Tutorial 1

Q.1 In an engine working on ideal Otto cycle the temperature at the beginning and end of
compression are 500C and 3730C. Find the compression ratio and air-standard efficiency
of the engine.

Q.2 Fuel supplied to an SI engine has a calorific value 42000kJ/kg. The pressure in the
cylinder at 30% and 70% of the compression stroke are 1.3 bar and 2.6 bar respectively.
Assuming that the compression follows the law pV1.3 = constant. Find the compression
ratio. If the relative efficiency of the engine compared with the air-standard efficiency is
50%. Calculate the fuel consumption in kg/kWh.

Q.3 A gas engine operating on the ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 6:1. The
pressure and temperature at the commencement of compression are 1 bar and 270C. Heat
added during the constant volume combustion process is 1170 kJ/kg. Determine the peak
pressure and temperature, work output per kg of air and air-standard efficiency. Assume
Cv = 0.717 kJ/ kg K and γ = 1.4 for air.

Q.4 Determine the ideal efficiency of the diesel engine having a cylinder with bore 250 mm,
stroke 375 mm and a clearance volume of 1500 cc, with fuel cut-off occurring at 5% of
the stroke. Assume γ = 1.4 for air.

Q.5 A diesel cycle operates at a pressure of 1 bar at the beginning of compression and the
volume is compressed to 1/16 of the initial volume. Heat is supplied until the volume is
twice that of the clearance volume. Calculate the mean effective pressure of the cycle.
Take γ = 1.4.

Q.6 The mean effective pressure of an ideal Diesel cycle is 8 bar. If the initial pressure is
1.03 bar and the compression ratio is 12, determine the cut-off ratio and the air-standard
efficiency. Assume ratio of specific heats for air to be 1.4.

Q.7 An air –standard Dual cycle has a compression ratio of 10. The pressure and temperature
at the beginning of compression are 1 bar and 270C. The maximum pressure reached is
42 bars and the maximum temperature is 15000C. Determine (i) the temperature at the
end of constant volume heat addition (ii) cut-off ratio (iii) work done per kg of air and
(iv) the cycle efficiency. Assume Cp = 1.004 kJ/ kg K and Cv = 0.717 kJ/ kg K for air.

Q.8 A four cylinder engine running at 1200 rpm delivers 20kW. The average torque when
one cylinder was cut is 110 Nm. Find the indicated thermal efficiency if the calorific
value of the fuel is 43 MJ/ kg and the engine uses 360 grams of gasoline per kWh.

Q.9 Find the air-fuel ratio of a four-stroke, single cylinder, air-cooled engine with fuel
consumption time for 10 cc is 20.4 s and air consumption time for 0.1 m 3 is 16.3 s. The
load is 17 kg at the speed of 3000 rpm. Find also brake specific fuel consumption in
g/kWh and brake thermal efficiency. Assume the density of air as 1.175 kg/m 3 and
specific gravity of fuel to be 0.7. The lower heating value of fuel is 43 MJ/ kg and the
dynamometer constant is 5000.
Q.10 A six-cylinder, gasoline engine operates on the four-stroke cycle. The bore of each
cylinder is 80 mm and the stroke 100 mm. The clearance volume per cylinder is 70 cc.
At a speed of 4000 rpm the fuel consumption is 20 kg/h and the torque developed is
150Nm. Calculate (i) the brake power (ii) the brake mean effective pressure (iii) brake
thermal efficiency if the calorific value of the fuel is 43000 kJ/kg and (iv) the relative
efficiency on a brake power basis assuming the engine works on the constant volume
cycle. Take γ = 1.4 for air.

Q.11 The following details were noted in a test on a four-cylinder, four-stroke engine,
diameter = 100 mm; stroke = 120 mm; speed of the engine = 1600 rpm; fuel
consumption = 0.2 kg/min; calorific value of fuel is 44000 kJ/kg; difference in tension
on either side of the brake pulley = 40 kg; brake circumference is 300 cm. If the
mechanical efficiency is 80%, calculate (i) brake thermal efficiency (ii) indicated
thermal efficiency (iii) indicated mean effective pressure and (iv) brake specific fuel
consumption.

Q.12 A six cylinder, four-stroke gasoline engine having a bore of 90 mm and stroke of 100
mm has a compression ration 7. The relative efficiency is 55% when the indicated
specific fuel consumption is 300 gm/k Wh. Estimate (i) the calorific value of the fuel
and (ii) corresponding fuel consumption, given that imep is 8.5 bar and speed is 2500
rpm.

Q.13 The following observations were made during a trial of a single-cylinder, four stroke
cycle gas engine having cylinder diameter of 18 cm and stroke 24 cm.
Duration of trial = 30 min
Total number of revolution = 9000
Total number of explosion = 4450
Mean effective pressure = 5 bar
Net load on the brake wheel = 40 kg
Effective diameter of brake wheel = 1 m
Total gas used at NTP = 2.4 m3
Calorific value of gas at NTP = 19MJ/ m3
Total air used= 36 m3
Pressure of air = 720 mm Hg
Temperature of air = 170C
Density of air at NTP =1.29 kg/m3
Temperature of exhaust gases = 3500C
Room Temperature = 170C
Specific heat of exhaust gas = 1kJ/ kg K
Cooling water circulated =80 kg
Rise in temperature of cooling water = 300C
Draw up a heat balance sheet and estimate the mechanical and indicated thermal
efficiencies of the engine. Take R = 387 J/ kg K.
Q.14 A test on a two-stroke engine gave the following results at full load:
Speed = 350 rpm
Net brake load = 65 kg
Mean effective pressure = 3 bar
Fuel consumption = 4 kg/h
Jacket cooling water flow rate = 500 kg/hr
Jacket water temperature at inlet = 200C
Jacket water temperature at outlet = 400C
Test room temperature = 200C
Temperature of exhaust gases = 4000C
Air used per kg of fuel = 32kg
Cylinder diameter = 22 cm
Stroke = 28 cm
Effective diameter of brake wheel = 1 m
Calorific value of fuel = 43MJ/ kg
Proportion of hydrogen in fuel = 15%
Mean specific heat of dry exhaust gas = 1 kJ/ kg K
Mean specific heat of Steam = 2.1 kJ/ kg K
Sensible heat of water at room temperature = 60 kJ/ kg
Latent heat of steam = 2250 kJ/ kg
Find ip, bp and prepare a heat balance sheet for the test in kJ / min and in percentage.