Assignment No.

2
Subject: Adv. I. C. Engines
Course Coordinator: Dr. J. G. Suryawanshi
Topics Covered: 1) Carburetor & MPFI 2) Diesel Injection System & CRDI 3) Lubrication,
Ignition and Cooling 4) Combustion and chambers 5) Measurement and testing 6) Engine
Performance

1 An automobile carburetor having its float chamber vented to the atmosphere is

tested in the factory without an air cleaner at sea-level conditions, the main
metering system of this carburetor is found to yield a fuel-air ratio of 0.065. The
venturi throat pressure is 0.84 bar. This carburetor is now installed in an automobile
and an air cleaner is placed on the inlet to the carburetor. With the engine operating
at 230 kg/h air consumption and at sea-level conditions, there is found to be a
pressure drop through the air filter of 0.035 bar. Assuming z = 0 and orifice
coefficients constant, calculate
(i) the venturi throat pressure with air cleaner
(ii) fuel-air ratio with air cleaner
Assume that the flow through the carburetor is incompressible.
2 A four-stroke gasoline engine with a swept volume of 5 litres has a volumetric
efficiency of 75% when running at 3000 rpm. The engine is fitted with a carburetor
which has a choke diameter of 35 mm. Assuming the conditions of a simple
carburetor and neglecting the effects of compressibility, calculate the pressure and
the air velocity at the choke. Take the coefficient of discharge at the throat as 0.85
and take the atmospheric conditions as 1bar and 27 ◦C.
3. Discuss MPFI and CRDI
4. A six-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine develops a power of 200 kW at 2000 rpm.
The bsf c is 0.2 kg/kW h. At the beginning of injection, pressure is 35 bar and the
maximum cylinder pressure is 55 bar. The injection is expected to be at 180 bar and
maximum pressure at the injector is set to be about 520 bar. Assuming the
following:
Cd for injector = 0.75
S.G. of fuel = 0.85
Atmospheric pressure = 1 bar
Effective pressure = Average pressure difference difference over the injection period
(i) Determine the total orifice area required per injector if the injection takes place
over 16◦ crank angles.
5. At injection pressure of 180 bar a spray penetration of 30 cm in 22 milliseconds is
obtained. If an injection pressure of 240 bar had been used, what would have been
the time taken to penetrate the same distance. Assume the same orifice and
combustion chamber density. The
combustion chamber pressure is 30 bar. Use the relation:
S ∝ t* sq. root of (Δp)
where S is penetration in cm t is time in millisecond Δp is the pressure difference
between injection pressure and combustion chamber pressure
6. Before commencement of the effective stroke the fuel in the pump barrel of a diesel
fuel injection pump is 7 cc. The diameter of the fuel line from pump to injector is 3
mm and is 600 mm long. The fuel in the injection valve is 3 cc.
 (i) To deliver 0.10 cc of fuel at a pressure of 150 bar, how much displacement the
plunger undergoes? Assume a pump inlet pressure of 1 bar.
(ii) What is the effective stroke of the plunger if its diameter is 6 mm?
(iii) Assume coefficient of compressibility of oil as 78 × 10−6 at atmospheric
pressure.
7. Explain Lubrication, Ignition and Cooling system of IC Engines.
8. Explain the phenomenon of knock in CI engines and compare it with SI engine knock.
9. What is delay period and what are the factors that affect it?
10 Briefly explain the stages of combustion in SI engines elaborating the flame front
. propagation.
11 Explain the effect of various engine variables on SI engine knock.
.
12 With a neat sketch, explain an Eddy current dynamometer.
.
13 Enumerate the advantage of gravimetric fuel flow measurement over volumetric
. fuel flow measurement.
14 A four-stroke gas engine having a cylinder of 250 mm diameter and stroke 450 mm
. has a volumetric efficiency of 80%, ratio of air to gas is 8 to 1, calorific value of gas is
20 MJ/m3 at NTP. Find the heat supplied to the engine per working cycle. If the
compression ratio is 5, what
is the heating value of the mixture per working stroke per m3 of total cylinder
volume?
15 An eight-cylinder SI engine with 90 mm bore and 110 mm stroke produces 100 kW
. at a mean piston speed of 660 m/min at full throttle and the bsf c is 0.39 kg/kW h.
What will be the power produced by the engine and the bsf c when the engine runs
with a mean piston speed of 440 m/min with the throttle set at the same position.
The fuel-air ratio and spark timing are adjusted for best power at each speed. From
experimental curves of similar engine it is found that for the given percentage
reduction in piston speed the air capacity of the engine is reduced by 20%. Friction
mep at piston speeds of 660 and 440 m/min are 1.9 and 1.2 bar respectively.
16 A six-cylinder petrol engine of 100 mm bore and 125 mm stroke was run at full
throttle at a constant speed of 1500 rpm over the practical range of air-fuel ratio,
and the following results were deduced from the series:

The engine has a compression ratio of 5. The fuel used has a calorific value of 44300
kJ/kg and the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio is 14.5. Plot on a base of air-fuel ratio,
curves of brake mean effective pressure and the specific fuel consumption. Point out
these characteristics of petrol engine in general and this engine in particular,
revealed by these curves. Calculate the highest brake thermal efficiency given by
 these tests.
17 In a test the percentage analysis of petrol is found to be C = 83.2%; H = 14.3% O2 =
. 2.5%. Calculate the mixture strength theoretically required for complete combustion
of this fuel. Tests were conducted on a petrol engine at full throttle and constant
speed, the quantity of fuel supplied to the engine being varied by means of an
adjustable needle valve fitted to the jet of the carburettor. The results obtained
were as follows:

Calorific value of fuel is 42 MJ/kg. Find the mixture strength for maximum brake
power and maximum thermal efficiency.
18 The following set of observations refer to a trial on a single-cylinder, four-stroke
. solid injection diesel engine of 200 mm bore and 400 mm stroke; gross mep = 6.20
bar, pumping mep = 0.44 bar, speed 262 rpm, brake torque = 468 Nm; fuel used 3.85
kg of oil per hour of gross calorific
value 46600 kJ/kg, cooling water 6 kg/min raised 47 ◦C. Draw up a heat balance
sheet for the trial expressing various quantitative in kJ/min and calculate the
mechanical efficiency of the engine. If the fuel contains 13.5% H2 (by mass) and the
air supply to the engine 1.71 kg/min at
17 ◦C. Estimate the heat carried away per minute by the exhaust gases when their
temperature is 280 ◦C. Assume a mean specific heat of 1 kJ/kg and specific heat of
fuel to be 4 kJ/kg K. Take sensible heat of air and fuel also in the heat balance.