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Electrostatic solitary structures in a nonthermal plasma

Conference Paper · January 2007

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34th EPS Conference on Plasma Phys. Warsaw, 2 - 6 July 2007 ECA Vol.31F, P-5.023 (2007)

ELECTROSTATIC SOLITARY STRUCTURES IN

A NONTHERMAL PLASMA
K. Annou1, S. Bahamida1,2 and R. Annou1
1
Theoretical physics laboratory, faculty of physics,USTHB
BP 32, El Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria.
2
Faculty of sciences, Dep. Physics, UMB Boumerdes, Algeria
Abstract
An investigation on the effect of dust temperature and dust streaming on dust acoustic solitary
waves in unmagnetized dusty plasma, whose constituents are inertial charged dust grains,
non-thermal electrons and ions has been conducted. Sagdeev pseudo potential method which
takes into account the full nonlinearity of plasma equations is used here to study solitary wave
solution.
Introduction
Dusty plasma are responsible for introduction of a new ultraslow frequency domain of wave
modes and instabilities, the most popular of these being the dust acoustic wave (DAW) first
reported by Rao et al. [1]. Many authors have adopted non-thermal velocity distribution in
nonlinear plasma studies. Cairns et al. [2] proposed that the non-thermal electrons in a two
component model comprising Boltzmann ions as well, could support the simultaneous
existence of solitary waves with both positive and negative potential. Mamun et al. [3]
employed a model comprising non-thermal ions and negatively charged dust and reported that
solitary waves with positive and negative potential can coexist. K. Annou and R. Annou [4]
employed a model comprising non-thermal ions distribution with inertial dust fluid and
Boltzmann distribution electrons, leads to the possibility of co-existence of large amplitude
compressive as well as refractive dust acoustic solitary. In this work, we consider dust
temperature and streaming and study their effect on the properties of dust acoustic waves in
nonthermal plasma.
Formulation
We consider three-component dusty plasma with extremely massive, micron-sized, negatively
charged dust grains, nonthermal distributed electrons and ions. The quasi-neutrality at
equilibrium is written as, N i 0 N e 0  Z d N d 0 where, N i 0 , N e 0 and N d 0 are the unperturbed ion,

electron and dust densities respectively, and Z d 0 being the number of elementary charges
residing on the dust grain. The electrons and ions are nonthermal there distributions are given
by
34th EPS 2007; K. Annou et al. : Electrostatic Solitary Structures In a Nonthermal Plasma 2 of 4

§ eI § eI · · § eI ·
Ne N e 0 ¨1  E e  E e ¨¨ ¸¸ ¸ exp¨¨ ¸¸ (1)
¨ ¸
© T e © e ¹¹
T © Te ¹

§ eI § eI · · § eI ·
Ni N i 0 ¨1  E i  E i ¨¨ ¸¸ ¸ exp¨¨  ¸¸ (2)
¨ ¸
© Ti © Ti ¹ ¹ © Ti ¹

4De(i)
where, Ee(i) D e (i ) define the population of non-thermal electrons (ions)
13De(i)

Arbitrary amplitude solitary structures

In this section we will be looking for arbitrary large amplitude solutions of the nonlinear
equations system. The normalised governing equations of the plasma evolution are given by,
wnd w
 nd u d  0 (3)
wt wx
wu d wu d w) V wP
 ud  (4)
wt wx wx n d wx

wP wP wu
 ud  3P d 0 (5)
wt wx wx

w 2)
nd 
ne0
 
1  E e G  E e G 2 ) 2 exp G ) -
ni0
 
1  E i  E i ) 2 exp  )  (6)
wx 2 Z d nd 0 Z d nd0

where, G Ti Te is the normalized electron temperature, V Td Zd Ti is the normalized dust

temperature, nd is the dust density normalized by nd 0 and ne ni  are the electron and ion
number densities both normalized by Z d nd 0 , u d is the dust fluid velocity normalized by the dust
acoustic speed Cd Zd kBTi md 1/ 2 , P is the dust pressure normalized by nd 0 k BTd , I is the
electrostatic wave potential normalized by k BTi e , the space variable is normalized by
O k T
B i 4SZ d2 e 2 nd 0 
1/ 2
and time normalized by inverse dust plasma frequency Zpd1 md 4Se2 Z d2 nd 0  .

For solitary wave solutions, we transform to the stationary frame [ x  Mt where M is the
Mach number (the solitary wave velocity normalized by dust acoustic speed Cd )
We have imposed appropriate boundary conditions for the localized disturbances,
viz., ) o 0, u d o u d 0 where u d 0 is the equilibrium dust drift speed, P o 1 and nd o 1 at [ o rf ,

equations (3) and (4) can be integrated to give

ud 0  M
nd (7)
ud  M

P nd3 (8)
Combining (3), (4), (7) and (8), one gets

>3V n d
 u d 0  M  nd3
2
@ wwn[ d w)
w[
(9)
34th EPS 2007; K. Annou et al. : Electrostatic Solitary Structures In a Nonthermal Plasma 3 of 4

Integrating (9), and using the same boundary conditions at [ o rf , we obtain a quadratic

equation in nd2 ,viz.

>
3 V nd4  M  ud 0   3 V  2) nd2  M  ud 0 
2
@ 2
0 (10)

The solution for nd is given by,

2
§ ·
1 V1 2) 2) ¸  4V0
2
nd u 1  ¨1  (11)
2 V0 M - u d0 V1
2 2 ¨
©
2

M - ud 0 V 12 ¸¹ V 14 

3V
where, V 0 and V 1 1  V 02
M  u  d0
2

The nature of solutions of this equation is seen by introducing Sagdeev potential. This (6) can
be rewritten in the form
2
1 § w) ·
¨ ¸  V)  0 (12)
2 ¨© w[ ¸¹

where the Sageedv potential V)  is given by

V)  I e )   I i )   I d )  (13)

where,

I e ) 
ne0 1
Z d nd G

>1  3 E e  1  exp G)  - - 3 E e G )  E e G 2 ) 2 exp G)   @

I i ) 
ni 0
Z d nd

>1  3E i 1  exp )  - 3 E i )  E i ) 2 exp )   @
3 / 2
1/ 2
º
V1 ª­° ª­
1/ 2
V 2 ½° ­° 2½ 2½
Id ) M  ud 0  2
«®1  1  4 04 ¾  ®<)  <)  4 V04 °¾ »  2 2 V3 u «°®1  1  4 V04 °¾
2

2 «¬°̄ V1 °¿ °̄ V1 °¿ » V1 «°̄ V1 °¿
¼ ¬
­°
3 / 2
½ º
<)2  4 V04 °¾
2
 ®<)  »
°̄ V1 °¿ »
¼

and <  )  1  2) .
 M  ud 0  V 12
2

The solitary wave solutions of (13) exist if we have (i) d 2 V d) 2 ) 0  0 so that the fixed point
at the origin is unstable, (ii) V)   0 when 0  )  ) max for positive solitary waves and
) min  )  0 for negative solitary waves where ) max  min  is the maximum (minimum) value ) for

which V)  0 and (iii) d 3 V d) 3 ) 0 ! 0 0 for solitary waves with ) ! 0 0 .

 34th EPS 2007; K. Annou et al. : Electrostatic Solitary Structures In a Nonthermal Plasma 4 of 4

Results
The Sagdeev potential V )  versus ) for different values of M using equation (13) is
plotted. It is seen that a potential well exists on the side ) d 0 for V 0.02 and
1.400 d M d 1.473 . This indicates that solitary wave solution exists for this rang of Mach
number. It is shown that when we have dust streaming we need a higher value of critical
Mach number to have soliton. It is clearly seen from Fig2, that the width of the soliton
increase and the amplitude decrease as the dust temperature increases. It is also shown that for
(De 0 ,D i 0 ) and ( D e 0.25 , D i 0 ) soliton don’t propagate. Furthermore, it is seen that

the potential well is deeper for smaller value of dust temperature V .

Fig.1 : V )  vs ) for V 0.02 . Fig.2 : V )  vs for M 1.450Fig.3: V )  vs for M 1.450

References
[1] N. N. Rao, P. K. Shukla, and M. Y. Yu., Planet Space Sci. 38, 543. (1990).
[2] R.A. Cairns, A. A. Mamun and R.Bingham, Geophys.Rev.lett. 22,2709-2712. (1995).
[3] A. A. Mamun, R. A. Cairns, and P. K.Shukla, Phys. Plasmas 3, 2610. (1996).
[4] K.Annou and R.Annou ICPCD4, Orleans, France (2004).

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