Sr. Subjective Time Content Teaching & A.

V Evaluation
no. objective Learning Aids
Activity
1. Introduce to 1 Introduction-:
the topic min Three-dimensional representations of real thing reduce large object to
a size convenient for observation and produce interior view of objects
which are normally covered and otherwise invisible. Non-essential are
removed, so that fundamentals can be more readily observed.

2. Define the 1 Definition-: Power-

three min. Teacher point
dimensional given lecture
aids. come
discussion
students are
3. Explain the Procedures for the use of the three-dimensional aids-:
participating
procedures 3 1. Students should have actual firsthand experience-:
for use of min Variety of the three-dimensional materials are used to in class
the three- give the student through
dimensional firsthand experience by direct personal contact. This helps the student taking the
aids. to handle, see and feel the article /object. The more direct the notes.
experience, the more educative it is likely to become.
2. Teacher and student should have a definite objective-:
The teacher should have a definite purpose in mind for
utilization of
sensory aids. Similarly, the student should recognize and learn to
appropriate the purpose of aids. It is the responsibility of the teacher to
guide the student in sensitizing the skill to observe in a particular
object. Because observation alone is not educative, teacher should
stimulate students for reflective thinking if learning has to take place.
3. Students should be stimulated for further inquiry-:
Study of three-dimensional aids should satisfy the
immediate need of the
Students. It is not suffice if students receive experience only from
 seeing, handling and generalizing about aids, instead all such
experiences should be integrated with the past, present and future Power-
considerations of the materials presented by the particular class. point

Uses of three-dimensional materials-:

 To give student correct initial concepts at the time he/she first
learns of an object or process.
 To clarify a concept in the student’s mind. Clear-cut images
result from seeing an object and so give meaning to words
which name the object.
 To intensify and vitalize an object in student’s mind. The
4. Explain the presence of three-dimensional media can transfer such
types of attributes as form, size, colour, motion and characteristics to Chart
three the students mind, thereby intensifying the subject matter
dimensional under consideration.
aids.  To provide concrete experiences. Use of three-dimensional
materials combats the tendency of the teacher to become too
5. abstract in the classroom.
Define
models and Types of three-dimensional aids-:
explain the 1. Models
types of 2. Puppet
models. 3. Objects and specimen Teacher
given lecture
Models-: come
Definition-: discussion
“ A model is a recognizable representation of a real thing three students are
dimensionally, that is height, width and depth is felt as reality.” participating
Power-
in class point
Types of model-:
through
1. Solid model-:
It is the replica of an original thing made with some taking the
suitable material like clay, notes.
plaster of Paris, wood, iron etc. To show the external parts of the
 things, e.g. globe, clay model of human and animal.
2. Cutaway and X-ray model-:
These are the replicas of the original thing to show internal
parts of a thing.
6. Cross sectional models are difficult to make in the class room or
instructions as they require expertise to construct them. For ex. Cross
List down sectional model of human body.
the function 3. Working model-:
of the These models are either actual working things or their
7. models. miniature replicas for
illustrating an operation, e.g. a motor, a generator.
4. Sand model-:
Discuss It is made by using sand, clay, saw dust and other objects Power-
about the to show trees, point
advantages building, river etc. e.g. a tribal village, a forest area.
and dis
advantages Function of the models-:
of models.  Models simplify reality.
 Models concretize abstract concept.
 A model enables to reduce or enlarge objects to an observable
size.
 A working model will secure immediate attention and serve as
motivation to learn.
Advantages of three-dimensional aids-:
 It explain the complex and intricate operation in a simplified
way and thus makes comprehension easier.
8.  These are lasting and ultimately work out to be cheaper
teaching aids.
 Still models are easy to make with the help of discarded
Define materials like empty boxes, pins, clips, nails and clay.
puppets and  These are to reasonable size and convenient to handle.
explain the  It involves the use of all the five senses and thus makes learning
types of the effective.
puppets.  It heightens reality of things and make learning direct and
 meaningful as they are three-dimensional.
 It illustrates the application side of certain principles and laws.
Disadvantages of models-: Power-
 It require expertise to make. point
 Time consuming.
 Some of the models may be very expensive.

Puppets-: Teacher
Definition-: given lecture
“ A puppet is a manipulative doll dressed as a character and come
performer is a person termed as a puppeteer. A good puppeteer has to discussion
blend his art with dramatization to produce the desired effects”. It is students are
used as an effective teaching aid for languages and social sciences.
participating
Types of puppets-:
in class
1. String or marionettes puppets-: through
9. Marionettes consist of puppets with hinged body parts taking the
which are notes.
controlled by nine strings produces required movement in the puppet. Power-
Describe the These puppets are mainly manipulated by professional puppeteers. points
uses of the 2. Stick puppets-:
puppets. Stick puppets are the painted cut attached by stick.
The actions of these puppets are manipulated by the teacher and
students by hiding behind a screen so that only puppets are visible to
the audience or the class.
3. Shadow puppets-:
Shadow puppets are silhouettes of cardboard which
produce shadows on
white screen. The motion of these silhouettes is manipulated by the
10. teacher and students.
4. Fingers of hand puppets-:
Hand puppets are round balls painted as heads with
Discuss overflowing colourful
about the costumes. These are worn on fingers which operate their movements.
 advantages These are operated from below the stage.
and dis
advantages Uses of puppets-:
of the I. It develops-:
puppets. a. Effective listening and looking skills.
b. Group co-operation.
c. Feeling of security and confidence.
11. d. Co-operation and self control.
e. Understand subject content.
II. It promotes-:
a. Creative ability.
Define b. Developmental learning in language and in the fine arts. Power-
objects and c. Experimentation in the use of language rhythm. point
specimen. d. Self expression.

Advantages-:
12. 1. It create interest in students. Teacher
2. It give the knowledge in a brief period. given lecture
3. It is an effective method in teaching. come
4. It motivates the students. discussion
5. It is easy to carry and operate.
students are
List down
participating
the sources Disadvantages-:
of the 1. Needs group cooperation and coordination. in class
objects and 2. Requires skill in preparation and supply. through
specimens. 3. Skills needed in presentation. taking the
notes.
13. Objects and specimens-:
1. Objects-:
Brought from its natural setting into the class-room to
supply the type of
sensory experience that will make instruction more meaningful, void
and impressive. They make a direct appeal to the senses, e.g. splints,
Explain the forceps, and thermometers.
 rule of using
objects and 2. Specimen-:
14. specimen. Art of real objects taken from the natural setting. It is
simple and shows quality or structure e.g. section of lung.

Sources of objects and specimens-:

 Local markets.
 Manufacturer and factories.
Discuss  Discarded materials from the houses.
about the  Specimen found in the nature can be collected by students
objects and from field trips and nature hunt
specimens.  Plaster cast can be purchased.
 Wild flowers, leaves, shells, stones, butterflies moths, insects
can also be procured.

Rules of using objects and specimens-:

1. Plan your teaching with certain simple and direct observations
of the object or specimen being referred to.
15 2. Ask question from the student to elicit more details and
features of the object or specimen under observation.
3. Clarify and emphasize important structural details of the object
or specimen under observation.
4. Provide review and practice to make learning permanent.

Advantages-:
 Collection of objects and specimens become an interesting Teacher
educational pursuit of the teacher and students a like. given lecture
 Students power of observation and first hand experiences is come
enhanced by collection of objects and specimen. discussion
 Student personal collection of objects and specimens can be students are
good source of doing investigatory projects. participating
 collection of objects and specimens by students requires in class
interaction with other leading to development of social skills through
and values.
  Students when collect and display objects and specimens derive taking the
satisfaction of controlling to the school and teacher something notes.
worthwhile.
 It arouses some interest among students in learning.
 Objects and specimens involve all the five sense in the process
of learning.
 It makes teaching lively.
 It heightens the reality in the class room.

Summary-:
As the part of my i have conducted seminar on program
instruction and in that i have explained about the introduction,
definition, Procedures for the use, Uses, types, models, puppets,
objectives and specimen.

Conclusion:- At the end of the class student will be able to

explain;
1. Introduction
2. Definition
3. Procedures for the use.
4. Uses
5. Types
6. Model-:
 Definition
 Types
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
7. Puppet
 Definition
 Types
 Uses
 Advantages
  Disadvantages
8. Objects and specimen
 Definition
 Sources
 Rules of using
16.  Advantages

References-:
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1ST, PULISHED BY, CBS PULISHERS & DISTRIBUTORS NEW
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 BASVANTHAPPA BT, NURSING EDUCTION, PUBLISHED BY
JAYPEE BROTHERS, 2nd EDITION.
 R PRAMILAA, NURSING COMMUNICATION AND
EDUCATION TECNOLOGY, PUBLISHED BY JAYPEE
BROTHERS.
 SHARMA KUMAR DINESH, COMMUNICATION AND
EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY, PUBLISHED BY LOTUS
PUBLUISHERS, 2nd EDITION.
 NEERJA KP, TEXTBOOK OF NURSING EDUCTION,
PUBLISHED BY JAYPEE BROTHERS.
 GAUTTAM KUMAR VIJAY, COMMUNICATION AND
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY FOR NURSES, PUBLISHED BY
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 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/
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