or x = 1
1 − 6x 4 1 − 6x  4 
1 1
As 1> ∴ x = 1 is a solution. x=– (being rejected)
6 6
5x 12 x
Ex.29 Solve sin–1 + sin–1 = sin–1 x for x.
13 13
5x 12 x  −1 5x 12 x 
Sol. sin–1 + sin–1 = sin–1 x ⇒ sin  sin + sin −1  = sin (sin–1 x) = x
13 13  13 13 
2 2
5x  12x  12 x  5x 
⇒ . 1−   + 1−   = x ⇒ 5x 169 − 144 x 2 + 12x 169 − 25 x 2 = 169x
13  13  13  13 
the above equation holds if either x = 0 or 5 169 − 144 x 2 + 12x 169 − 25 x 2 = 169 x
i.e. 5 169 − 144 x 2 = 169 – 12 169 − 25 x 2 = 169
i.e. 25(169 – 144x2) = 1692 – 169 × 24 2

169 − 25 x 2 + 144 (169 – 25x )
i.e. 25 = 169 + 144 – 24 169 − 25 x 2 i.e. 24 169 − 25 x 2 = 288
i.e. 169 – 25x2 = 144 i.e. x2 = 1 i.e. x=±1

x = 0, ± 1 all are solutions of the equation. Check yourself.
G. INEQUATIONS INVOLVING INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Ex.30 Find the interval in which cos–1 x > sin–1 x.

Sol. We have, cos–1 x > sin–1 {for cos–1 x to be real; x ∈ [–1, 1]}
⇒ 2 cos–1 x > π/2 ⇒ cos–1 x > π/4 or cos (cos–1 x) < cos π/4
1  1 
⇒ x< ∴ x ∈  − 1, 
2  2
Ex.31 Find the solution set of the inequation sin–1(sin 5) > x2 – 4x

Sol. sin–1(sin 5) > x2 – 4x ⇒ sin–1[sin(5 – 2π)] > x2 – 4x
⇒ x2 – 4x < 5 – 2π ⇒ x2 – 4x + (2π – 5) < 0
⇒ 2– 9 − 2π < x < 2 + 9 − 2π ⇒ (
x ∈ 2 − 9 − 2π , 2 + 9 − 2π )
H. SUMMATION OF SERIES
4 6 8
Ex.32 Sum the series , tan −1 + tan −1 + tan −1 + ....... to ' n ' terms.
1+3⋅4 1+8⋅9 1+15⋅16
2(n+1) 2n+ 2
Sol. Tn = tan −1 = tan −1
2
1+ {(n+1) −1} {(n+1) } 2 1+(n + 2n)(n+1) 2
2
 2n+ 2   (n+1)(n+ 2)−n(n+1) 

= tan −1   = tan −1  
 1+n( n+ 2)(n +1)(n +1)   1+{n(n+1)}{(n+1)(n+ 2)}
= tan −1 (n + 1) (n + 2) − tan −1 n (n + 1)
Put n = 1 , 2 , 3 , ........ , n and add, we get Sn = tan −1 (n + 1) (n + 2) − tan −1 2
2 2 2 2
Ex.33 Sum the series to ' n ' terms ,tan −1 + tan −1 + tan −1 + tan −1 + ...... to ' n ' terms.
4 9 16 25
Also show that , S∞ = tan −1 3 .
2 (n+ 2)−n
Sol. Tn = tan −1 = tan −1 = tan −1 (n + 2) – tan −1 (n)
2
n + 2n+1 1+n(n+ 2)
Hence, Sn = tan −1 (n + 2) + tan −1 (n + 1) − (tan −1 1 + tan −1 2)
π π   1+ 2 
S∞ = Lim Sn = + −  π + tan −1   = tan–1 3
n→∞ 2 2   1− 2  
10 10
−1 m 
Ex.34 If the sum ∑∑ tan
n =1 m =1
  = kπ , find the value of k.
n
10
 1 2 3 10 
Sol. S= ∑  tan
n =1
−1
n
+ tan −1 + tan −1 + ........ + tan −1  now consider
n n n 
10
1
∑ tan
n =1
−1
n
= tan

−1

1
2
1
3
1
1 + tan −1 + tan −1 + .......................... + tan −1 + tan −1
9
1
10
10
2
∑ tan
n=1
−1
n
= tan
−1 2
1
2
2
2
3
2
4
2
+ tan −1 + tan −1 + tan −1 + tan −1 + .......... . + tan −1
5
2
10
...........

10
−1 10 10 10 10 10 10
∑ tan
n =1
n
= tan −1
1
+ tan −1 + tan −1 + tan −1 + .................... + tan −1
2 3 4 10


S = 10 ·
π  +  tan −1 1 + tan −1 2  +  tan −1 1 + tan −1 3  +  tan −1 1 + tan −1 4  + ..............
  3   4 
 4  2


[45 such pair each pair have value equal to π/2]
5π 45π 50π
S= + = = 25π ⇒ k = 25
2 2 2
Ex.35 Find the value of 'x' satisfying the equation ,
1 1 1
2 t a n
-1
[ cosec tan -1 x – cot tan -1 x ] = 2 tan -1 + tan -1 + 2 tan -1 ( given x ≠ 0 ).
5 7 8
 x2 + 1 
−1 1
Sol. LHS = 2 tan -1  cosec cosec − cot cot −1 
 x x
 
 x 2 +1 1   x 2 +1−1 
Case-I : If x > 0 then LHS = 2 tan -1  −  = 2 tan -1   = 2 tan -1 sec θ−1
 x x  x  tanθ
   
= 2 tan -1 tan
θ
2
π π
= θ = tan -1 x[∵ x = tan θ ⇒ θ = tan -1 x ; θ ∈ − 2 , 2 ] ( )
 −1 1   1  1 1
Case-II : If x < 0 then LHS = cot tan -1 x = cot  cot −π  = – cot  π−cot −1  = cot cot -1   =
 x   x   x  x
which gives the same result. Hence L H S = tan -1 x
 1+ 1
 −1 1 1 1 2/3 3
RHS = 2  tan + tan −1  = 2  tan−1 5 8  = 2 tan -1 = tan -1 = tan -1
 5 8  1− 1  3 1 4
  1−
 40  9
3+ 1
3 1 -1 4 7 = tan -1 1. Hence
Now tan -1
+ tan -1
= tan tan -1 x = tan -1 1 ⇒ x=1
4 7 1− 3
28
Ex.36 Solve for x : If [sin–1 cos–1 sin–1 tan–1 x] = 1 (where [ * ] denotes the greatest integer function)
π
Sol. We have; [sin–1 cos–1 sin–1 tan–1 x] = 1 ⇒ 1 ≤ sin–1 . cos–1. sin–1 . tan–1 x ≤
2
⇒ sin 1 ≤ cos–1 . sin–1 . tan–1 x ≤ 1 ⇒ cos sin 1 ≥ sin–1. tan–1 x ≥ cos 1
⇒ sin cos sin 1 ≥ tan –1
x ≥ sin cos 1 ⇒ tan sin cos sin 1 ≥ x ≥ tan sin cos 1
Hence, x ∈ [tan sin cos 1, tan sin cos sin 1]
EXERCISE – I SINGLE CORRECT (OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS)

–1 –1 –1
–1
1. Domain of f(x) = cos x + cot x + cosec x is
–1 –1 4. If x ≥ 0 and θ = sin x + cos x – tan x, then
(A) [–1, 1] (B) R (C) (–∞, – 1] ∪ [1, ∞) (D) {–1, 1} π 3π π
Sol. (A) ≤θ≤ (B) 0 < θ ≤
2 4 4
π π π
(C) 0 < θ ≤ (D) ≤θ≤
2 4 2
Sol.
–1
2. cosec (cos x) is real if
(A) x ∈ [–1, 1] (B) x ∈ R
(C) x is an odd multiple of π/2 (D) x is a multiple of π
Sol.
–1 –1
5. If cos [tan {sin (cot 3 )}] = y, then :
–1 –1 –1 4 2 2 2 10
3. Range of f(x) = sin x + tan x + sec x is (A) y = (B) y = (C) y = – (D) y =
5 5 5 11
 π 3π   π 3π  Sol.
(A)  ,  (B)  , 
4 4  4 4 
 π 3π 
(C)  ,  (D) None of these
4 4 
Sol.
 −1  3  −1 2 
6. The value of tan sin   + tan    is
 5  3 
6 7 5 17
(A) (B) (C) (D)
17 16 7 6
Sol.
π 1  π 1 
8. tan  + cos −1 x  + tan  − cos −1 x  , x ≠ 0 is
 4 2   4 2 
equal to
2 x
(A) x (B) 2x (C) (D)
x 2
Sol.
n n
7. If ∑
i =1
cos −1 α = 0, then
i ∑α
i =1
i
(A) n (B) –n (C) 0 (D) None of these

Sol. n π
9. If cot
–1
> , n ∈ N, then the maximum value
π 6
of ‘n’ is
(A) 1 (B) 5 (C) 9 (D) None of these
Sol.
10. The set of values of ‘a’ for which Sol.

x2 + ax + sin–1 (x2 – 4x + 5) + cos–1 (x2 – 4x + 5 ) = 0
has at least one solution is
(A) ( −∞,− 2π ] ∪ [ 2π, ∞ ) (B) ( −∞,− 2π ) ∪ ( 2π, ∞ )

(C) R (D) None of these
Sol.
13. The value of

–1 –1 –1
sin [cos {cos (cos x) + sin (sin x)}], where
11. If [cot–1 x] + [cos–1 x] = 0 then complete set of π 
values of ‘x’ is x∈  , π  is
2 
(where [ * ] denotes the greatest integer function)
π π π π
(A) (cos 1, 1] (B) (cot 1, cos 1) (A) (B) (C) – (D) –
(C) (cot 1, 1] (D) None of these
2 4 4 2
Sol.
Sol.
1 1
12. The value of cos  cos −1  is equal to
 2 8 
(A) 3/4 (B) –3/4 (C) 1/16 (D) 1/4
–1 –1 2π –1 –1  a   b 
14. If sin x + sin y= , then cos x + cos y 17. The value of tan–1   + tan–1  ,
3 b + c  c +a
is equal to if ∠C = 90º in triangle ABC, is
2π π π π π π
(A) (B) (C) (D) π (A) (B) (C) (D) π
3 3 6 4 3 2
Sol. Sol.
 1
15. If x < 0 then value of tan (x) + tan
–1 –1   is
x
equal to
π π
(A) (B) – (C) 0 (D) None of these
2 2
Sol.
–1 1+ x2 − 1 π
18. If tan = , then
x 45
(A) x = tan 2º (B) x = tan 4°
(C) x = tan (1/4)º (D) x = tan 8º
Sol.
–1 –1
16. tan a + tan b, where a > 0, b > 0, ab > 1, is
equal to
 a+b   a+b 
(A) tan
–1   (B) tan
–1   –π
 1 − ab   1 − ab 
 a+b   a+b 
(C) π + tan
–1   (D) π – tan
–1  
 1 − ab   1 − ab 
Sol.
Sol.
19. The value of

 1 − sin x + 1 + sin x  π
cot
–1
 , < x < π, is
 1 − sin x − 1 + sin x  2
x π x x x
(A) π – (B) + (C) (D) 2π –
2 2 2 2 2
Sol.
21. The complete solution set of the inequality

–1 2 –1
[cot x] – 6[cot x] + 9 ≤ 0 is
(where [ * ] denotes the greatest integer function)
(A) (– ∞, cot 3] (B) [cot 3, cot 2]
(C) [cot 3, ∞) (D) None of these
Sol.
20. The smallest and the largest values of

 1− x 
tan 
–1  , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 are 1  3 sin 2θ  π
sin   = , then tan θ is equal to
–1
 1+ x  22. If
2  5 + 4 cos 2θ  4
π π π π π
(A) 0, π (B) 0, (C) – , (D) , (A) 1/3 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) –1
4 4 4 4 2
Sol.
25. Which one of the following correct ?

(A) tan 1 > tan–1 1 (B) tan 1 < tan–1 1
(C) tan 1 = tan–1 1 (D) None of these
Sol.
 1 x 2 
2
+ − 2
− x
23. cos–1  x 1 x . 1  = cos–1 – cos–1 x
 2 4  2
holds for
(A) | x | ≤ 1 (B) x ∈ R
(C) 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 (D) –1 ≤ x ≤ 0
Sol.
26. If u = cot–1 tan α – tan

–1
tan α , then
π u
tan  −  is equal to
 4 2
(A) tan α (B) cot α (C) tan α (D) cot α
24. All possible values of p and q for which Sol.
3π
cos–1 p + cos–1 1− p + cos–1 1− q = holds, is
4
1 1
(A) p = 1, q = (B) q > 1, p =
2 2
1
(C) 0 ≤ p ≤ 1, q = (D) None of these
2
Sol.
 3 29. The set of values of ‘x’ for which the formula 2

–1 –1 –1   –1 –1
27. The equation sin x – cos x = cos  2  has sin x = sin (2x 1 − x 2 ) is true is
 
(A) (–1, 0) (B) [0, 1]
(A) no solution (B) unique solution
(C) infinite number of solutions (D) None of these  3 3  1 1 
Sol. (C) − ,  (D) − , 
 2 2   2 2
Sol.
30. The number of solution(s) of the equation,

–1 –1 –1
sin x + cos (1 – x) = sin (– x), is/are
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) more than 2
Sol.
28. The solution of the equation
 π  3 π
–1  tan  – sin–1  −
sin
 4  x  6 = 0 is
 
(A) x = 2 (B) x = –4 (C) x = 4 (D) None of these
Sol.
x 5 π
31. If sin 
–1  + cosec–1   = , then a value of x is
5 4 2
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
Sol. 34. The number of solution(s) of the equation

π
sin–1 (1 – x) – 2 sin–1 x = , is / are
2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) more than two
Sol.
32. The value of x satisfying

–1 –1 –1
sin x + sin (1 – x) = cos x are
1
(A) 0, (B) 0 (C) 1, –1 (D) None of these
2
Sol.
35. The number of solutions of the equation

 1   1   2 
tan–1   + tan–1   = tan–1  2  is
 2x + 1   4x + 1  x 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
Sol.
33. The number of solutions of the equation

π
tan–1 (1 + x) + tan–1(1 – x) = is
2
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 4
Sol.
EXERCISE – II MULTIPLE CORRECT (OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS)

3π
1. If sin–1 x + sin–1y + sin–1 z = , then 4. If the numerical value of
2 –1 –1
tan (cos (4/5) + tan (2/3)) is a/b then
9 (A) a + b = 23 (B) a – b = 11
(A) x100 + y100 + z100 – =0
x101 + y101 + z101 (C) 3b = a + 1 (D) 2a = 3b
Sol.
(B) x22 + y42 + z62 – x220 – y420 – z620 = 0
50 25 5
x 2008 + y 2008 + z 2008
(C) x +y +z =0 (D) =0
( xyz )2009
Sol.
2. If α satisfies the inequation x2 – x – 2 > 0, then

which of the following exists
(A) sin–1 α (B) cos–1 α (C) sec–1 α (D) cosec–1 α
Sol.
−1
1   14 π 
5. The value of cos  cos cos −  is
2   5  
 7π   π 
(A) cos  −  (B) sin  
 2   10 
 2π   3π 
(C) cos   (D) – cos  
 5   5 
 2 17  Sol.
3. 6 sin–1  x − 6 x +  = π, if
 2 
(A) x = 1 (B) x = 2 (C) x = 3 (D) x = 4
Sol.
1− x2
9. If 0 < x < 1, then tan–1 is equal to
1+ x
1 1+ x
(A) cos–1 x (B) cos–1
2 2
1− x 1 1+ x
 2   1 (C) sin–1 (D) tan–1

6. If a = sin  −
–1
+ cos  −  and
–1 2 2 1− x
  2
 2  Sol.
 1 
b = tan (− 3 ) – cot  −  , then
–1 –1
 3
(A) a – b = 17π/12 (B) a + b = 17π/12
(C) a + b = –7π/12 (D) a – b = π/12
Sol.
–1 –1 π
7. Let f(x) = sin x + cos x. Then is equal to
2
 1
(A) f  
2
(B) f (k – 2k + 3), k ∈ R
2
 1 
(C) f  
2 , k ∈ R (D) f(–2)
 1+ k 
Sol.
10. α, β and γ are three angles given by
1  1
α = 2 tan
–1
( 2 – 1), β = 3 sin
–1
+ sin
–1 − 
2  2
 1 –1 1
–1 –1   , then x may be and γ = cos . Then
8. If cosec x = sin 3
x
1 3 3 (A) α > β (B) β > γ (C) α < γ (D) α > γ
(A) 1 (B) – (C) (D) –
2 2 2 Sol.
Sol.
Sol.
11. For the equation

–1 –1 –1 3
2x = tan (2 tan a) + 2 tan (tan a + tan a ),
which of the following is invalid ?
2 2
(A) a x + 2a = x (B) a + 2ax + 1 = 0
(C) a ≠ 0 (D) a ≠ – 1, 1
Sol.
∞
4n
13. The sum ∑ tan
n =1
−1
n − 2n2 + 2
4 is equal to
–1
(A) tan 2 + tan–1 3 (B) 4 tan–1 1
(C) π/2 (D) sec–1 (− 2 )

Sol.
12. cos–1 x = tan–1 x then

 5 − 1  5 + 1
(A) x2 = 
  (B) x2 = 
 
 
 2   2 
 5 − 1
(C) sin (cos–1 x) = 
 

 2 
 5 − 1
(D) tan (cos–1

x) = 

2 
 
EXERCISE – III SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. Given is partial graph 3. Evaluate each of the following
of an even peri odic 3
 7π   2π 
function f whose period 2 (i) sin
–1  sin  (ii) tan
–1  tan 
 6   3 
is 8. If [*] denotes 1
greatest integer function

x  5π   7π 
0 1 2 3
(iii) cos
–1  cos  (iv) sec
–1  sec 
then find the value
–1
 4   4 
–2
of the expression. Sol.
–3
  7 
f(–3)+2|f(–1)|+ f    +f(0)+arc cos(f(–2))+f(–7)+f(20)
  8 
Sol.
2. Solve the following inequalities

–1 –1
(i) sin x > – 1 (ii) cos x < 2
–1
(iii) cot x<– 3
Sol.
4. Find the value of the following

–1 –1
(i) sin (sin 5) (ii) cos (cos 10)
–1 –1
(iii) tan (tan (–6)) (iv) cot (cot (–10))
 1  9π 9π  
(v) cos
–1   cos − sin  
 2 10 10  
Sol.
6. Solve the following equations :

 1− x  1
(i) tan
–1   = –1
tan x, (x > 0)
 1 + x  2
Sol.
–1 –1 –1
5 . Find sin (sin θ), cos (cos θ), tan (tan θ) and
 3π 
cot (cot θ) for θ ∈  ,3π
–1
2 
Sol.
 1   1  1
(ii) 3tan
–1   – tan–1   = tan–1  
2+ 3   
x 3
Sol.
7. Find the value of

 1 −1  2x  1 2 
−1  1 − y  
tan  sin  2
 + cos  
2   , if x > y > 1.
 2  1+ x  2  1 + y 
Sol.
8. Prove each of the following : 1

–1 –1 –1
(ii) cos x = sec = π – sin 1− x 2
–1 –1 1 –1
x x
(i) tan x = – π + cot = sin
x 1+ x2 x
–1 1− x2 –1
= π + tan = cot
–1
1 x 1− x2
= – cos when x < 0.
1+ x2 when –1 < x < 0.
Sol. Sol.
 1+ x   1− x2 
10. If α = 2 tan
–1   & β = sin –1  
2  for
 1− x   1 + x 
0 < x < 1, then prove that α + β = π. What the value of
α + β will be if x > 1 ?
Sol.
 π π
9. Find the number of values of x ∈ − ,  satisfying
 4 4
2 –1
the equation sin (2 cos (tan x)) = 1.
Sol.
Sol.
1 4
–1
11. If x = sin (2 tan 2) and y = sin  tan −1  then
2 3
find the relation between x and y.
Sol.
–1 –1 –1 –1
(ii) 2 tan (cosec tan x – tan cot x) = tan x
Sol.
12. Prove that

 1  1  10 − 1 
–1  –1   –1  
(i) cos  3  – cos  6  + cos  3 2 
     
 2 
= cos  
–1
3
 63   1 3  7π 
(iii) cos
–1   + 2 tan–1   = sin–1   (iii) cos−1  cos 
 65  5 5  6 
Sol. Sol.
 2π 
(iv) tan−1  tan 
 3 
Sol.
13. Find the following
 −1 1  −1 
(i) tan cos + tan −1 
 2  3 
 −1 3 
(v) cos  tan 
Sol.  4
Sol.
 −1 3 3
(vi) tan sin +cot −1 
 5 2
π −1 −1  
(ii) sin  −sin    Sol.
3  2 
Sol.
14. Find the following

 −1 3 
π   (v) sin cos 
−1 − 3   5
(i) sin  −sin  
 2  2   Sol.
Sol.
 3sin2α   tan α 
(vi) tan−1   + tan−1  
 5 + 3cos2α   4 
π π
where − <α<
2 2
Sol.
   
−1 − 3  π
(ii) cos cos  +
 
  2  6 
Sol.
15. Prove that

3 16 1 7
(i) 2 cos−1 + cot −1 + cos−1 =π
13 63 2 25
Sol.
 3π 
tan−1  tan 
 4 
( i i i )
Sol.
 4π 
(iv) cos−1  cos 
 3 
Sol.
16. Find the domain of definition the following

 5   7  36
(ii) cos–1   + cos–1  −  + sin–1 =π
functions.
 13   25  325 (Read the symbols [*] and {*} as greatest integers
Sol. and fractional part functions respectively.)
2x
(i) f(x) = arc cos
1+ x
Sol.
2 6 +1 π
(iii) arc cos − arc cos =
3 2 3 6
Sol.
1+ x2
(ii) cos(sin x ) + sin–1
2x
Sol.
(iv) Solve the inequality :

(arc sec x)2 – 6(arc sec x) + 8 > 0
Sol.
x −3
(iii) f(x) = sin–1   – log (4 – x)
 2  10
Sol.
Sol.
1 − sin x
(iv) f(x) = + cos–1 (1 – {x}) ,
log5 (1 − 4 x 2 )
where {x} is the fractional part of x.
Sol.
x
sin −1   x 
(vii) f(x) = e 2 + tan–1  − 1 + ln ( x − [ x ] )
2 
Sol.
 3 − 2x 
(v) f(x) = 3 − x + cos–1  5  + log6 (2|x| – 3)
+ sin–1 (log2 x)
Sol.
(viii) f(x)= sin(cos x ) + ln (–2 cos2 x + 3 cos x +1)
cos −1
 2 sin x + 1 
+ e  
 2 2 sin x 
Sol.
(vi) f(x) = log10 (1 – log7 (x 2 – 5x + 13))

 
 3 
 
+ cos–1  2 + sin 9πx 
 
 2 
17. Find the solution set of the equation, (ii) 2 tan−1 (cosec tan−1x − tan cot−1x) = tan−1x (x ≠ 0)
Sol.
3 cos–1 x = sin–1 ( 1− x 2 (4x 2 – 1) ).
Sol.
 2mn   2pq   2MN 

(iii) tan−1  2 2  + tan−1  2 2  = tan−1  2 2 
 m −n   p −q   M −N 
where M = mp − nq, N = np + mq,
n p N
< 1; < 1 and < 1.
m q M
Sol.
18. Prove that

π
(i) sin−1 cos (sin−1 x) + cos–1 sin (cos–1 x) = ,|x|≤1
2
Sol.
(iv) tan (tan −1 x + tan −1 y + tan −1 z) = cot (cot −1 x

+ cot −1 y + cot −1 z)
Sol.
(iii) tan−1 (x −1) + tan−1 (x) + tan−1(x+1) = tan−1 (3x)

Sol.
19. Solve the following equations / system of

equations
π
(i) sin−1 x + sin−1 2x =
3
Sol.
1 π
(iv) sin−1 + cos−1 x =
5 4
Sol.
1 1 2
(ii) tan−1 + tan−1 = tan−1 2
1 + 2x 1 + 4x x
Sol.
x 2 −1 2x 2π 2π π
(v) cos −1
+ tan−1 2 = (vi) sin−1 x + sin−1 y = & cos−1 x − cos−1 y =
2
x +1 x −1 3 3 3
Sol.
Sol.
1 − a2 1 − b2
(vii) 2 tan−1x = cos−1 − cos−1
(a > 0, b > 0).
1 + a2 1 + b2
Sol.
20. Let y = sin–1(sin 8) – tan–1 (tan 10) + cos–1(cos 12)

– sec–1(sec 9) + cot–1(cot 6) – cosec–1 (cosec 7). If y
simplifies to aπ + b then find (a – b).
Sol. Sol.
21. Show that :
 33π  −1  46π  −1  13π  −1  19π  

sin−1 sin +cos  cos + tan  −tan +cot  cot −  
 7   7   8    8 
45π
= 28
Sol.
 1
23. If x ∈  − 1,−  then express the functi on

2 
f(x) = sin–1 (3x – 4x 3 ) + cos–1 (4x 3 – 3x) in the form
of a cos –1 x + b π, where a and b are rational
numbers.
Sol.
22. If u = cot−1 cos2θ − tan−1 cos2θ then prove

that sin u = tan2 θ .
(iii) cot−17 + cot−113 + cot−121 + cot−131 + ...... to n terms

Sol.
24. Find the sum of the series
1 2 −1 n − n−1
(i)sin−1 +sin−1 + ....+ sin−1 +... ∞
2 6 n(n+1)
Sol.
1 1
(iv) tan−1 + tan−1 2
x 2 + x +1 x +3x +3
1 1
+ tan−1 2 + tan−1 2 to n terms.
x +5x +7 x +7x +13
Sol.
1 1 1 1
(v) tan−1 + tan−1 + tan−1 + tan−1 + ..... ∞
2 8 18 32
1 2 2 n −1
(ii) tan−1 + tan−1 + ..... + tan−1 + ..... ∞ Sol.
3 9 1 + 22 n − 1
Sol.
25. Solve the following Sol.

(i)cot −1 x + cot −1 (n² − x + 1) = cot−1 (n − 1)
Sol.

(i)arc cot 2 x − 5 arc cot x + 6 > 0
Sol.
x x
(ii) sec−1 − sec−1 = sec−1 b − sec−1 a a≥1; (ii) arc sin x > arc cos x
a b
Sol.
b ≥ 1, a≠ b .
Sol.
(iii) tan2 (arc sin x) > 1

Sol.
x −1 2x −1 23
(iii) tan−1 + tan−1 −1
x +1 2x +1 = tan 36
EXERCISE – IV ADVANCED SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Prove that
π 1 a π 1 a b
(a) tan + cos −1  + tan  − cos−1  =
4 2 b 4 2 b a
Sol.
−1
 a−b x −1  b + a cos x 
(c) 2 tan  . tan  = cos  
 a + b 2   a + b cos x 
Sol.
cos x + cos y  x y
(b) cos
–1
= 2 tan −1  tan . tan 
1 + cos x cos y  2 2
Sol.
Sol.
−1 1 2 2n−1
(b) tan + tan −1 + ...... + tan −1 + ........∞
3 9 1 + 22n−1
Sol.
−1
 1+ x2 – 1− x2 
2. If y = tan   prove that
 1 + x 2 + 1 − x 2 
2
x = sin 2y. 1 1 1 1
(c) tan −1
x2 + x + 1
+ tan −1 2
x + 3x + 3
+ tan −1 5
x + 5x + 7
+ tan −1 2
x + 7x + 13
to n terms.
Sol.
Sol.
−1 1 1 1
(d) sin + sin −1 + sin −1 + ......∞ terms
5 65 325
Sol.
3. Find the sum of the series

(a) cot −1 7 + cot −1 13 + cot −1 21 + cot −1 31 + ...... to n terms.
5. Find the integral value of K for which the system

1 2 –1 n − n −1 of equations ;
(e) sin −1 + sin −1 + ...... + sin −1 + ........∞
2 6 n(n + 1)  Kπ 2
arc cos x + ( arc sin y ) 2
=
 14
Sol.
 π4 possesses solutions &
(arc sin y )2 .(arc cos x ) =
 16
find those solutions.
Sol.
4. Express
β3 1 β  α3 1 α
cos ec 2  tan −1  + sec 2  tan −1 
2  2 α  2  2 β
as an integral polynomial in α & β .
Sol.
6. Find all the positive integral solutions of,
y 3
tan–1x + cos–1 = sin–1
1+ y2 10
Sol.
Sol.
8. Column – I Column – II
 2 
(A) f ( x ) = sin −1   (P) f(x) is many one
 | sin x − 1| + | sin x + 1| 
(B) f ( x ) = cos −1(| x − 1 | − | x − 2 |) (Q) Domain of f(x) is R
 π 
(C) f ( x ) = sin −1
 −1 −1
 (R)Range contain only
 | sin x − ( π / 2) | + | sin x + ( π / 2) | 
irrational number
7. If X = cosec. tan–1 . cos. cot–1 . sec. sin–1 a & Y =
sec cot –1 sin tan–1 cosec cos–1 a ; (D) f ( x ) = cos(cos −1 | x |) + (S)f(x) is even.
where 0 ≤ a ≤ 1. Find the relation between X & Y.
Express them in terms of 'a'. |) + sin−1(sin x ) – cos ec −1(cos ecx ) + cos ec −1 | x |
Sol.

(a) arc cot2 x – 5 arc cot x + 6 > 0
9. Prove that the equation, (sin–1 x)3+(cos–1 x)3 = α π3 Sol.
1 7
has no roots for α < and α >
32 8
Sol.
(b) arc sin x > arc cos x

Sol.
(c) tan2 (arc sin x) > 1 10 10

m
Sol. 13. If the sum ∑∑ tan
n =1 m =1
−1
  = kπ, find the value of k.
n
Sol.
11. Solve the following system of inequations

4arc tan2 x – 8 arc tanx + 3 < 0 &
4 arc cot x – arc cot2 x – 3 ≥ 0
Sol.
14. Show that the roots r,s and t of the cubic

x(x – 2) (3x – 7) = 2, are real and positive. Also
–1
c o m p u t e t h(r) + tan–1 (s) + tan–1 (t)
e v a l u e o f t a n
Sol.
12. If the total area between the curves

f(x) = cos–1 (sin x) ang g(x) = sin–1 (cosx) on the
interval [–7π, 7π] is A, find the value of 49 A. (Take
π = 22/7)
Sol.
16. Find the set of value of 'a' for which the equation
2 cos–1 x = a + a2 (cos–1 x)–1 posses a solution
Sol.
  2x 2 + 4  
15. Solve for x : sin −1  sin  < π − 3
2 

  1+ x 
Sol.
Paragraph question nos. 17 to 19

The domain and range of inverse circular function are
defined as follows
Domain Range
 π 3π 
2 , 2 
–1
sin x [–1, 1]
 
–1
cos x [–1, 1] [0, π]
 π 3π 
tan
–1
x R  , 
2 2 
–1
cot x R (0, π)
 π 3π 
 2 , 2  – (π)
–1
cosec x (– ∞, –1] ∪ [1, ∞)
 
π
[0, π] –  
–1
sec x (– ∞, –1] ∪ [1, ∞)
2 
–1
–1 3π 19. If x ∈ [–1, 1], then range of tan (–x) is
17. sin x< then solution set of x is
4
 3π 7π   3π 5π 
 1   1  (A)  ,  (B)  , 
(A)  ,1 (B)  − ,−1 4 4 4 4
 2   2 
 1 1   π π
(C) − ,  (D) None of these (C) [–π, 0] (D)  − , 
 2 2  4 4
Sol. Sol.
–1 –1
18. sin x + cosec x at x = –1 is
(A) π (B) 2π (C) 3π (D) – π
Sol.
Paragraph question nos. 20 to 22
 3π π
 π+θ , − 2 <θ<−2
 π π
–1
tan (tan θ) =  θ , − <θ< ,
 2 2
− π + θ , π 3π
<θ<
 2 2
 3π π
− π − θ , − 2 ≤ θ < − 2
 π π
–1
sin (sin θ) =  θ , − ≤θ≤
 2 2
 π−θ , π 3π
<θ≤
 2 2
 −θ , −π≤θ<0
–1 
cos (cos θ) =  θ , 0≤θ≤π
2π − θ , π < θ ≤ 2π

Based on the above results, answer each of the

following :
–1
20. cos x is equal to
–1
(A) sin 1− x 2 if –1 < x < 1
–1
(B) – sin 1− x 2 if – 1 < x < 0
–1
(C) sin 1− x 2 if –1 < x < 0
–1
(D) sin 1− x 2 if 0 < x < 1
Sol.
–1
22. cos x is equal to
–1 1− x2
(A) – tan if –1 < x < 0
x
–1 1− x2
(B) –tan if –1 < x< 0
x
–1 1− x2
(C) – tan if 0 < x < 1
x
–1 1− x2
(D) π + tan if –1 < x < 0
x
Sol.
–1
21. sin x is equal to
–1
(A) cos 1− x 2 if –1 < x < 0
–1
(B) cos 1− x 2 if –1 < x < 1
–1
(C) cos 1− x 2 if 0 < x < 1
–1
(D) – cos 1− x 2 if 0 < x < 1
Sol.
EXERCISE – V JEE PROBLEMS
1. The number of real solutions of
π
tan –1 x( x + 1) + sin−1 x 2 + x + 1 = is [JEE 99,2]
2
(A) zero (B) one (C) two (D) infinite
Sol.
ax
−1 bx
3. Solve, sin + sin −1 = sin −1 x ,
c c
where a2 + b2 = c2, c ≠ 0. [REE 2000 (Mains), 3]
Sol.
2. Using the principal values, express the following as a
 1  1 142
single angle 3 tan –1   + 2 tan –1   + sin−1 [REE 99,6]
2 5 65 5
Sol.
−1 −1 π
4. Solve the equation : cos ( 6 x ) + cos (3 3 x ) =
2
2
[REE 2001 (Mains), 3]
Sol.
π
7. Domain of f(x) = sin –1(2x ) + is [JEE 2003 (Scr.) 3]
6
 x2 x3   x 4 x6  π  1 1  1 3  1 1  1 1
5. If sin−1  x − + − ... + cos−1  x2 − + – ... = (A)  – ,  (B)  – ,  (C)  – ,  (D)  – , 
 2 4   2 4   2 2  4 4  4 4  4 2
    2
for 0 < |x| < 2 then x equals to Sol.
1 1
(A) (B) 1 (C) – (D) – 1
2 2
[JEE 2001 (Scr.), 1]
Sol.
8. If sin(cot –1(x + 1)) = cos(tan–1 x), then x equals

[JEE 2004 (Scr.), 1]
1 1 9
(A) – (B) (C) 0 (D)
2 2 4
Sol.
x2 + 1
6. Prove that cos tan–1 sin cot–1 x =
x2 + 2
[JEE 2002 (Mains) 5]
Sol.
9. Let (x, y) be such that

π
sin–1(ax) + cos–1(y) + cos–1(bxy) = [JEE 2007, 6]
2
Match the statements in Column I with statements
in Column II and indicate your answer by darkening
the appropriate bubbles in the 4 × 4 matrix given in 10. If 0 < x < 1, then
1+ x 2 [{x cos (cot x) + sin(cot x)} – 1] equals
–1 –1 2 1/2
the ORS.
Column–I Column–II x
(A) (B) x (C) x 1 + x 2 (D) 1+ x 2 [JEE 2008,3]
(A) If a = 1 and b = 0, (P) lies on the circle 1+ x2
then (x, y) x2 + y 2 = 1 Sol.
(B) If a = 1 and b = 1, (Q) lies on
then (x, y) (x2 – 1) (y2 – 1) = 0
(C) If a = 1 and b = 2, (R) lies on y = x
then (x, y)
(D) If a = 2 and b = 2, (S) lies on
then (x, y) (4x2 – 1)(y2 – 1) = 0
Sol.
Answer Ex–I SINGLE CORRECT (OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS)

1. D 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. C
9. B 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. B 16. C
17. A 18. D 19. B 20. B 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. C
25. A 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. B 32. A
33. C 34. B 35. B
Answer Ex–II MULTIPLE CORRECT (OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS)

1. A,B 2. C,D 3. B,D 4. A,B,C 5. B,C,D 6. A,C 7. A,C
8. A,C,D 9. A,B,C 10. B,C 11. B,C 12. A,C 13. A,D
Answer Ex–III SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. 5 2. (i) –sin 1 < x ≤ 1, (ii) cos2 < x ≤ 1, (iii) No solution
π π 3π π 17π
3. (i) – , (ii) – , (iii) , (iv) 4. (i) 5 – 2π, (ii) 4π – 10, (iii) 2π – 6, (iv) 4π – 10, (v)
6 3 4 4 20
 3π 5π
θ − 2π, 2 ≤ θ ≤ 2 
2π − θ,
3π
≤ θ < 2π
–1
5. sin (sin θ) =
 5π ; cos
–1
(cos θ) =  2 ;
3 π − θ, < θ ≤ 3π θ − 2π, 2π ≤ θ ≤ 3π
 2
 3π 5π
θ − 2π, 2 < θ < 2 
 θ − π,
3π
≤ θ < 2π
–1
tan (tan θ) =
 5π ; cot
–1
(cot θ) =  2
θ − 3 π, < θ ≤ 3π θ − 2π, 2π < θ < 3π
 2
1 1 + xy 2
6. (i) x = , (ii) x = 2 7. 9. 2 10. – π 11. x = 4y
3 x−y
1 5π π 4 17
13. (i) , (ii) 1, (iii) , (iv) − , (v) , (vi)
3 6 3 5 6
1 π 2π 4
14. (i) , (ii) −1, (iii) − , (iv) , (v) , (vi) α
2 4 3 5
15. (iv) (– ∞ , sec 2) ∪ [1, ∞ )
16. (i) –1/3 ≤ x ≤ 1, (ii) {1, –1}, (iii) 1 ≤ x ≤ 4, (iv) x ∈ (–1/2, 1/2), x ≠ 0,
(v) (3/2, 2], (vi) {7/3,25/9} (vii) (–2, 2) – {–1, 0, 1},
π  3 
(viii) {x |x = 2n π + , n ∈ Ι} 17.  ,1
6  2 
1 3 1 1 3
19. (i) x = , (ii) x = 3, (iii) x = 0, ,− , (iv) x = , (v) x = 2 – 3 or 3 ,
2 7 2 2 10
1 a−b
(vi) x = , y = 1, (vii) x =
2 1 + ab
9π 9
20. 53 23. 6 cos–1 x – , so a = 6, b = –
2 2
π π  2n + 5  π
24. (i) , (ii) , (iii) arc cot  , (iv) arc tan (x + n) – arc tan x, (v)
2 4  n  4
4
25. (i) x = n2 – n + 1 or x = n, (ii) x = ab, (iii) x =
3
 2   2   2

26. (i) (cot 2, ∞ ) ∪ (– ∞ , cot 3), (ii)  ,1 , 
(iii)  ,1 ∪  − 1,− 
  2 
 2   2  
Answer Ex–IV ADVANCED SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
 2n + 5  π π π
3. (a) arc cot  , (b) , (c) arc tan (x + n) – arc tan x, (d) , (e)
 n  4 4 2
π2 π2
4. ( α 2 + β 2 ) (α + β) 5. K = 2, cos , 1 & cos , – 1 6. x = 1, y = 2, & x = 2 ; y = 7
4 4
7. X = Y = 3 − a2 8. (A)–P,Q,R,S ; (B)–P,Q ; (C)–P,R,S ; (D)–P,R,S
 2   2   2  1 

10. (a) (cot 2, ∞ ) ∪ (– ∞, cot 3) , (b)  , 1 , (c)  , 1 ∪  – 1, –  11.  tan , cot 1
2   2   2   2 
     
3π
12. 3388 13. k = 25 14. 15. x ∈ (–1, 1) 16. a ∈ [ −2π, π] – {0}
4
17. A 18. C 19. B 20. D 21. C 22. D
Answer Ex–V JEE PROBLEMS

1. C 2. π 3. x ∈ {–1, 0, 1} 4. x = 1/3 5. B
7. D 8. A 9. (A)→P ; (B)→Q ; (C)→P ; (D)→S 10. C

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INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

THEORY AND EXERCISE BOOKLET

S. N O. TOPIC PAGE NO.

♦ THEORY WITH SOLVED EXAMPLES .............................................................. 3 – 20

♦ EXERCISE - III ................................................................................................. 32 – 46

♦ ANSWER KEY ................................................................................................ 59 – 60

B. DOMAIN & PRINCIPLE VALUE RANGE OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

S.No. Function Domain Pr inciple value range (PVR )

C. GRAPH OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

(e) f : [0, π/2) ∪ (π/2, π] → (–∞, –1] ∪ [1, ∞)

(f) f : [–π/2, 0) ∪ (0, π/2] → (–∞, –1] ∪ [1, ∞)

Basis on the above discussion we get following results : –π / 2

(i) All inverse trigonometric functions shows angle.

Ex.1 Find the domain of the following functions.

D. PROPERTIES OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

(iii) y = tan (tan–1 x) = x (iv) y = cot (cot–1 x) = x

(v) y = cosec (cosec–1 x) = x (vi) y = sec (sec–1 x) = x

(cot x) =  x ; 0 < x < π

Ex.3 Evaluate following

graph of the function and the x − axis.

Ex.5 Evaluate each of the following

tan–1(tan 10) = tan −1 ( tan(10 − 3π) ) = 10 – 3π

cos–1(cos 12) = cos −1 ( cos(4π − 12) ) = 4π – 12

sec–1(sec 9) = sec −1 ( sec(9 − 2π) ) = 9 – 2π

cot–1(cot 6) = cot −1 ( cot( 6 − π) ) = 6 – π

cosec–1(cosec 7) = cosec −1 ( cosec (7 − 2π) ) = 7 – 2π

Ex.7 Find the value of sin–1 (– 3 / 2 ) + cos–1 (cos (7π/6).

(i) ∑ cot α = ∏ cot α , (ii) ∑ tan α · tan β = 1

Ex.17 If u = cos–1 cos 2θ – tan–1 cos 2θ , prove that sin u = tan2θ

1  −3   θ 1 − cos θ 1 cos θ 1 cot θ

 13cosx +12   12(1+cosx )+cosx 

 24cos 2 x +cos 2 x −sin 2 x   25cos 2 x −sin2 x 

E. SIMPLIFIED INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

F. EQUATIONS INVOLVING INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Ex.25 Solve cos–1 x √3 + cos–1x = π/2.

or x√3 = sin cos–1x or x√3 = sin sin–1 1− x 2

or x√3 = 1− x 2 Squaring we get 3x = 1 – x or 4x = 1 ⇒ x = ± 1/2

Verification : When x = 1/2

= π – π/6 + π – π/3 = 3π/2 ≠ R.H.S. of equation ∴ x = 1/2 is the only solution

From (1) and (2) k=1

Ex.28 Solve tan–1 2x + tan–1 3x = 3π/4.

i.e. 5 169 − 144 x 2 = 169 – 12 169 − 25 x 2 = 169

i.e. 25(169 – 144x2) = 1692 – 169 × 24 2

i.e. 25 = 169 + 144 – 24 169 − 25 x 2 i.e. 24 169 − 25 x 2 = 288

i.e. 169 – 25x2 = 144 i.e. x2 = 1 i.e. x=±1

G. INEQUATIONS INVOLVING INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Ex.30 Find the interval in which cos–1 x > sin–1 x.

Ex.31 Find the solution set of the inequation sin–1(sin 5) > x2 – 4x

 2n+ 2   (n+1)(n+ 2)−n(n+1) 

Ex.35 Find the value of 'x' satisfying the equation ,

which gives the same result. Hence L H S = tan -1 x

EXERCISE – I SINGLE CORRECT (OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS)

(A) n (B) –n (C) 0 (D) None of these

10. The set of values of ‘a’ for which Sol.

(A) ( −∞,− 2π ] ∪ [ 2π, ∞ ) (B) ( −∞,− 2π ) ∪ ( 2π, ∞ )

13. The value of

19. The value of

21. The complete solution set of the inequality

20. The smallest and the largest values of

25. Which one of the following correct ?

26. If u = cot–1 tan α – tan

 3 29. The set of values of ‘x’ for which the formula 2

30. The number of solution(s) of the equation,