IMPULSE and MOMENTUM

☻ the strength or force that something has when it Car A, being faster, is more difficult to stop. It has
is moving more momentum.

☻ the quantity of motion of a moving body,

measured as a product of its mass and velocity.

☻ the strength or force that allows something to

continue or to grow stronger or faster as time
passes Where p= momentum, m=mass, v=velocity
☻ the property that a moving object has due to its
mass and its motion.
Sample Problem

☻ Find the momentum of a 14-kg object moving at

Consider a cargo truck with a mass of 10, 000 kg 7.5 m/s?
travelling at a velocity of 40 km/hr and a small car
with a mass of 2, 000 kg travelling at the same ☻ Given: m=14 kg, v=7.5 m/s
velocity. If two vehicles suddenly lose their breaks
and crash against the brick wall, which do you think ☻ Find: p=?
would be more damaging? ☻ Solution: p=mv

=(14 kg)(7.5 m/s)

=105 kg m/s

☻ Changes in momentum happen every time. A

fast moving car that suddenly stops might have
damaging effect.

☻ Which of the two toy vehicles was more difficult

to stop – the lighter one or the heavier one?

--The heavier one is more difficult to stop. This

is because it possesses a greater inertia in motion
which depends on an object’s mass and velocity.

☻ For objects moving at the same velocity, a more Imagine that a force of 2.0 N is applied to an
massive object has a greater inertia in motion object for 3.0 s. Here is how to calculate that
therefore a greater momentum. Momentum impulse:
depends on two factors, mass and velocity.

--Consider the two identical cars. Car A is

traveling at 80 km/h while Car B is traveling at 30
km/h.
Sample Problem
☻ Which of the two cars would be more difficult to
stop? Which of the two cars has more ☻ Tiger Woods hits a 0.02 kg golf ball, giving it a
momentum? speed of 25 m/s. What impulse does he impart to
the ball?

☻ Given:
☻ M = 0.02 kg v= 25m/s-0 =25m/s Where

☻ Find: I ☻ m1 and m2 are the masses of the objects.

☻ Solution: Since the golf ball is initially at rest, ☻ v1 and v2 are the initial velocities of the objects.
the initial velocity is equal to zero.
☻ v3 is the common velocity with which the
☻ Thus, I = p =m v objects move.

= (0.02kg) (25m/s) Collision-eFFECTS

= 0.50 kg-m/s or 0.50Ns

Collision
☻ Is an encounter between two objects resulting in
exchange of impulse and momentum.

Conservation of Momentum
☻ -imagine two billiard balls of different speeds
collide head on. Can we predict what will
happen after the collision?
The Seat Belt Act
☻ -Momentum can be used to predict the motion of
The Seat Belt Act of 1999 (RA 8750) was enacted in
the balls after they collide.
August 1999. This law requires the mandatory
☻ -This is due to the fact that, the total momentum compliance of all motorists- driver and passengers
is conserved. alike of both private and public vehicle to wear seat
belts.
☻ The total momentum before the collision is the
same as the total momentum after collision This specifically applies to the driver and front seat
assuming that there are no external forces passenger while they are inside the vehicle with a
acting on the system. running engine on any road.

☻ When two or more objects act on each other, This law aims to lessen the injuries or deaths of
their total momentum remains constant, passengers brought about by vehicular accidents.
provided the net external force is zero.

☻ If there are only two objects involved in the

collision, then the momentum lost by one object
equals the momentum gained by the other
object.
Inelastic Collision
☻ -occurs when two objects collide and move
together as one mass with the same velocity.
If you are in a car that suddenly stops, and you are
not wearing seatbelt, your momentum will make you
carry on at the same speed as you are travelling until
you hit a solid object (windshield, dashboard, or
steering wheel). In this case you can suffer fatal
injuries.

☻ Two objects stick together and move as one
mass after collision.
Elastic Collision
☻ -two objects collide and move separately.
By using a seatbelt, the impulse will occur over a
longer time interval to red involved whenever a car
collision happens.

☻ -two objects return to their original shape and

move away from the collision.

Formula Inelastic
m1v1 + m2v2 =(m1+m2 )v3