CHAPTER 2 : MOTION &ENERGY

Vectors

1. Scalar is a quantity that does not need: 5. For linear motion, the angle between the velocity
A value and acceleration vectors is:
B magnitude
C direction A always 0 o
D unit B always 180o
C 0 o or 180o
D always 90o
2. Vector is a quantity that needs:
A direction only
B magnitude only
C unit only
D magnitude and direction
6. Adding two perpendicular vectors (𝑨 ⃗⃗ ) and ( ⃗𝑩
⃗)
3. Example of a scalar is: ⃗⃗ ) with magnitude:
gives a resultant (𝑹
A velocity A-R = √𝑨 + 𝑩 
𝟐 𝟐
B distance B-R = A2 + B2
C acceleration C- R = √𝐴 + 𝐵
‫محصلة أي متجهين‬
D force D- R = 1 / √𝐴2 + 𝐵2 ‫تحسب‬ ‫متعامدين‬
‫مقدارها من نظرية‬
4. Example of a vector is: ‫فيثاغورس‬
A velocity
B distance
C speed
D time

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7. Two perpendicular forces, F1 = 40 N and F2 = 30 N, 11. A horse gallops (‫ )يجري‬a distance of 10 kilometers
act on a brick. The magnitude of the net force (Fnet) in 30 minutes. Its average speed is:
on the brick is: A 15 km/h
A 70 N 𝒅 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒎 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎
B 20 km/h ̅= =
𝒗 = = 𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝒎/𝒉
𝒕 𝟏 𝟏
B 50 N C 30 km/h 𝒉
𝟐
C0N D 40 km/h
D 10 N

12. A car maintains a constant velocity of 100 km/h

𝑹= √(𝑭𝟐𝟏 + 𝑭𝟐𝟐 ) = √(𝟒𝟎𝟐 + 𝟑𝟎𝟐 ) for 10 seconds. During this interval its acceleration
is:
= √𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 = 𝟓𝟎 𝐍 A 0 km/h2 ‫بما ان الجسم خالل حركته كانت سرعته‬
B 1 km/h2 ‫ثابتة واتجاه ثابت (خط مستقيم ) فذلك يعني‬
C 10 km/h2 . ‫ان التسارع يساوي الصفر‬
D 100 km/h2
8. If an airplane heading north with speed vp = 400
km/h faces a westbound wind )‫ )رياح نحو الغرب‬of speed
⃗)
vA = 300 km/h, the resultant velocity of the plane (𝑽
13. While an object near Earth's surface is in free
is:
fall, its ____________ increases:
A 500 km/h, north-west
A velocity
B 700 km/h, north-east
B acceleration
C 500 km/h, north-east
C mass
D 700 km/h, north-west
D height

𝑹 = √(𝒗𝟐𝒑 + 𝒗𝟐𝑨 )
14. The speed at a specific moment is called
= √(𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟐 + 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟐 ) __________ speed:
= √𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐍 A average
B instantaneous
C initial
D final

9. Decomposing (or resolving) a vector (𝑨⃗⃗ ) into two

components in perpendicular directions (Ax and Ay) 15. Acceleration is the rate of change in:
gives : A force
A -Ax + Ay = A B distance
B- Ax + Ay = A2 C speed
C- Ax2 + Ay2 = A D velocity
D- Ax2 + Ay2 = A2

Linear Motion, Velocity, Acceleration 16. If the speed is constant, the acceleration must be:
A constant
B zero
‫الن التسارع كمية متجهة فلكي يكون‬
10. To calculate an object’s average speed we need C negative
to know the: D unknown ‫صفر فالبد ان تكون السرعة واالتجاه‬
A acceleration and time ) ‫ثابت ( أي خط مستقيم‬
B velocity and time
C distance and time
D velocity and distance

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17. A car moves along a straight road with constant 23. If a stone drops in a free fall from the edge of a high
acceleration. If its initial and final speeds are vi =10 cliff, its speed after 5 seconds is:
m/s, vf = 20 m/s, its average speed is: A 10 m/s
A 12 m/s B 40 m/s ‫سرعة الجسم الساقط سقوط حر في أي لحظة من‬
B 15 m/s 𝒗𝒊 + 𝒗𝒇 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟐𝟎 𝟑𝟎 C 50 m/s ‫سقوطه من بدء السقوط‬
̅=
𝒗 = =
C 10 m/s 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 D 100 m/s 𝒗 = 𝒈𝒕 = 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟓 = 𝟓𝟎 𝒎/𝒔
D 20 m/s = 𝟏𝟓 𝒎/𝒔

18. If an object in linear motion moves a distance of 24. If a stone drops in a free fall from the edge of a
20m in 5 seconds, its average speed is: high cliff, the distance it covers after 4 seconds is:
A 4 m/s A 40 m
B 5 m/s 𝒅 𝟐𝟎 B 80 m ‫المسافة التي يقطعها جسم يسقط سقوط حرفي أي لحظة من بدء‬
̅= =
𝒗 = 𝟒 𝒎/𝒔 C 120 m ‫السقوط‬
C 10 m/s 𝒕 𝟓
D 20 m/s D 160 m
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
𝒅= 𝒈𝒕 = × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝒕𝟐 = 𝟓 × 𝒕𝟐 = 𝟓 × 𝟒𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
= 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟖𝟎 𝒎

19. If an object is in linear motion, and its speed

changes from 10 m/s to 20 m/s in 10 seconds, its
acceleration is:
A 20 m/s2 25. If an object in free fall has an initial speed of 10
∆ 𝒗 𝒗𝒇 − 𝒗𝒊 𝟐𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
B 10 m/s2 𝐚= = = = m/s, its speed after 10 seconds is:
𝒕 𝒕 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
C 5 m/s2 A 80 m/s ‫ثواني‬10 ‫سرعة الجسم الساقط سقوط حر بعد مرور‬
= 𝟏 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
D 1 m/s 
2 B 90 m/s
‫من اكتسابه سرعة ابتدائية‬
C 100 m/s
D 110 m/s 𝒗𝒇 = 𝒗𝒊 + 𝒈 𝒕 = 𝟏𝟎 + (𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎)
20. If your average speed is 80 km/h on a 4-hour trip, = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎
the total distance you cover is: = 𝟏𝟏𝟎 𝒎/𝒔
A 40 km
B 80 km
C 120 km 𝒅=𝒗 ̅ × 𝒕 = 𝟖𝟎 × 𝟒 = 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝒎
D 320 km 26. Neglecting air resistance, if a player throws a ball
straight up with a speed of 30 m/s, the ball will reach
its maximum height after:
A 6 seconds
B 5 seconds ‫حركة االجسام المقذوفة الى اعلى وبخط مستقيم عند‬
21. If you travel 300 km in 4 hours, your average speed
‫اهمال مقاومة الهواء تتبع قوانين السقوط الحر‬
is: C 4 seconds
‫ولكن تختلف عنها في ان السرعة ستقل كل ثانية عن‬
A 50 km/h D 3 seconds ‫ ث‬/‫ م‬10 ‫التي تليها بمعدل‬
B 75 km/h 𝒅 𝟑𝟎𝟎
̅= =
𝒗 = 𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝒎/𝒉
C 80 km/h 𝒕 𝟒 𝒗 𝟑𝟎
𝒗=𝒈𝒕 →𝒕= = =𝟑𝒔
D 100 km/h 𝒈 𝟏𝟎

27. If an object is in free fall, the distance it travels

Free Fall every seconds is:
A the same as the previous (‫ )السابق‬second
22. If air resistance on a falling rock can be neglected, B more than the previous second
we say that this rock is in: C less than the previous second
A outer space D undefined
B terminal speed
‫بما أن مقاومة الهواء مهملة فان أي‬ ‫المسافة التي يقطعها جسم ساقط سقوط حر تزداد كل‬
C free fall
D slow motion ‫حر‬ ‫جسم ساقط يعتبر في حالة سقوط‬ ‫ثانية عن الثانية التي تسبقها‬

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28. If an object is in free fall, its speed every seconds is: 33. If two equal forces act on a moving cart in
A the same as the previous ( ‫ )السابق‬second opposite directions, we can say about it that:
B more than the previous second A it has acceleration
C less than the previous second B it is in static equilibrium
D undefined C it is in dynamic equilibrium
D nonzero net force acts on it
‫سرعة الجسم الساقط سقوط حر تزداد كل ثانية عن الثانية التي‬
‫ث‬/ ‫ م‬10 ‫تسبقها بمعدل‬
‫اذا اثرت قوتان متساوية في المقدار ومتعاكسة في االتجاه‬
‫على جسم متحرك فإنها ستلغي بعضها البعض أي ان‬
‫مجموعها يساوي الصفر ويكون الجسم في حالة انزان‬
‫ديناميكي‬

Newton’s 1st Law of Motion; Inertia; Equilibrium

34. If two equal forces act on a stationary ( ‫) ساكن‬
29. If no external forces act on a moving object, it will: book in opposite directions, we can say about it that:
A continue moving at the same speed A it has acceleration
B continue moving at the same velocity B it is in static equilibrium
C move slower and slower until it finally stops C it is in dynamic equilibrium
D make a sudden stop D a nonzero net force acts on it

30. If an object is in mechanical equilibrium, we can ‫اذا اثرت قوتان متساوية في المقدار ومتعاكسة في االتجاه‬
say that: ‫على جسم ساكن فإنها ستلغي بعضها البعض أي ان مجموعها‬
A a nonzero net force acts on it ‫عندما يكون الجسم في حالة‬ ‫يساوي الصفر ويكون الجسم في حالة انزان ديناميكي‬
B it has constant velocity  ‫اتزان ميكانيكي فانه سوف‬
C it has small acceleration ‫يتحرك بسرعة ثابتة وبخط‬
D it has large acceleration ‫مستقيم ودلك الن مجموع‬
‫القوى المؤثرة عليه تساوي‬
‫الصفر‬ 35. If you stand at rest on a pair of identical
bathroom
scales, the readings on the two scales will always be:
31. Inertia means that: A each equal to your weight
A an object at rest tries to remain at rest, and a moving B each equal to half your weight
object tries to stop C each equal to double your weight
B an object at rest tries to move, and a moving object D different from each other
tries to stop
C an object at rest tries to move, and a moving object ‫عند الوقوف على زوج من المقاييس في حالة سكون‬
tries to keep moving ‫فان الوزن سينقسم بالتساوي حيث تكون قراءة كل‬
D an object at rest tries to remain at rest, and a ‫مقياس نصف الوزن‬
moving object tries to keep moving

‫حيث ان قانون نيوتن االول يسمى بقانون القصور الذاتي‬ 36. A man weighing 800 N stands at rest on two
bathroom scales so that his weight is distributed
evenly between them. The reading on each scale is:
A 400 N 
32. The SI unit of inertia is the: B 200 N
A kilogram ‫ فكل ميزان ستكون‬800 N ‫بما ان وزن الرجل‬
C 1600 N
B newton D 800 N 400 N ‫قراءته نصف الوزن أي‬
C joule ‫الن القصور الذاتي ليس كمية‬
D none of these ‫فيزيائية قابلة للقياس‬

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 37. A 80-kg painter stands on a 20-kg painting staging 42. Two forces act on an object: ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑭𝟏 = (10 N, up); ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑭𝟐 =
) ‫) سقالة دهان‬that hangs on two ropes. If the staging is ⃗
(10N, down) . The net force ((𝑭 ) on it is:
at rest and both ropes have the same tension, the A (20 N, up)
tension in each rope is: B (20 N, down)
A 200 N C (10 N, up) ‫محصلة قوتين متساوية في المقدار‬
B 500 N ‫بما ان النظام في حالة سكون أي في حالة اتزان أي‬ D zero ‫ومتعاكسة في االتجاه تساوي الصفر‬
C 800 N ‫البد ان تكون محصلة القوى تساوي الصفر‬
D 1000 N 𝑭 = 𝟎

𝑻+𝑾= 𝟎
43. Two forces act on a crate and the crate is in
 𝑻 =  𝑾 →  𝑻 = 𝒘𝑷 + 𝒘𝒔 = equilibrium. These two forces are:
(𝟖𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎) + (𝟐𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎) = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵 → A (100 N, right), (100 N, left)
𝑻 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
B (100 N, right), (50 N, left)
𝑻𝟏 = 𝑻𝟐 = = = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝑵
𝟐 𝟐
C (50 N, right), (100 N, left)
D (100 N, right), (100 N, right)

‫بما ان الجسم في حالة اتزان أي ان محصلة القوى تساوي‬

Force; Support Force; Friction ‫الصفر فالبد ان تكون القوتين متساوية في المقدار‬
‫ومتعاكسة في االتجاه‬
38. The support force is on an object results from the
____________ of atoms in the surface:
A compression
B speed 44. If the force of friction on a moving object is 10N,
C acceleration the force needed to keep it at constant velocity is:
D energy A0N
B5N
C 10 N ‫لكي يكمل الجسم المتحرك حركته‬
39. The support force on a 2-kg book lying on a level D more than 10 N ‫بسرعة متجهة ثابتة فالبد ان تكون‬
table is: ‫قوة الحركة المعاكسة لالحتكاك‬
A1N
𝑭𝑵 = 𝑾 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟐𝟎 𝑵 ‫مساوية لها في المقدار وذلك حتى‬
B2N
C 10 N ‫تكون محصلة القوة تساوي الصفر‬
D 20 N

40. In the following, check the correct statement: 45. When an object falling through air stops gaining
A force is a vector, mass is a scalar speed, we say that it has reached its __________speed:
B force is a vector, weight is a scalar A average
C mass is a vector, weight is a scalar B instantaneous ‫عندما يسقط الجسم في الهواء فال يعتبر‬
D force is a vector, mass is a vector C final ‫سقوطه سقوط حر واثناء سقوطه تزداد‬
D terminal ‫سرعته حتى تصل الى حد معين تسمى‬
‫بالسرعة الحدية وذلك عندما يتساوى‬
41. Two forces act on an object: ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑭𝟏 = (6 N, east);
⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗ ) on it is: ‫وزن الجسم الساقط مع قوة مقاومة‬
𝑭𝟐 = (8N, west). The net force (Σ𝑭
A (14 N, east) ‫الهواء‬
B (14 N, west)
C (2 N, west) ‫مقدار محصلة القوى يكون حاصل طرح‬
D (-2 N, west) ‫مقداري القوتين وذلك اذا كانت متعاكسة‬ 46. Air drag depends on a falling object’s:
‫ اما اتجاه المحصلة فيكون في‬. ‫في االتجاه‬ A size and speed
‫اتجاه القوة االكبر وذلك اذا كانت مختلفة‬ B size and density ‫العوامل المؤثرة على مقاومة الهواء‬
‫ايضا في المقدار ومتعاكسة في االتجاه‬ C density and speed ‫هي سرعة الجسم الساقط و المساحة‬
D none of these ‫السطحية المواجهة للهواء اثناء‬
‫السقوط‬

5
 Mass; Weight
53. If an object’s mass decreases while a constant force
is applied to it, its acceleration:
47. Mass is a measure of an object’s: A decreases ‫الن العالقة عكسية بين‬
A inertia B increases ‫الكتلة والتسارع عند‬
B volume C remains constant ‫ثبوت القوة‬
C density D changes according to volume
D speed

48. Mass is an object’s quantity of:

A energy 54. If the net force acting on an object decreases, its
B matter acceleration:
C dimensions A decreases
‫الن العالقة طرية بين‬
D momentum B increases
C remains constant ‫القوة المحصلة والتسارع‬
D changes direction ‫عند ثبوت الكتلة‬
49. The SI unit for weight is the:
A newton
B kilogram
C gram 55 . The net force on an 50-kg crate is 100 N, its
D pound acceleration is:
A 0.5 m/s2
50. Two identical barrels (‫)برميل‬, one filled with oil and B 1 m/s2 𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒂= = = 𝟐 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
one with cotton, should have: C 2 m/s 
2
𝒎 𝟓𝟎
A same mass and different inertia D 5 m/s2
B same inertia and different weight
C same volume and different mass
D same weight and different density
56. A 1-kg falling ball encounters 10 N of air
resistance. The net force on the ball is:
A 0 N
B4N
𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝒘 − 𝑹 = 𝒎𝒈 − 𝑹 = (𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎) − 𝟏𝟎
51. If the Earth’s gravitational pull is 6 times that of C6N
= 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎 𝑵
the Moon, an object taken to the Moon will have: D 10 N
A same mass and less weight
B same weight and less mass
C same mass and same weight
D less mass and less weight Newton’s 3rd Law
‫ مرات عن قوة‬6 ‫اذا كانت قوة سحب الجاذبية االرضية تزيد‬
57. The number of forces involved (‫ )الداخلة‬in an
‫سحب الجاذبية للقمر فان الجسم اذا انتقل من االرض الى القمر‬ interaction between two objects is:
‫سيكون له نفس الكتلة ولكن وزنه سيقل‬ A0
B1
C 2
D3
Newton’s 2nd Law

52. An object’s acceleration is directly proportional to

58 . A force is defined (‫ )تعريفها‬as:
the:
A net force A part of an interaction between two objects
B a push from an object on itself
B average speed ‫وذلك من قانون نيوتن الثاني‬
C mass C a pull from an object on itself
D a push and a pull on the same object
D inertia 𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕
𝒂=
𝒎

6
59. Newton’s 3rd law states that, for two objects X and 62. When a man stretches a spring with a 100-N force
Y, whenever X exerts a force on Y, then: (within its elasticity range), the spring pulls him back
A Y exerts double that force on X with:
B Y moves in the opposite direction A0N
C Y exerts half that force on X B 50 N
D Y exerts an equal but opposite force on X C 100 N
D 200 N
60. In an interaction between two objects, the action
and reaction forces:
A are perpendicular Work; Energy
B do not cancel each other
C add up to zero
D are on the same object 66. Work is produced only if there is:
A force and motion
B force and elevation ( (‫)ارتفاع‬ ‫ينتج الشغل اذا وجد فقط‬
61. When a man pushes on a wall with force F, the wall C force and time ‫قوة في اتجاه الحركة‬
pushes back on him with force of magnitude: D time and elevation ‫وحركة للجسم‬
A zero
B F/2
C F ‫حسب قانون نيوتن الثالث فان قوتا الفعل ورد‬
D2F ‫في‬ ‫الفعل تكون متساوية في المقدار ومتعاكسة‬ 67. Work is proportional to:
‫االتجاه‬ A (force) and (1/distance) ‫الشغل يتناسب طرديا‬
B (force) and (distance) ‫مع كل من القوة‬
C (1/force) and (distance) ‫والمسافة‬
62. When a cannon shoots a cannonball with D (force) and (distance)2
acceleration ab, the cannon recoils (‫) يرتد‬with
acceleration ac such that:
A ac = ab ‫عند اطالق المدفع فان ارتداد‬
B ac is much larger than ab ‫الدفع للخلف اقل من تسارع‬ 68. The SI unit of work is:
C ac is much smaller than ab ‫كرة المدفع الى االمام وذلك‬ A Newton
D ac = 0 ‫بسبب اختالف كتلة كل منهما‬ B watt
𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝑭 × 𝑺 = 𝑵. 𝒎 = 𝒋𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒆
C joule
D ampere
63. When a cannon shoots a cannonball with force Fb,
the cannon recoils (‫ )يرتد‬with force Fc such that:
A Fc = Fb
69. A joule is equivalent to:
B Fc is much larger than Fb ‫في تفاعل القوى بين المدفع‬
C Fc is much smaller than Fb A N/m2
‫وكرة المدفع فان القوتين‬
D Fc = 0 B m/N
‫متساوية في المقدار وذلك‬
C N/m
‫حسب قانون نيوتن الثالث‬
D N.m

70. A cart moves 10 m in the same direction as a 20-N

64. When a cannon shoots a cannonball, the cannon’s force acting on it. The work done by this force is:
recoil (‫ )يرتد‬is much slower than the cannonball A 200 J
because: B2J
A the force on the cannon is much less C 0.5 J 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝑭 × 𝑺 = 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎
B the mass of the cannon is much greater D 20 J = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑱
C the cannon’s mass is more distributed ( ‫)موزع‬
D there is more air resistance

7
71. A man does 2000-J work in pushing a crate a
distance of 10 m on a frictionless floor. The force 76. Of the following quantities, the ones that have
applied by the man is: the same unit are:
A 20 N A work and energy
B 200 N B work and power
C 2000 N C energy and power
D 20000 N D work and pressure

𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 Mechanical Energy

𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝑭 × 𝑺 → 𝑭 = = = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑵
𝒔 𝟏𝟎
77. Mechanical energy results from an object’s:
A position only
Power B position and/or motion
C motion only
D neither position nor motion
72. An engine ( ‫ ) محرك‬can do 100,000-J work in 10 s.
The power of this engine is:
A 1 MW 78. Mechanical energy consists of:
B 100 kW 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 A kinetic energy and power
C 1000 W 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 = = B potential energy and power
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝟏𝟎
D 10 kW = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒕 C potential and kinetic energy
= 𝟏𝟎𝑲𝒘 D power and work

Potential Energy
73. An engine ( ‫ ) محرك‬can do 75-kJ work in 10 s. The
power of this engine in horsepower is:
A 10 hp 79. Of the following, the form of energy that is NOT
B 1 hp potential is the energy of:
C 0.1 hp A a moving car
D 100 hp 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝟕𝟓 𝐤𝐉 𝟕𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑
B a stretched bow (‫)مشدود قوس‬
𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 = = = C a compressed spring (‫)مضغوط زنبرك‬
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝟕𝟓𝟎𝟎 D water in a high reservoir (‫(خزان‬
= 𝟕𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒕 =
𝟕𝟓𝟎
= 𝟏𝟎 𝒉𝒑
80. Potential energy is the energy stored in an object
because of its:
A speed
74. The SI unit of power is: B position
A Newton C charge
B watt D mass
𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝑱
C joule 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 = = = 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒕
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝐬
D ampere
81. A 20-kg box rests on a 2-m high shelf. Its potential
energy relative to the ground is:
A 100 J
75. A watt is equivalent to: B 200 J
A kg.m3/s2 C 400 J
B kg2.m2/s3 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝑭 × 𝑺 𝐦. 𝐠. 𝐬 D 800 J
𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 = = =
C kg.m /s 
2 3
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝐭 𝐭
D kg2.m2/s 𝐦𝐦
𝐤𝐠. 𝟐 𝟐
= 𝐬 = 𝐤𝐠. 𝐦 𝑷𝑬 = 𝒎. 𝒈. 𝒉 = 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟐 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝑱
𝒔 𝐬𝟑

8
 82. The mass of a box of 200-J potential energy when 87. The mass of a bicycle of 4000-J kinetic energy
resting on a 2-m-high shelf is: traveling at 10 m/s is:
A 10 kg A 40 kg 𝟏 2 𝐾𝐸
B 20 kg 𝑷𝑬 = 𝒎. 𝒈. 𝒉 B 50 kg 𝑲𝑬 = 𝟐 𝒎 𝒗𝟐 → 𝑚 = 𝑣 2 =
C 40 kg C 60 kg 2 ×4000 8000
D 80 kg 𝑷𝑬 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟎 D 80 kg = 100 = 80 𝑘𝑔
𝒎= = = = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈 102
𝒈.𝒉 𝟏𝟎×𝟐 𝟐𝟎

83. If a 5-kg box sitting on a shelf of height (h) has 100- 88. The speed of a 40-kg bicycle of 1620-J kinetic
J potential energy relative to the ground, h equals: energy is:
A1m A 9 m/s
𝟏 𝟐 𝑲𝑬
B 2 m 𝑷𝑬 𝟏𝟎𝟎 B 3 m/s 𝑲𝑬 = 𝒎 𝒗𝟐 → 𝒗 = √
C4m 𝑷𝑬 = 𝒎. 𝒈. 𝒉 → 𝒉 = = C 27 m/s 𝟐 𝒎
𝒎. 𝒈 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎
D8m 𝟏𝟎𝟎 D 90 m/s
= =𝟐𝒎 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟎 𝟑𝟐𝟒𝟎
𝟓𝟎 𝐯=√ =√
𝟒𝟎 𝟒𝟎
𝐯 = √𝟖𝟏 = 𝟗 𝒎/𝒔
84. Three 5-kg rocks are raised to a height of 5 m, with
Rock1 raised with a rope, Rock2 raised on a ramp
‫) )منحدر‬, and Rock3 raised with an lift ( ‫) مصعد‬. The
rock that attains the most potential energy is:
A Rock1 89. If an object’s speed doubles, its kinetic energy:
B Rock2 A remains the same
‫بما ان لها نفس الكتلة ونفس االرتفاع‬
C Rock3 B doubles
D all the same C triples 𝟏
‫فإنها ستمتلك نفس طاقة الوضع‬ 𝑲𝑬𝟏 = 𝒎 𝒗𝟐𝟏
D quadruples 𝟐
𝒊𝒇 𝒗𝟐 = 𝟐𝒗𝟏
𝟏 𝟏
𝑲𝑬𝟐 = 𝒎 𝒗𝟐𝟐 = 𝒎 ( 𝟐 𝒗𝟏 )𝟐
Kinetic Energy 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
= 𝒎 × 𝟒 𝒗𝟐𝟏
𝟐
𝟏
= 𝟒 × 𝒎 𝒗𝟐𝟏
𝟐
85. Kinetic energy is the energy stored in an object 𝑲𝑬𝟐 = 𝟒𝑲𝑬𝟏
because of its:
A motion
B position
C charge
D mass
90. If an object’s mass doubles while moving at a
constant speed, its kinetic energy:
A remains the same
86. The kinetic energy of a 1000-kg car traveling at a B doubles 𝟏
speed of 20 m/s is: C triples 𝑲𝑬𝟏 = 𝒎𝟏 𝒗𝟐
𝟐
A 50 kJ D quadruples 𝒊𝒇 𝒎𝟐 = 𝟐𝒎𝟏
𝟏 𝟏
B 100 kJ 𝑲𝑬 = 𝒎 𝒗𝟐 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 × 𝟐𝟎𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝑲𝑬𝟐 = 𝒎 𝒗𝟐 = × 𝟐𝒎𝟏 𝒗𝟐
C 200 kJ 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
D 400 kJ = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐉 𝟏
= 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝐤𝐉 = 𝟐 × 𝒎𝟏 𝒗𝟐
𝟐
𝑲𝑬𝟐 = 𝟐𝑲𝑬𝟏

9
 91. The kinetic energy of a car traveling at 20 m/s is 96. The ram of pile-driver ( ‫ ) مدك‬falls from a height of
500 kJ. If it travels at 40 m/s, its kinetic energy 20 m. Its speed just before touching ground is:
becomes: A 2 m/s
A 500 kJ B 5 m/s
𝒊𝒇 𝒗𝟐 = 𝟐𝒗𝟏 → 𝑲𝑬𝟐 = 𝟒𝑲𝑬𝟏
B 1000 kJ C 10 m/s 𝒗 = √𝟐𝒈𝒉 = √𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟐𝟎 =
C 2000 kJ 𝟒𝟎 = 𝟐 × 𝟐𝟎 → 𝑲𝑬𝟐 = 𝟒 × 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝐤𝐉 D 20 m/s
𝑲𝑬𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝐤𝐉 𝒗 = √𝟒𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐𝟎 m/s
D 4000 kJ

97. A simple pendulum’s bob has speed (v) at its

lowest point (1); its highest point (3) has height (h).
92. The work done by the engine of a 1000-kg car to If h = 20 cm, v equals:
move it from rest to a speed of 20 m/s is: A 2 m/s
A 50 kJ B 5 m/s
𝟏
B 100 kJ 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝑲𝑬 = 𝟐 𝒎 𝒗𝟐 C 10 m/s
C 200 kJ 𝟏 D 20 m/s
D 400 kJ 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 × (𝟐𝟎)𝟐
𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐉 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑱

𝑷𝑬𝟑 = 𝑲𝑬𝟏 → 𝒗 = √𝟐𝒈𝒉

93. The force exerted by the engine of a 1000-kg car
to move it from rest to a speed of 20 m/s within 100 m = √𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎 = √𝟒
is: = 𝟐 𝒎/𝒔
A 1000 N 𝟏
𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝑲𝑬 → 𝑭 × 𝑺 = 𝟐 𝒎 𝒗𝟐
B 2000 N
𝟏 𝟏
C 4000 N 𝑲𝑬 𝒎 𝒗𝟐 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 × 𝟐𝟎𝟐
𝑭= = 𝟐 = 98. When a simple pendulum’s bob of mass m = 0.5 kg
D 5000 N 𝑺 𝑺 𝟏𝟎𝟎 is at its highest point (3), its height is h = 40 cm. Its
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 kinetic energy at its lowest point (1) is:
= = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵
𝟏𝟎𝟎 A0J
B 2 J
C5J
D 10 J

Conservation of Energy 𝑲𝑬𝟏 = 𝑷𝑬𝟑 = 𝒎𝒈𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟎. 𝟒 = 𝟐𝐉

94. The total energy of an object of mass (m), falling at

height (h) with speed (v) can be written as:
A E = ½ mv2 + 2 mgh 99. When a simple pendulum’s bob of mass m = 0.5 kg
B E = ½ mv2 + mgh is at its highest point (3), its height is h = 40 cm. Its
‫الطاقة الكلية لجسم على له كتلة‬ kinetic energy at point (2) of height ½ h is:
2
C E = mv + ½ mgh h ‫ ويسقط من ارتفاع‬m A5J
D E = ½ mv2 + ½ mgh ‫تساوي مجموع طاقة الوضع‬ B2J
‫والطاقة الحركية له‬ C 1 J
D0J

95. As an object falls, its potential energy 𝒉 𝟎. 𝟒

𝑲𝑬𝟐 = 𝑷𝑬𝟐 = 𝒎𝒈 = 𝟎. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎 × = 𝟏𝐉
__________and its kinetic energy __________. 𝟐 𝟐
A increases, decreases
B decreases, decreases ‫عندما يسقط جسم ما فانه طاقة‬
C decreases, increases ‫الوضع له تتناقص بينما تزداد‬
D increases, increases ‫طاقته الحركية‬

10
100. When a simple pendulum’s bob of mass m = 0.5 kg is at
its highest point (3), its height is h = 40cm. Its total energy at
point (2) of height ½ h is:
A5J
B 2 J
C1J 𝐄𝐓𝐎𝐓𝐀𝐋 = 𝐏𝐄𝟐 + 𝐊𝐄𝟐 = 𝟏𝐉 + 𝟏𝐉 = 𝟐𝐉
D0J

11
 CHAPTER 3: HEAT & MATTER

Temperature

1. Converting 77 degrees F to Celsius gives: 3. Converting 257 degrees F to Celsius gives:

A 25 degrees C A 55 degrees C
B 55 degrees C 𝟓 B 220 degrees C 𝟓
𝐓𝐂 = 𝟗 (𝐓𝐅 − 𝟑𝟐⁰) 𝐓𝐂 = 𝟗 (𝐓𝐅 − 𝟑𝟐⁰)
C 75 degrees C 𝟓
C 125 degrees C 𝟓
D 95 degrees C 𝐓𝐂 = (𝟕𝟕 − 𝟑𝟐⁰) = 𝟐𝟓 ⁰C D 335 degrees C 𝐓𝐂 = (𝟐𝟓𝟕 − 𝟑𝟐⁰) = 𝟏𝟐𝟓 ⁰C
𝟗 𝟗

4. Converting 10 degrees F to Celsius gives:

2. Converting 113 degrees F to Celsius gives: A 25 degrees C
A 35 degrees C
B 5 degrees C
B 45 degrees C
𝟓 C 0 degrees C 𝟓
C 110 degrees C 𝐓𝐂 = 𝟗 (𝐓𝐅 − 𝟑𝟐⁰) 𝐓𝐂 = 𝟗 (𝐓𝐅 − 𝟑𝟐⁰)
D -12 degrees C
D 165 degrees C 𝟓
(𝟏𝟏𝟑
𝟓
𝐓𝐂 =𝟗 − 𝟑𝟐⁰) = 𝟒𝟓 ⁰C 𝐓𝐂 =𝟗 ( 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟑𝟐⁰) = −𝟏𝟐 ⁰C

12
5. Converting 20 degrees F to Celsius gives: 10. Converting 145 degrees C to Fahrenheit gives:
A -7 degrees C A 177 degrees F
B 30 degrees C B 293 degrees F 𝟗
𝟓
𝐓𝐂 = (𝐓𝐅 − 𝟑𝟐⁰) 𝐓𝐅 = (𝐓𝐂 ) + 𝟑𝟐𝟎
C 42 degrees C 𝟗 C 112 degrees F 𝟓
𝟓 𝟗
D -12 degrees C 𝐓𝐂 = ( 𝟐𝟎 − 𝟑𝟐⁰) = −𝟕 ⁰C
𝟗
D 217 degrees F 𝐓 = (𝟏𝟒𝟓) + 𝟑𝟐𝟎 = 𝟐𝟗𝟑⁰𝑭
𝐅
𝟓

6. Converting -50 degrees F to Celsius gives: 11. Converting 35 degrees C to Fahrenheit gives:
A -46 degrees C A 59 degrees F
B 77 degrees F 𝟗
B -32 degrees C 𝟓 𝐓𝐅 = (𝐓𝐂 ) + 𝟑𝟐𝟎
𝐓𝐂 = (𝐓𝐅 − 𝟑𝟐⁰) C 95 degrees F 𝟓
𝟗
C -23 degrees C 𝟓 𝟗
D -18 degrees C 𝐓 =
𝐂 𝟗 (−𝟓𝟎 − 𝟑𝟐⁰) = −𝟒𝟓. 𝟓 ⁰C = D 3 degrees F 𝐓𝐅 = (𝟑𝟓) + 𝟑𝟐𝟎 = 𝟗𝟓⁰𝑭
𝟓
𝐓𝐂 = −𝟒𝟔 ⁰C

12. Converting 95 degrees C to Fahrenheit gives:

7. Converting -40 degrees F to Celsius gives: A 63 degrees F
A -20 degrees C B 127 degrees F 𝟗
𝟓 C 275 degrees F 𝐓𝐅 = (𝐓𝐂 ) + 𝟑𝟐𝟎
B -30 degrees C 𝐓𝐂 = 𝟗 (𝐓𝐅 − 𝟑𝟐⁰) 𝟓
C -40 degrees C D 203 degrees F 𝟗 𝟎
𝟓
𝐓𝐂 =𝟗 (−𝟒𝟎 − 𝟑𝟐⁰) = −𝟒𝟎 ⁰C 𝐓𝐅 = (𝟗𝟓) + 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎𝟑⁰𝑭
D -50 degrees C 𝟓

13. Converting 75 degrees C to Kelvin gives:

A 348 K
8. The Fahrenheit and Celsius temperature scales have B 198 K
the same reading at: C 32 K 𝑻𝑲 = 𝑻𝐂 + 𝟐𝟕𝟑
A 32 degrees D 212 K
𝟓
B 0 degrees 𝐓𝐂 = 𝐓𝐅 → 𝐓𝐂 = 𝟗 (𝐓𝐅 − 𝟑𝟐⁰) 𝑻𝑲 = 𝟕𝟓 + 𝟐𝟕𝟑 = 𝟑𝟒𝟖 𝑲
C -32 degrees 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
D -40 degrees 𝑻 = (𝐓 − 𝟑𝟐𝟎 ) → 𝑻 = 𝑻 − × −𝟑𝟐
𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
𝟓 𝟓 𝟗−𝟓 𝟓
𝑻 – 𝑻 = × −𝟑𝟐 → 𝑻 = 𝟗 × −𝟑𝟐 14. Converting 25 degrees C to Kelvin gives:
𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
𝟒 𝟓 𝟓 𝟗 A 248 K
𝑻 = × −𝟑𝟐 → 𝑻 = × −𝟑𝟐 ×
𝟗 𝟗 𝟗 𝟒 B 298 K 𝑻𝑲 = 𝑻𝐂 + 𝟐𝟕𝟑
𝑻 = −𝟒𝟎 ⁰C C 47 K
D 237 K 𝑻𝑲 = 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟐𝟕𝟑 = 𝟐𝟗𝟖 𝑲

9. Converting 15 degrees C to Fahrenheit gives: 15. Converting -50 degrees C to Kelvin gives:
A 59 degrees F A -40 K
B 47 degrees F 𝟗 B 323 K 𝑻𝑲 = 𝑻𝐂 + 𝟐𝟕𝟑
C 21 degrees F 𝐓𝐅 = (𝐓𝐂 ) + 𝟑𝟐𝟎 C 223 K
𝟓
D -12 degrees F 𝟗 D -273 K 𝑻𝑲 = −𝟓𝟎 + 𝟐𝟕𝟑 = 𝟐𝟐𝟑 𝑲
𝐓𝐅 = (𝟏𝟓) + 𝟑𝟐𝟎
𝟓
𝐓𝐅 = 𝟓𝟗⁰𝑭

13
16. Converting 406 degrees K to Celsius gives: 22. Find the amount of heat in kcal generated by
A 337 degrees C 7510 J of work.
B 276 degrees C 𝑻𝑲 = 𝑻𝐂 + 𝟐𝟕𝟑 → 𝑻𝑪 = 𝑻𝐊 − 𝟐𝟕𝟑 A 1.43 kcal
𝟕𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝑱
C 579 degrees C B 1.79 kcal 𝑸= = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟗 𝒌𝒄𝒂𝒍
D 133 degrees C 𝑻𝑪 = 𝟒𝟎𝟔 − 𝟐𝟕𝟑 = 𝟏𝟑𝟑⁰𝐂 C 8.11 kcal 𝟒𝟏𝟗𝟎
D 31.7 kcal

17. Converting 175 degrees K to Celsius gives: 23. Find the amount of work in MJ that is equivalent
A -98 degrees C to 3850 kcal.
B 112 degrees C 𝑻𝑲 = 𝑻𝐂 + 𝟐𝟕𝟑 → 𝑻𝑪 = 𝑻𝐊 − 𝟐𝟕𝟑 A 3.17 MJ 𝒋𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒆
B 0.918 MJ 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝟑𝟖𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝒄𝒂𝒍 × 𝟒𝟏𝟗𝟎
C -213 degrees C
𝑻𝑪 = 𝟏𝟕𝟓 − 𝟐𝟕𝟑 = −𝟗𝟖 ⁰𝐂
𝐤𝐜𝐚𝐥
D 45 degrees C C 16.1 MJ
D 8.23 MJ 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝑱 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟏 𝑴𝑱

18. Converting 6000 degrees K to Celsius gives:

A 6273 degrees C
B 5727 degrees C 𝑻𝑲 = 𝑻𝐂 + 𝟐𝟕𝟑 → 𝑻𝑪 = 𝑻𝐊 − 𝟐𝟕𝟑 24. Find the amount of work in kJ that is equivalent
C 5911 degrees C to 7.65 kcal of heat.
D 6196 degrees C 𝑻𝑪 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟕𝟑 = 𝟓𝟕𝟐𝟕 ⁰𝐂 A 17.7 kJ
B 9.18 kJ 𝒋𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒆
𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝟕. 𝟔𝟓𝒌𝒄𝒂𝒍 × 𝟒𝟏𝟗𝟎
C 1.83 kJ 𝐤𝐜𝐚𝐥
D 32.1 kJ
19. The melting point of pure iron is 1505 degrees C. 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟎𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑𝑱 = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟏 𝒌𝑱
What Fahrenheit temperature is this?
A 1689 degrees F
B 3563 degrees F 𝟗
C 2741 degrees F 𝐓𝐅 = (𝐓𝐂 ) + 𝟑𝟐𝟎 25. Find the mechanical work equivalent (in kJ) of
𝟓
D 4112 degrees F 𝟗 8550 cal of heat.
𝐓𝐅 = (𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟓) + 𝟑𝟐𝟎
𝟓 A 35.8 kJ
𝐓𝐅 = 𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟏 ⁰𝑭 B 2.04 kJ 𝒋𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒆
𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝟖𝟓𝟓𝟎 𝒄𝒂𝒍 × 𝟒. 𝟏𝟗
C 15.3 kJ 𝐜𝐚𝐥
D 23.1 kJ
𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝑱 = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟖 𝒌𝑱
20. The melting point of mercury is -38.0 degrees F.
What Celsius temperature is this?
A -36 degrees C
B -37 degrees C 𝟓 26. Find the heat equivalent (in kcal) of 763 kJ of
𝐓𝐂 = 𝟗 (𝐓𝐅 − 𝟑𝟐⁰)
C -38 degrees C work.
𝟓
D -39 degrees C 𝐓𝐂 =𝟗 (−𝟑𝟖. 𝟎 – 𝟑𝟐𝟎 ) A 17.5 kcal
𝟕𝟔𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝐉
𝐓𝐂 = −𝟑𝟖. 𝟖 ⁰C = − 𝟑𝟗 ⁰C B 182 kcal 𝑸 = 𝟕𝟔𝟑 𝒌𝑱 = = 𝟏𝟖𝟐 𝒌𝒄𝒂𝒍
C 1232 kcal 𝟒𝟏𝟗𝟎
D 3200 kcal

Heat
27. How much work must a person do to offset eating
21. Find the amount of heat in cal generated by 95 J of a piece of cake containing 625 Cal?
work. A 39.2 kJ
A 23 cal B 92.4 kJ
B 25 cal 𝟗𝟓 𝑱 𝒋𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒆
𝑸= = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟔 = 𝟐𝟑 𝒄𝒂𝒍 C 2.62 MJ 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝑪𝒂𝒍 × 𝟒𝟏𝟗𝟎
C 27 cal 𝟒. 𝟏𝟗 𝐂𝐚𝐥
D 13.3 MJ
D 24 cal 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝑱 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟏𝑴𝑱

14
28. How much work must a person do to offset eating a 32. An industrial engine produces 38,000 kcal of
200-g bag of potato chips if 28 g of chips contain 150 Cal? heat. What is the mechanical work equivalent of the
A 320 kJ heat produced?
B 610 kJ A 33 MJ
C 1.2 MJ 𝟐𝟖 𝒈 → 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝑪𝒂𝒍 B 85 MJ
D 4.5 MJ 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒈 →? 𝑪𝒂𝒍 C 120 MJ 𝑱𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒆
𝟐𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝟑𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒄𝒂𝒍 × 𝟒𝟏𝟗𝟎
D 160 MJ 𝑲𝒄𝒂𝒍
𝑸= = 𝟏𝟎𝟕𝟏. 𝟒 𝑪𝒂𝒍
𝟐𝟖 𝟔 𝟔
Work = 𝟏𝟎𝟕𝟏. 𝟒 𝑪𝒂𝒍 × 𝟒𝟏𝟗𝟎 𝑪𝒂𝒍
𝑱𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒆 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝟏𝟓𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎 𝑱 ≈ 𝟏𝟔𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 𝑱

Work = 𝟒. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝑱 = 𝟒. 𝟓 𝑴𝑱 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝑴𝑱

Specific
29. A fuel yields & Latent
11.5 kcal/g when burned. How many
joules of work are obtained by burning 1 kg of the Heat; Change of Phase
fuel?
A 48 MJ 𝑲𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑱𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒆
B 36 MJ 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒈 × 𝟒𝟏𝟗𝟎
𝒈 𝑲𝒄𝒂𝒍 33. What heat is needed to change the temperature
C 24 MJ 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝟒𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝑱 = 𝟒𝟖 𝑴𝑱 of 100 kg of copper (c = 0.092 kcal/kg degree-C)
D 12 MJ from 100 to 200 degrees-C?
A 920 kcal
B 9.2 kcal 𝑸 = 𝒎𝒄∆𝑻
C 92 kcal 𝑸 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟐 × (𝟐𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎)
30. A fuel produces 16 kcal/g when burned. If 500 g of D 9200 kcal 𝑸 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟗𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝒄𝒂𝒍
the fuel is burned, how many joules of work are
produced?
A 22 MJ 𝑲𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑱𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒆
B 34 MJ 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒈 × 𝟒𝟏𝟗𝟎 34. What heat is needed to change the temperature
𝒈 𝑲𝒄𝒂𝒍
C 47 MJ 𝟔 of 10 kg of water (c = 1.00 kcal/kg degree-C) from 10
𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎 𝑱 = 𝟑𝟒 𝑴𝑱
D 65 MJ to 20 degrees-C?
A 10 kcal
B 100 kcal 𝑸 = 𝒎𝒄∆𝑻
C 200 kcal 𝑸 = 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎 × (𝟐𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎)
31. Natural gas burned in a gas turbine has a heating D 419 kcal 𝑸 = 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒄𝒂𝒍
value of 110 kcal/g. If the turbine is 25% efficient and
2.5 g of gas is burned each second, find the power output
in kilowatts.
A 35 kW 35. What heat is needed to change the temperature
B 160 kW of 100 kg of steel (c = 0.115 kcal/kg degree-C) from
C 290 kW 1000 to 1100 degrees-K?
D 1900 kW A 100 kcal
B 300 kcal
𝑲𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑱𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒆 C 1150 kcal
𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎 × 𝟐. 𝟓 𝒈 × 𝟒𝟏𝟗𝟎 × 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓
𝒈 𝑲𝒄𝒂𝒍 D 4600 kcal
𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝟐𝟖𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝑱 = 𝟐𝟖𝟖𝒌𝑱 𝑸 = 𝒎𝒄∆𝑻
𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝟐𝟖𝟖 𝒌𝑱 𝑸 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟓 × (𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)
𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 = = = 𝟐𝟖𝟖 𝒌𝑾 𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝒌𝒘
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝟏𝐬 𝑸 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝒄𝒂𝒍

15
36. What heat should be given off by 10 kg of aluminum 40. How many calories of heat are required by 50 g of
(c = 0.22 kcal/kg degree-C) to change their temperature ice at 0 degrees C to melt to water at 40 degrees C?
from 200 to 100 degrees-C? (c-water = 1 cal/g degree C, L-fusion = 80 cal/g)
A 51 kcal A 2000 cal
B 430 kcal 𝑸 = 𝒎𝒄∆𝑻 B 4000 cal
C 910 kcal 𝑸 = 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟎. 𝟐𝟐 × (𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎𝟎) C 5000 cal
D 220 kcal 𝑸 = 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟎. 𝟐𝟐 × −𝟏𝟎𝟎 = −𝟐𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝒄𝒂𝒍 D 6000 cal
‫واإلشارة السالبة للداللة على انها مفقودة‬

37. How many calories of heat are required to melt 7 g

of ice at 0 degrees C? (L-fusion = 80 cal/g)
A 560 cal
B 135 cal
C 2300 cal 𝑸 = 𝒎𝑳𝒇
D 1500 cal
𝑸 = 𝟕 × 𝟖𝟎 = 𝟓𝟔𝟎 𝒄𝒂𝒍

𝑸 = 𝑸𝟏 + 𝑸𝟐
𝑸 = 𝒎 𝑳𝒇 + 𝒎 𝒄 ∆𝑻
38. How many calories of heat are given off by 10 g of 𝑸 = 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟖𝟎 ) + (𝟓𝟎 × 𝟏 × (𝟒𝟎 − 𝟎))
(
steam at 100 degrees C to condense to water at 𝑸 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒂𝒍
100 degrees C? (L-vaporization = 540 cal/g)
A 540 cal
B 5400 cal
C 54000 cal 𝑸 = 𝒎𝑳𝒗
D 540000 cal
𝑸 = 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟓𝟒𝟎 = 𝟓𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒂𝒍
Elasticity; Stress; Hooke’s Law

39. How many calories of heat are given off by 10 g of

steam at 100 degrees C to condense to water at 41. When a deforming ( ‫ )مشوه‬force acts on an elastic
0 degrees C? (c-water = 1 cal/g degree C, L object, the object is:
vaporization = 540 cal/g) A never deformed
A 640000 cal B permanently (‫ ) بشكل دائم‬deformed
B 64000 cal C temporarily ( ‫ ) وقتيا‬deformed
C 6400 cal D broken into pieces
D 640 cal
‫عندما تؤثر قوة على جسم مرن فان التشوه الحادث‬
‫به يكون مؤقتا بحيث يعود الجسم لوضعه الطبيعي‬
. ‫بعد زوال القوة المؤثرة عليه‬

42. An elastic material can be:

A dough (‫)عجين‬
B clay (‫) طين‬
𝑸 = 𝑸𝟏 + 𝑸𝟐 C lead (‫)رصاص‬
𝑸 = 𝒎 𝑳𝒗 + 𝒎 𝒄 ∆𝑻 D rubber ( ‫) مطاط‬
𝑸 = (𝟏𝟎 × 𝟓𝟒𝟎 ) + (𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏 × (𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎))
𝑸 = 𝟓𝟒𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟔𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒂𝒍

16
43. When a 10-N force is applied on a 20-cm spring, it 46. When a 10-N force is applied on a 20-cm spring,
extends to 25 cm. What would be its length when a it is compressed to 18 cm. What would be its length
30-N force is applied to it within its elastic range? when a 30-N compressing force is applied to it
A 35 cm within its elastic range?
B 15 cm A 6 cm
C 30 cm B 16 cm
D 20 cm C 26 cm
D 14 cm
𝐋𝐎 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒄𝒎 → 𝑳𝟏 = 𝟐𝟓 𝒄𝒎 → ∆𝑳𝟏 = 𝟐𝟓 − 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟓 𝒄𝒎
𝑭𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎 𝑵 → ∆𝑳𝟏 = 𝟓 𝒄𝒎 𝐋𝐎 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒄𝒎 → 𝑳𝟏 = 𝟏𝟖 𝒄𝒎 → ∆𝑳𝟏 = 𝟐𝟎 − 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟐 𝒄𝒎
𝑭𝟐 = 𝟑𝟎 𝑵 → ∆𝑳𝟐 =  𝑭𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎 𝑵 → ∆𝑳𝟏 = 𝟐 𝒄𝒎
𝑭𝟐 ∆𝑳𝟏 𝟑𝟎 × 𝟓 𝑭𝟐 = 𝟑𝟎 𝑵 → ∆𝑳𝟐 = 
∆𝐋𝟐 = = = 𝟏𝟓 𝒄𝒎
𝐅𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝑭𝟐 ∆𝑳𝟏 𝟑𝟎 × 𝟐
∆𝐋𝟐 = = = 𝟔 𝒄𝒎
𝑳𝟐 = 𝑳𝟎 + ∆𝐋𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟑𝟓 𝐜𝐦 𝐅𝟏 𝟏𝟎
𝑳𝟐 = 𝑳𝟎 − ∆𝐋𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎 − 𝟔 = 𝟏𝟒 𝐜𝐦
‫وعملية الطرح الن الزنبرك ( النابض ) يحدث له تقلص عند الضغط‬
‫عليه‬
44. When a 100-N force is applied on a 20-cm spring, it
extends to 21 cm. What would be its length when a
1000-N force is applied to it within its elastic range?
A 25 cm 47. A block of lead with dimensions (10 cm × 5 cm ×
B 30 cm 4 cm) has a mass of 2.3 kg. It exerts the greatest
C 35 cm stress on a flat surface when it lies on the side with
D 5 cm dimensions:
A 5 cm × 10 cm
𝐋𝐎 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒄𝒎 → 𝑳𝟏 = 𝟐𝟏 𝒄𝒎 → ∆𝑳𝟏 = 𝟐𝟏 − 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟏 𝒄𝒎 B 5 cm × 4 cm
𝑭𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑵 → ∆𝑳𝟏 = 𝟏 𝒄𝒎 C 10 cm × 4 cm
𝑭𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵 → ∆𝑳𝟐 =  D same stress on all sides
𝑭𝟐 ∆𝑳𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏
∆𝐋𝟐 = = = 𝟏𝟎 𝒄𝒎
𝐅𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑭
𝑳𝟐 = 𝑳𝟎 + ∆𝐋𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟑𝟎 𝐜𝐦 𝑺=
𝑨
‫بما ان العالقة عكسية بين االجهاد والمساحة‬
‫بالتالي يكون االجهاد اكبر ما يمكن عندما يوضع‬
45. When a 50-N force is applied on a 20-cm spring, it
extends to 22 cm. What would be its length when a ‫الجسم على الوجه االصغر مساحة‬
75-N force is applied to it within its elastic range?
A 3 cm
B 21 cm
C 23 cm
D 30 cm

𝐋𝐎 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒄𝒎 → 𝑳𝟏 = 𝟐𝟐 𝒄𝒎 → ∆𝑳𝟏 = 𝟐𝟐 − 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟐 𝒄𝒎 48. A cube ( ‫ ) مكعب‬of iron of 10-cm sides weighs 80 N.

𝑭𝟏 = 𝟓𝟎 𝑵 → ∆𝑳𝟏 = 𝟐 𝒄𝒎 The stress it exerts on a flat surface is:
𝑭𝟐 = 𝟕𝟓 𝑵 → ∆𝑳𝟐 =  A 80 Pa
𝑭𝟐 ∆𝑳𝟏 𝟕𝟓 × 𝟐 B 800 Pa 𝑭 𝟖𝟎
∆𝐋𝟐 = = = 𝟑 𝒄𝒎 C 8000 Pa 𝑺= = = 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐏𝐚
𝐅𝟏 𝟓𝟎 𝑨 (𝟎. 𝟏)𝟐
𝑳𝟐 = 𝑳𝟎 + ∆𝐋𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟑 = 𝟐𝟑 𝐜𝐦 D 80,000 Pa

17
49. A cylinder of lead is of 5.64-cm radius, 20-cm 52. A 500-g block of wood with dimensions (10 cm ×
height, and 23-kg mass. The stress it exerts on a flat 5 cm × 4 cm) has density of:
surface when it lies on its flat side is: A 2500 kg/m3
A 23 Pa B 2.5 kg/m3
B 230 Pa C 0.8 kg/m3
C 2.3 k Pa 3
D 800 kg/m
D 23 k Pa

𝒎 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝐠
𝑫𝐦 = = =
𝑭 𝒎𝒈 𝟐𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎 𝐯 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟓 × 𝟒 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝐜𝐦𝟑
𝑺= = = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝐠 𝟓𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝑨 𝛑𝐫 𝟐 𝛑(𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟔𝟒)𝟐 𝑫𝐦 = =
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝐜𝐦𝟑 𝟐𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔
𝑺 = 𝟐𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝑷𝒂 = 𝟐𝟑𝒌 𝑷𝒂 𝑫𝐦 = 𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒎𝟑

Density
53. A 500-g block of wood with dimensions (10 cm ×
50. Density of a substance ( ‫ ) صنف‬depends on the 5 cm × 4 cm) has weight density of:
3
______ and _______ of its atoms. A 2.5 kN/m
3
B 5 kN/m
A mass, charge ( ‫) شحنة‬ C 10 kN/m3
‫تعتمد كثافة المادة على كتلة‬ 3
B mass, spacing
‫الذرات والمسافات التي تفصل‬ D 25 kN/m 
C spacing ( ‫) تباعد‬, charge
‫بينها‬
D mass, color
𝑫𝐦 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈/𝒎𝟑
𝑵
𝑫𝐖 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒎𝟑
𝑫𝐖 = 𝟐𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎 𝐍/𝐦 = 𝟐𝟓𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑
𝟑 𝟑

51. A 500-g block of wood with dimensions (10 cm ×

5 cm × 4 cm) has density of:
A 0.5 g/cm3
B 1.5 g/cm3
𝒎 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝟓𝟎𝟎
C 2.5 g/cm3 𝑫𝐦 = = =
D 3.5 g/cm3 𝐯 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟓 × 𝟒 𝟐𝟎𝟎
= 𝟐. 𝟓 𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟑

18
 CHAPTER 4: ELECTRICITY

Electric Charges; Coulomb’s Law

1. Normally, an atom’s net charge is: 4. A negatively charged object is an object with:
A negative A extra electrons
B positive B extra protons negative object
C zero C extra neutrons
D a vector D lack of (‫ )نقص‬electrons Ne  Np

2. The number of electrons needed to make up one

coulomb of charge is:
A 1.6 × 10 -19 𝒒 5. The electrostatic force equation for two charged
𝒒=𝒏×𝒆→𝒏= objects, q1 and q2, gives a positive result if:
B 1.6 × 10 +19
𝒆 A q1 is positive and q2 is negative
C 6.25 × 10 -18 𝟏 𝒄
= B q1 is negative and q2 is positive
𝟏. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗
D 6.25 × 1018 = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟖 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒏
C q1 and q2 have the same sign
D q1 and q2 are neutral

3. A positively charged object is an object with: ‫كون القوة الكهروستاتيكية موجبة اذا كانت‬
A extra electrons ‫قوة تنافر أي ان الجسمان لهما نفس االشارة‬
B lack (‫ )نقص‬of protons Positive object
C extra neutrons
D lack of electrons NP  Ne

19
6. The electrostatic force equation for two charged 11. A group of charges (Q) exert a net force F = 10 N
objects, q1 and q2, gives a negative result if: on a charge q = 0.2 C located at point (X). This means
A q1 repels q2 that the magnitude of the electric field resulting from
B q 2 = q1 Q at X equals:
C q1 = ½ q2 ‫تكون القوة الكهروستاتيكية سالبة‬ A 0.2 N/C
D q1 attracts q2 ‫اذا كانت قوة تجاذب أي ان‬ B 5 N/C 𝑭 𝟏𝟎
‫الجسمان يختلفان في االشارة‬ 𝑬 = = = 𝟓𝟎 𝑵/𝑪
C 10 N/C 𝒒 𝟎. 𝟐
D 50 N/C

7. The electrostatic force between two charged 12. The electric field around a negative point-charge
objects,q1 and q2, is located at: (Q)points (‫)يتجه‬:
A q1 A radially away from Q
B q2
B radially toward Q
C q1 for force from q2, and q2 for force from q1 C in circles around Q
D halfway between q1 and q2 D in ellipsoids (‫ )مجسم بيضوي‬around Q

𝟏 13. The electric field around a positive point-charge

8. The attractive force between two charges q1 = 𝟑
C
𝟏 (Q) points (‫)يتجه‬:
and q2 = - C separated by 1 km is: A radially away from Q
𝟑
A 1000 N B radially toward Q
B 100 N C in circles around Q
C 10 N 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 D in ellipsoids (‫ )مجسم بيضوي‬around Q
𝒒𝟏 𝒒𝟐 × −
𝑭𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄 = 𝒌 𝟐 = 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟗 𝟑 𝟑 = 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟗 𝟗
D1N 𝒅 (𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟔
𝟏𝟎𝟗
= = −𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝑵 14. The electric field between two point charges (+Q)
𝟏𝟎𝟔
and (–Q) separated by a distance (d) points (‫)يتجه‬:
A on a straight line from +Q to –Q
B radially toward Q
C radially toward –Q
9. The repulsive force between two identical 1-C D on a straight line from –Q to +Q
charges separated by 300 m is:
A 100 N
B 1 kN
𝒒𝟏 𝒒 𝟐 𝟏×𝟏 15. The electric field around two point charges (+Q)
C 10 kN 𝑭𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄 = 𝒌 𝟐 = 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟗
𝒅 (𝟑𝟎𝟎)𝟐 and (–Q) separated by a distance (d) is:
D 100 kN 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟗
= = 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝐍 A concentric (‫ )متداخل‬cubes
𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒 B radially toward Q
= 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐤 𝑵
C radially toward -Q
D concentric ellipsoids ( ‫(مجسم بيضوي‬

16. The SI unit for the electric potential energy is

Electric Field; Electric Potential the:
A ampere
10. The following quantities are all scalar, except for: B watt
A electric current C volt
B electric field D joule
C electric charge
D electric potential

20
17. The SI unit for the electric potential is the:
A ampere 23. If a capacitor is connected to a battery of potential
B watt difference V, the capacitor becomes fully charged
C volt when the potential difference between its plates equals:
D joule A0
B V
C V/2
D 2V
18. One volt is equal to:
A 1 joule/second
B 1 joule/coulomb
C ampere/second
-8
D ampere/coulomb 24. A 10-km copper wire (resistivity = 1.7 × 10 Ω.m)
has cross-sectional area = 1 mm2. Its resistance is:

19. A charge q = 0.5 C located at point (X) has A 1.7 Ω

𝑳 𝟏𝟎𝐤𝐦
electric potential energy PE = 10 J caused by a B 17 Ω 𝑹=𝝆 = 𝟏. 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟖 ×
group of charges (Q). This means that the electric C 170 Ω 𝑨 𝟏 𝐦𝐦𝟐
potential resulting from Q at X equals: D 1700 Ω
−𝟖
𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒎
A 0.5 V = 𝟏. 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎 ×
B5V 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝒎𝟐
C 10 V 𝑬𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄 𝑷. 𝑬 𝟏𝟎
𝑽= = = 𝟐𝟎𝑽 𝟏𝟎𝟒
D 20 V 𝒒 𝟎. 𝟓
= 𝟏. 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟖 ×
𝟏𝟎−𝟔

= 𝟏. 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎

= 𝟏. 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐 = 𝟏𝟕𝟎 
Capacitor; Resistance

20. Electric energy can be stored in a:

A resistance
B capacitor
C switch
D light bulb

21. A capacitor consists of:

Ohm’s Law; Electric Power;
A a conductor between two insulating plates
B an insulator between two conducting plates Electric Circuits
C two insulating plates in vacuum
D two conducting plates in vacuum

25. An electric circuit consists of a 24-. Resistance

22. When a capacitor is connected to a battery, the connected across the terminals of a 12-V battery.
plate connected to the _____ terminal becomes The electric current in this circuit is:
______: A 24 amperes
A positive, positive B 12 amperes
B negative, positive C 2 amperes
C positive, negative 𝑽 𝟏𝟐
D 0.5 amperes 𝑽 = 𝑰. 𝑹 → 𝑰 = = = 𝟎. 𝟓 𝑨
D positive, neutral 𝑹 𝟐𝟒

21
 26. An electric circuit consists of a light bulb 31. Three identical light bulbs, each of resistance 12
connected across the terminals of a 12-V battery. If ,are connected in series to a 12-V battery. Their
the electric current in this circuit is 6 mA, the equivalent resistance is:
resistance of the light bulb is: A4
A 0.5 k B 12 
B 2 k 𝑽 𝟏𝟐 C 24 
C 20  𝑽 = 𝑰. 𝑹 → 𝑹 = = = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑰 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 D 36
D2 = 𝟐𝑲

27. If the power rating of a vacuum cleaner is 550 W,

the current it draws in a 220-V electric circuit is: 𝑹𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔 = 𝑹𝟏 + 𝑹𝟐 + 𝑹𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐
A 0.4 amperes = 𝟑𝟔
B 1.5 amperes
C 2.5 amperes 𝑷 𝟓𝟓𝟎
𝑷 = 𝑰. 𝑽 → 𝑰 = = = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝑨
𝑽 𝟐𝟐𝟎
D 5 amperes
32. Three identical light bulbs, each of resistance 12
,are connected in series to a 12-V battery. The potential
difference across each light bulb is:
A0V
28. If a light bulb in a 220-V electric circuit draws 0.5 B 4 V
amperes, its power rating is: C8V
D 12 V
A 110 W
B 440 W
𝑷 = 𝑰. 𝑽 = 𝟎. 𝟓 × 𝟐𝟐𝟎 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎 𝑾 𝑽𝟏 = 𝑽𝟐 = 𝑽𝟑 → 𝑽𝟏 = 𝑰𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 . 𝑹𝟏
C 40 W
D 75 W 𝑽𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟒𝟒
𝑽𝟏 = .𝑹 = × 𝟏𝟐 = = 𝟒𝑽
𝑹𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝟏 (𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐) 𝟑𝟔

29. A classroom has ten 25-W compact fluorescent

lamps (CFL). If these lamps are turned on for 10 ‫ بما ان المقاومات متماثلة في قيمها والتيار له قيمة ثابتة‬:‫او حل آخر‬
hours_ every day, their energy consumption ) ‫)استهالك‬
‫في التوصيل على التوالي فان فروق الجهد بين اطراف المقاومات‬
in 20 days is:
A 1 kWh : ‫ستكون ايضا متماثلة حيث ان‬
B 5 kWh
𝑬 = 𝑷 × 𝒕 = (𝟏𝟎 × 𝟐𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 ) × (𝟏𝟎 × 𝟐𝟎) 𝑽𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝟏𝟐
C 10 kWh 𝑽𝟏 = 𝑽𝟐 = 𝑽 𝟑 → 𝑽𝟏 = = =𝟒𝑽
D 50 kWh
= 𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑾𝒉 𝟑 𝟑

33. Three identical light bulbs, each of resistance 12 ,

are connected in series to a 12-V battery. The current
30. In electricity, the kilowatt-hour is a unit of: passing through each light bulb is:
A electric current 𝟏
B electric power A 𝟑 A
C electric potential 𝑬 = 𝑷 × 𝒕 = 𝐾𝑤. ℎ 2 𝑽𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳
B3A 𝑰𝟏 = 𝑰𝟐 = 𝑰𝟑 = 𝑰𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 =
D electric energy 𝑹𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳
C1A
D3A 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏
𝑰𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 = = = 𝑨
(𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐) 𝟑𝟔 𝟑

22
 34. Three identical light bulbs, each of resistance 12  , are connected in parallel to a 12-V battery. Their
equivalent resistance is:
A 4 
B 12 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
C 24 = + + → = + + =
𝑹𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒍 𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟑 𝑹𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒍 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
D 36 
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏𝟐
→ = → 𝑹𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒍 = =𝟒
𝑹𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒍 𝟏𝟐 𝟑

35. Three identical light bulbs, each of resistance 12 ,are connected in parallel to a 12-V battery. The potential
difference across each light bulb is:
A0V
B4V 𝑽𝟏 = 𝑽𝟐 = 𝑽𝟑 = 𝑽𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 = 𝟏𝟐 𝑽
C8V
D 12 V ‫وذلك الن التوصيل على التوازي‬

36. Three identical light bulbs, each of resistance 12  , are connected in parallel to a 12-V battery. The current
passing through each light bulb is:
1
A3A
2
B A
3
C 1 A ‫بما ان التوصيل على التوازي فان قيمة التيار الكلي ستنقسم الى تيارات‬
D3A ‫فرعية وكل تيار فرعي ستكون قيمته مماثلة لبقية قيم التيارات الفرعية‬
: ‫االخرى وذلك الن كل منها بها نفس مقدار المقاومة وعلى هذا فان‬

𝑽𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝟏𝟐
𝑰𝟏 = 𝑰𝟐 = 𝑰𝟑 → 𝑰𝟏 = = =𝟏𝑨
𝑹𝟏 𝟏𝟐

37. In an electric circuit consisting of two resistances (10  and 5  ) connected in series, if the current through the
10 resistance is 1 A, the current through other resistance is:
A0A
B 0.5 A
‫بما ان التوصيل على التوصيل على التوالي فان قيمة التيار ستكون ثابتة في جميع نقاط الدائرة‬
C 1 A
D2A : ‫وعلى هذا فان‬

𝑰𝟏 = 𝑰𝟐 = 𝑰𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 → 𝑰𝟐 = 𝟏𝑨

23
‫‪38. In an electric circuit consisting of two resistances (10  and 5 ) connected in parallel, if the current‬‬
‫‪through the 10. resistance is 1 A, the current through other resistance is:‬‬
‫‪A0A‬‬
‫‪B 0.5 A‬‬
‫‪C1A‬‬
‫‪D 2 A‬‬ ‫بما ان التوصيل على التوازي فان قيمة فرق الجهد ستكون ثابتة بين اطراف جميع المسارات الفرعية والتي ستكون‬
‫هي نفس قيمة فرق الجهد بين طرفي البطارية‪ .‬وبما ان قيمة التيار في المقاومة االولى ‪ 10 ‬هي ‪ 1 A‬وحيث ان‬
‫قيمة المقاومة الثانية ‪ 5‬تقل عن قيمة المقاومة االولى بمقدار النصف فان قيمة التيار في المقاومة الثانية ستزيد‬
‫عن قيمة التيار المار في المقاومة االولى بمقدار الضعف وذلك الن العالقة بين التيار والمقاومة عكسية حسب‬
‫قانون اوم ‪:‬‬

‫𝑽𝟎𝟏 = 𝟎𝟏 × 𝟏 = 𝟏𝑹 ‪𝑹𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎 → 𝑰𝟏 = 𝟏𝑨 → 𝑽𝟏 = 𝑰𝟏 .‬‬

‫𝟎𝟏 𝑳𝑨𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑽‬
‫= 𝟐𝑰 → ‪𝑹𝟐 = 𝟓 ‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑨𝟐=‬
‫𝟐𝑹‬ ‫𝟓‬

‫وذلك الن فرق الجهد في التوصيل على التوازي ‪:‬‬

‫𝑽 𝟎𝟏 = 𝑳𝑨𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑽 = 𝟐𝑽 = 𝟏𝑽‬

‫‪24‬‬
 CHAPTER 5: OPTICS

Electromagnetic Waves & Spectrum

1. Light is the oscillation of:
A electric & sound fields
B electric & magnetic fields
C sound & magnetic fields
D electric & gravitational fields
‫الضوء هو عبارة عن‬
‫تذبذب المجال الكهربائي‬
‫والمجال المغناطيسي‬

2. Shaking an electrically charged rod to-and-fro in

empty space produces:
A air waves
B sound waves
C electromagnetic waves
D vacuum waves

25
3. Electromagnetic waves start from a vibrating: 9. Electromagnetic waves that travel in vacuum
A fork (‫) شوكة‬ slower than light are:
B string (‫)وتر‬ ‫تنشأ الموجة الكهرومغناطيسية‬ A gamma-ray waves ‫ألنه في الفراغ تنتقل جميع‬
C spring (‫( زنبرك‬ ‫من تذبذب شحنة كهربائية‬ B x-ray waves
‫الموجات الكهرومغناطيسية بنفس‬
D charge C ultraviolet waves
‫السرعة‬
D none of these

4. In an electromagnetic wave, the electric and 10. In the electromagnetic spectrum, the highest
magnetic fields are: energy is that of:
A perpendicular to each other and to the direction of A gamma-ray waves ‫في الطيف الكهرومغناطيسي‬
motion B x-ray waves ‫فان الموجات التي لها اعلى‬
B parallel to each other and to the direction of motion C visible light waves ‫طاقة هي أشعة جاما‬
C perpendicular to each other and parallel to the D ultraviolet waves
direction of motion
D parallel to each other and perpendicular to the
direction of motion 11. In the electromagnetic spectrum, the lowest
frequency is that of:
A ultraviolet waves ‫في الطيف الكهرومغناطيسي فان‬
5. A wave’s frequency is: B x-ray waves ‫الموجات التي لها اقل تردد هي‬
A the number of waves repeating (‫ )تتكرر‬every C red light waves ‫موجات الراديو‬
second D radio waves
B the time duration for one complete wave
C the maximum value of a wave
D the length of a single wave 12. Among the following electromagnetic waves, the
‫تردد الموجة هو عدد الموجات التي تتكرر‬ longest wavelength is for:
A infrared waves
‫في الثانية الواحدة‬ ‫من الموجات الكهرومغناطيسية‬
B microwave
C visible light waves ‫التالية فان التي لها اعلى طول‬
D ultraviolet waves ‫موجي هي موجات الميكروويف‬
6. A wave’s wavelength is:
A the number of waves repeating every second
B the time duration for one complete wave
C its maximum value 13. The wavelength of 300-MHz microwave is:
D the length of a single wave ‫الطول الموجي للموجة‬ A 1 μm
‫هو طول موجة واحدة‬ B 1 mm 𝒄 𝒄 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖
C 1 cm 𝒇= →= =
 𝒇 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝐌𝐇𝒛
7. Going from left to right in the electromagnetic D 1 m 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖
 = = =𝟏𝒎
spectrum, the following happens: 𝟑𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖
A both wavelength and frequency increase
B both wavelength and frequency decrease
C wavelength increases and frequency decreases
D wavelength decreases and frequency increases 14. The frequency of 0.5-μm green light is:
A 2 × 1014 Hz
B 4 × 1014 Hz
8. In the electromagnetic spectrum, the narrowest C 6 × 1014 Hz 𝒄 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖
𝒇= = =
range is that of: 14
D 8 × 10 Hz  𝟎. 𝟓  𝐦
A radio waves ‫في الطيف الكهرومغناطيسي فان‬ 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖
B x-ray waves 𝒇= = 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟒 𝐇𝒛
‫أضيق مدى سيكون لموجات‬ 𝟎. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔
C visible light waves ‫الضوء المرئي‬
D ultraviolet waves

26
 Reflection
15. Wave reflection means that it always: 21. An object placed between a concave ( ‫ ) مقعر‬mirror
A enters into a new medium (‫)وسط‬ and its focus forms an image that is of _______ size
B returns to the medium from which it came and _________ distance to the mirror.
C returns along the same line where it came A smaller; farther
D slides along the border between two media B larger; nearer ‫اذا وضع جسم بين مرآة مقعرة وبؤرتها (أي‬
C smaller; nearer ‫انه يكون داخل نطاق البؤرة ) بالتالي يكون‬
‫معنى انعكاس الموجات بانها دائما‬ D larger; farther 𝑺𝟎 < 𝒇
‫تعود الى الوسط الذي قدمت منه‬ ) ‫فتتكون له صورة خيالية (خلف المرآة‬
‫معتدلة مكبرة وبعيدة‬

16. We see most things around us because:

A they are primary sources of light
B they are secondary sources of light
C they reflect light
‫نستطيع رؤية االشياء من حولنا‬
D they absorb light
‫ألنها تعكس الضوء‬
17. If light beam (X) falls obliquely on a mirror and
reflects into beam (Y), we can say that:
A X is always perpendicular to the mirror
B Y is always perpendicular to the mirror
C X and Y make equal angles with the mirror
D X and Y are perpendicular to each other
‫عند سقوط الشعاع الضوئي على المرآة فانه دائما‬
‫تكون زاوية السقوط مساوية لزاوية االنعكاس‬
22. An object placed in front of a convex ( ‫) محدب‬
mirror forms an image that is of _______ size and
_________ distance to the mirror.
A smaller; farther
‫اذا وضع الجسم امام مرآة محدبة فإنها‬
B larger; nearer
C smaller; nearer ‫تكون صورة للجسم تكون خيالية( خلف‬
D larger; farther ‫المرآة) ومصغرة وقريبة من المرآة‬
23. An image formed behind a mirror is virtual for:
A plane, convex and concave
B plane and concave, and real for convex
C plane and convex, and real for concave
D convex and concave, and real for plane
‫الصورة المتكونة خلف المرآة هي صورة خيالية وتنتج عن جميع انواع‬
) ‫المرايا سواء كانت مستوية او منحنية بنوعيها ( مقعرة ومحدبة‬

18. When a light beam is reflected, it keeps a

constant: 24. Diffuse reflection occurs when light is incident on
A speed ‫عند انعكاس الشعاع الضوئي فان‬ a surface that is:
B frequency ‫الشعاع المنعكس ال تتغير سرعته او‬ A smooth ( ‫) أملس‬ ) ‫االنعكاس المشتت ( الغير منتظم‬
C wavelength ‫تردده او طوله الموجي فقط الذي يتغير‬ B polished ( ‫)مصقول‬ ‫يحدث عند سقوط الشعاع الضوئي‬
D all of these . ‫اتجاهه‬ C transparent (‫) شفاف‬ . ‫على اسطح خشنة‬
D rough ( ‫) خشن‬

19. The angle of reflection is always:

A equal to the angle of incidence 25. Specular )‫ (بصري‬reflection occurs when light is
B smaller than the angle of incidence incident on a:
C larger than the angle of incidence A lens
D equal to the angle of refraction B mirror ‫االنعكاس البصري ( منتظم ) يحدث عند‬
C painted wall ‫سقوط الشعاع الضوئي على اسطح‬
D page of a book . ‫مصقولة مثل المرآة‬
20. An object placed in front of a plane mirror forms an
image that is of _______ size and _________
distance to the mirror. 26. After diffuse reflection, light goes in:
A same; same A one direction
B larger; same ‫اذا وضع الجسم امام مرآة مستوية فإنها دائما‬ B two opposite directions ‫بعد حدوث االنعكاس المشتت فان‬
C same; nearer ‫تكون صورة خيالية (خلف المرآة ) لها نفس‬ C no direction ‫الضوء المنعكس ينتشر في جميع‬
D same; farther ‫حجم الجسم ولها نفس بعد الجسم عن المرآة‬ D all directions . ‫االتجاهات‬

27
27. You can see the road ahead of your car at night 33. If a concave mirror of 2-m focal length is placed 7
because of: m away from a 2.5-m-high door, the height of the
A specular reflection ‫نستطيع رؤية الطريق امام السيارة‬
door’s image will be:
B absorption ‫ليال بسبب حدوث االنعكاس المشتت‬ A 0.1 m
C diffuse reflection . ‫لألشعة الضوئية‬ B 0.5 m 𝒉𝒊 −𝒔𝒊 𝒉𝒊 −𝟐. 𝟖
= → =
D refraction C 1 m 𝒉𝒐 𝒔𝒐 𝟐. 𝟓 𝟕
D 1.25 m 𝟐. 𝟓 × −𝟐. 𝟖
𝒉𝒊 = = −𝟏 𝒎
𝟕
28. If a convex mirror of 2-m focal length is placed 8 ‫واالشارة السالبة للداللة على ان الصورة مقلوبة‬
m away from a 2.5-m-high door, the image of the
door will appear in the mirror at a distance of:
A 1.6 m 34. If a concave mirror of 2-m focal length is placed 7
𝐬𝐨 . 𝐟 𝟖 × −𝟐 −𝟏𝟔 m away from a 2.5-m-high door, the magnification of
B 2.4 m 𝐬𝐢 = = = = −𝟏. 𝟔 𝒎
𝐬𝐨 − 𝐟 𝟖 − (−𝟐) 𝟏𝟎 the door in the mirror will be:
C 0.8 m
D 3.2 m A -2
‫ البعد البؤري للمرآة المفرقة (المحدبة ) يكون‬:‫مالحظة‬
‫ واالشارة السالبة في بعد الصورة النها خيالية‬.‫دائما سالب‬
B +2 𝒉𝒊 −𝟏 𝒎
C -0.4 𝑴= = = −𝟎. 𝟒
𝒉𝒐 𝟐. 𝟓 𝒎
D +0.4 : ‫او حل آخر‬
−𝒔𝒊 −𝟐. 𝟖 𝒎
29. If a convex mirror of 2-m focal length is placed 8 𝑴= = = −𝟎. 𝟒
𝒔𝒐 𝟕 𝒎
m away from a 2.5-m-high door, the height of the
door’s image will be:
A 0.1 m
B 0.5 m 𝒉𝒊 −𝒔𝒊 𝒉𝒊 −(−𝟏. 𝟔) 35. If a concave mirror of 2-m focal length is placed 7
C1m = → = m away from a 2.5-m-high door, the image of the door
𝒉𝒐 𝒔𝒐 𝟐. 𝟓 𝟖
D 1.25 m will be:
𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟏. 𝟔
𝒉𝒊 = = 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎 A upright and reduced
𝟖
B upright and enlarged
C inverted and reduced
D inverted and enlarged
30. If a convex mirror of 2-m focal length is placed 8
m away from a 2.5-m-high door, the magnification ‫بما ان بعد الجسم اكبر من البعد البؤري للمرآة المقعرة أي‬
of the door in the mirror will be: ‫ان‬
A5 𝒔𝒐 > 𝒇
B2 𝒉𝒊 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎 ‫بالتالي فان الصورة المتكونة تكون حقيقية ومقلوبة‬
C 0.5 𝑴= = = 𝟎. 𝟐 : ‫اما بالنسبة لحجمها فيحسب كالتالي‬
𝒉𝒐 𝟐. 𝟓 𝒎
D 0.2 𝐬𝐨 . 𝐟 𝟕 × 𝟐 𝟏𝟒
: ‫او حل آخر‬ 𝐬𝐢 = = = = 𝟐. 𝟖 𝒎
𝐬𝐨 − 𝐟 𝟕 − 𝟐 𝟓
−𝒔𝒊 −(−𝟏. 𝟔) 𝒎
𝑴= = = 𝟎. 𝟐
𝒔𝒐 𝟖 𝒎 𝒉𝒊 −𝒔𝒊 𝒉𝒊 −𝟐. 𝟖
= → =
𝒉𝒐 𝒔𝒐 𝟐. 𝟓 𝟕
𝟐. 𝟓 × −𝟐. 𝟖
𝒉𝒊 = = −𝟏 𝒎
31. If a convex mirror of 2-m focal length is placed 8 𝟕
m away from a 2.5-m-high door, the image of the ‫حيث ان ارتفاع الصورة اقل من ارتفاع الجسم‬
door will be: ‫واالشارة السالبة تدل على الصورة مقلوبة‬
A upright and reduced ‫صفات الصورة المتكونة عن‬
B upright and enlarged ‫المرآة المحدبة تكون دائما‬
C inverted and reduced ‫خيالية (خلف المرآة ) معتدلة‬
D inverted and enlarged ‫ومصغرة‬
Refraction

32. If a concave mirror of 2-m focal length is placed 36. The process of light bending when passing obliquely
7 m away from a 2.5-m-high door, the image of the from one medium into another is called:
door will appear in the mirror at a distance of: A specular reflection
A 1.4 m B absorption ‫عملية انحراف الضوء عن مساره عند‬
B 2.8 m 𝐬𝐨 . 𝐟 𝟕 × 𝟐 𝟏𝟒 C diffuse reflection . ‫انتقاله من وسط الى اخر تسمى باالنكسار‬
C 0.7 m 𝐬𝐢 = = = = 𝟐. 𝟖 𝒎
𝐬𝐨 − 𝐟 𝟕 − 𝟐 𝟓 D refraction
D 5.6 m

28
37. When light is refracted, it keeps a constant: 43. The index of refraction of water is 4/3. A beam of light
A speed incident from water into air at 30o (sin 30o = ½) refracts at an
B frequency ‫عند انكسار الضوء فان التردد يبقى ثابتا‬ angle of:
C wavelength A 42  ‫الشعاع الضوئي انتقل من الماء الى الهواء وبالتالي فان‬
D all of these B 90 ‫وسط السقوط الماء والوسط الذي حدث فبه انكسار الهواء‬
C 49 𝒏𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒊 = 𝒏𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒓
𝟒
D 22 × 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟎 = 𝟏 × 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒓
𝟑
38. When light is refracted in passing from air into 𝟒 𝟏
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒓 = ×
water, its angle of refraction is: 𝟑 𝟐
𝟒 𝟏 𝟒
A equal to the angle of incidence 𝐫 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( × ) → 𝒓 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 ( )
−𝟏
𝟑 𝟐 𝟔
B more than the angle of incidence
C less than the angle of incidence 𝒓 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏(𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟔) = 𝟒𝟏. 𝟖 ≈ 𝟒𝟐°
D zero
‫عند انتقال الضوء من وسط قليل الكثافة الضوئية الى‬
‫وسط عالي الكثافة الضوئية مثل انتقاله من الهواء الى‬
‫الماء فإنه ينكسر مقتربا من العمود المقام فتصبح زاوية‬ 44. The index of refraction of water is 4/3. This means that
‫االنكسار اقل من زاوية السقوط‬ the critical angle of water (into air) is:
A 42
B 90 ‫الزاوية الحرجة هي زاوية سقوط وبما ان المطلوب الزاوية‬
39. Mirage (‫ )السراب‬happens on hot days because C 49 ‫الضوئي‬ ‫الحرجة للماء أي ان المطلوب زاوية السقوط للشعاع‬
light rays coming toward us from the sky: D 22 ‫من الماء الى الهواء‬
A bend toward the ground ‫والزاوية الحرجة هي زاوية سقوط دائما تقابلها زاوية انكسار‬
B bend away from the ground ‫يحدث السراب في االيام الحارة‬ °90 ‫مقدارها‬
C bounce (‫ )يرتد‬off the ground ‫بسبب ان الشعاع الضوئي‬ 𝒏𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒊 = 𝒏𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒓
D stick to the ground ‫القادم من السماء يحدث له‬ 𝟒
× 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒊𝑪 = 𝟏 × 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟗𝟎
‫انحناء بالقرب من االرض‬ 𝟑
𝟑
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒊𝑪 = × 𝟏
𝟒
𝟑
𝐢𝑪 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 ( ) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝟎. 𝟕𝟓) = 𝟒𝟖. 𝟓 ≈ 𝟒𝟗°
40. What we actually see in a mirage (‫)سراب‬: 𝟒
A water vapor collecting above the road
B water that evaporates very fast
C sky light that appears like water
D only an imaginary image 45. If a beam of light is incident from water into air at the
critical angle, its angle of refraction in air is:
‫في السراب تنعكس صورة السماء لتبدو وكأنها ماء على الطريق‬ o
A0
B 90 
o
‫اذا انتقل شعاع ضوئي من وسط عالي الكثافة الضوئية‬
C 60o ‫الى وسط اقل منه في الكثافة الضوئية مثل االنتقال من‬
41. If the speed of light in water is 0.75 c, the index D 30o
of refraction of water is: ‫الماء الى الهواء وكان االنتقال أي السقوط بزاوية حرجة‬
A 1.33 ‫ درجة‬90 ‫فانه ينكسر بزاوية مقدارها‬
B 0.75 𝒄 𝒄 𝟏
𝒏= = = = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟑
C 2.25 𝒗 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 𝒄 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
D 0.25
46. A beam of light is directed from the bottom of a
swimming pool so as to hit the top surface at a 60o-
42. The index of refraction of water is 4/3. A beam angle. This beam will then undergo (‫ )يخضع‬a total :
of light incident from air into water at 30o (sin 30o = A dispersion
‫اذا سلط شعاع ضوئي من اسفل حوض للسباحة‬
½) refracts at an angle of: B diffuse reflection
‫ليصطدم بالسطح ( أي ان الشعاع انتقل من الماء‬
A 13 C internal reflection
‫الشعاع الضوئي انتقل من الهواء الى الماء وبالتالي فان وسط‬ ‫الى الهواء اي من وسط عالي الكثافة الضوئية‬
B 9 ‫السقوط الهواء والوسط الذي حدث فيه انكسار الماء‬ D refraction ‫الى وسط اقل منه في الكثافة الضوئية ) وكانت‬
C 49 𝒏𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒊 = 𝒏𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒓
𝟒 ‫ وهي اكبر من‬°60 ‫زاوية السقوط مقدارها‬
D 22 𝟏 × 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟎 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒓 ‫ فسيخضع‬°49 ‫الزاوية الحرجة للماء التي تعادل‬
𝟑
𝟏 𝟑
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒓 = × ‫هذا الشعاع الى انعكاس كلي داخلي‬
𝟐 𝟒
𝟏 𝟑 𝟑
𝒓 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( × ) → 𝐫 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 ( )
−𝟏
𝜽𝒊 > 𝜽𝒄 → 𝑻𝑰𝑹
𝟐 𝟒 𝟖
𝒓 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓) = 𝟐𝟐°

29
47. A beam of light falling obliquely on a pane (‫ )لوح‬of 52. In the visible light spectrum, the highest
glass leaves the pane such that it is: frequency light is:
A parallel to the pane A red
‫في طيف الضوء المرئي فانه عند االنتقال من اليسار‬
B perpendicular to the pane B blue
‫الى اليمين يقل الطول الموجي ويزداد التردد والطاقة‬
C perpendicular to its original direction C green ‫ولذلك فان اللون البنفسجي له اكبر تردد من االلوان‬
D parallel to its original ) ‫ )أصلي‬direction D violet . ‫االخرى في الطيف المرئي‬
‫اذا سقط شعاع ضوئي على لوح زجاجي بشكل مائل فإن اتجاه الشعاع‬
‫الخارج من اللوح يكون موازيا التجاه الشعاع الساقط ( أي اتجاهه‬
) ‫االصلي‬
53. The light component that travels the fastest
through glass or water is:
A blue light
‫الترددات المنخفضة من الطيف المرئي تنتقل‬
B red light ‫بسرعة عالية في المواد الشفافة ( مثل الماء‬
C violet light ‫والزجاج ) بينما تنتقل الترددات العالية من‬
D green light ‫الطيف المرئي بسرعة بطيئة في المواد الشفافة‬
‫لذك ينتقل اللون االحمر بأعلى سرعة في المواد‬
. ‫الشفافة من االلوان االخرى في الطيف المرئي‬

48. A fish under water appears nearer because of: 54. Separation of light falling on a prism into colors
A refraction is called:
B aberration A dispersion ‫عملية فصل اللون االبيض المرئي الى‬
‫تبدو االجسام المغمورة في الماء كالسمكة اقرب‬ B reflection
C reflection ‫مجموعة من االلوان مرتبة حسب ترددها‬
‫مما هي عليه في الواقع بسبب االنكسار‬ C absorption
D dispersion . ‫تسمى التفرق او التشتت‬
D mirage

49. Light travels through an optical fiber by: 55. When white light falls on a prism (as shown), its
A dispersion color components separate so that the highest (from
B diffuse reflection ‫ينتقل الضوء عبر االلياف البصرية‬ base ) is:
C total internal reflection A blue light ‫عند سقوط الضوء االبيض على منشور فانه يتحلل‬
‫بواسطة االنعكاس الكلي الداخلي‬
D total refraction B green light ‫الى مكوناته من للطيف المرئي بحيث يكون اعالها‬
C violet light .‫من القاعدة اللون االحمر‬
D red light

Dispersion; Rainbow

56. You can see a rainbow on a humid day only if

the sunlight is coming from:
A above
B nowhere ‫لكي نستطيع رؤية قوس المطر فالبد ان تكون‬
‫قطرات المطر في الجهة المقابلة ألشعة الشمس‬
50. In the visible light spectrum, red appears at the: C behind you ‫لذلك فاذا كان قوس المطر امامنا فالبد ان تكون‬
A right D in front of you ‫االشعة الضوئية قادمة من خلفنا‬
B left ‫في الطيف المرئي فان اللون االحمر‬
C middle ‫يبدو على اليسار‬
D outside
57. Rainbow results from that:
A raindrops make the shape of prisms in the air
51. In the visible light spectrum, the longest-
wavelength light is: B light disperses inside raindrops
C raindrops form water ponds on the ground
A red
‫في طيف الضوء المرئي فانه عند االنتقال من اليسار الى اليمين‬ D raindrops reflect light at different angles
B blue
C green ‫يقل الطول الموجي ويزداد التردد والطاقة ولذلك فان اللون‬
‫االحمر له اكبر طول موجي من االلوان االخرى في الطيف‬
D violet ‫ينشأ قوس المطر نتيجة تفرق اشعة الشمس في قطرات الماء‬
. ‫المرئي‬

30
58. Rainbow is formed in the following sequence 63. Light passing through the center of a lens:
A refraction _ reflection_ refraction  A bends up for a diverging lens
B reflection _ refraction _ reflection B bends up for a converging lens
C refraction _ refraction _ reflection C passes without deviation for both types
D reflection _ reflection_ refraction D gets reflected for both types

‫يتكون قوس المطر نتيجة لحدوث العمليات التالية بالترتيب‬ ‫الشعاع الضوئي الذي يمر من مركز العدسة ( بنوعيها المحدبة‬
‫ انكسار – انعكاس – انكسار‬: ‫والمقعرة ) ال يحدث له أي انحراف عن مساره‬

64. When an object is placed inside the focal point of a

converging lens, its image is:
A real and farther
B real and nearer ‫اذا وضع جسم داخل نطاق البؤرة لعدسة‬
C virtual and nearer ‫مجمعة ( محدبة ) أي أن بعد الجسم اقل‬
D virtual and farther ‫من البعد البؤري فإن الصورة تكون‬
‫خيالية ( أي تتواجد في نفس جهة الجسم‬
. ‫) ومكبرة وبعيدة ومعتدلة‬

Lenses
65. When an object is placed outside the focal point of a
converging lens, its image is:
59. A converging lens has __________ surfaces and is A real and inverted (‫)مقلوبة‬ ‫اذا وضع جسم خارج نطاق‬
_________ at its center than its edges: B real and upright ( ‫) قائمة‬
A convex ( ‫ ;)محدبة‬thinner ) ‫البؤرة لعدسة مجمعة ( محدبة‬
C virtual and upright ‫أي ان بعد الجسم اكبر من البعد‬
B concave ) ‫ ;)مقعرة‬thinner ‫العدسة المجمعة لها اسطح محدبة وتكون‬ D virtual and inverted ‫البؤري فإن الصورة تكون‬
C concave; thicker ‫سميكة في الوسط اكثر من االطراف‬
D convex; thicker ‫حقيقة (أي في الجهة االخرى‬
. ‫من العدسة ) ومقلوبة‬

60. A diverging lens has __________ surfaces and is

_________ at its center than its edges:
A convex (‫ ;)محدبة‬thinner 66. Distortion (‫ )تشويه‬in the image of a lens is called:
B concave )‫ ;)مقعرة‬thinner ‫العدسة المفرقة لها اسطح مقعرة‬ A conversion
C concave; thicker ‫وتكون رقيقة في الوسط اكثر من‬ B aberration ‫التشويه الحادث في الصورة الناتجة‬
D convex; thicker ‫االطراف‬ C dispersion ‫عن العدسة يسمى الزيغ‬
D refraction
61. A converging lens converges a beam of light that is
parallel to its principal axis into: 67. Distortion (‫ )تشويه‬in the image of a lens caused by
A the focal point on the other side different speeds of the color components (‫ )مكونات‬of light
B the focal point on the same side is called:
C the center of curvature on the same side A spherical aberration ‫التشويه الحادث في الصورة الناتجة عن‬
D the center of curvature on the other side B linear aberration ‫العدسة بسبب اختالف سرعات مكونات‬
C astigmatic aberration ‫الضوء ( الوان الطيف المرئي ) عند‬
‫العدسة المجمعة ( المحدبة ) تجمع االشعة الضوئية الساقطة بشكل موازي‬
D chromatic aberration ‫عبورها العدسة يسمى بالزيغ اللوني‬
‫للمحور الرئيسي في البؤرة الموجودة في الجهة االخرى من العدسة‬

62. A diverging lens diverges a beam of light that is 68. An eye defect (‫ )خلل‬where the cornea ( ‫ )القرنية‬is
parallel to its principal axis so as to appear coming curved unevenly ( ‫ ( تقوس بشكل غير مستوي‬is called:
from: A conversion
A the focal point on the other side B dispersion
B the focal point on the same side C astigmatism
C the center of curvature on the same side D refraction ‫الخلل في العين الذي يحدث نتيجة‬
D the center of curvature on the other side
‫انحناء القرنية بشكل غير متساوي‬
‫العدسة المفرقة ( المقعرة ) تفرق االشعة الضوئية الساقطة بشكل موازي‬ . ‫يسمى اإلستجماتزم‬
‫للمحور الرئيسي بحيث تبدو بعد تفرقها وكأنها قدمت من البؤرة الموجودة‬
‫في جهة السقوط‬

31
69. If a converging lens of 2-m focal length is placed 7 m 74. If a diverging lens of 2-m focal length is placed 8 m
away from a 2.5-m-high door, the distance of the door’s away from a 2.5-m-high door, the height of the door’s
image from the lens will be: image will be:
A 1.4 m A 0.2 m
B 2.8 m B 0.5 m 𝒉𝒊 −𝒔𝒊 𝒉𝒊 −(−𝟏. 𝟔)
= → =
C 0.7 m 𝐬𝐨 . 𝐟 𝟕 × 𝟐 𝟏𝟒 C1m 𝒉𝒐 𝒔𝒐 𝟐. 𝟓 𝟖
𝐬𝐢 = = = = 𝟐. 𝟖 𝒎
D 5.6 m 𝐬𝐨 − 𝐟 𝟕 − 𝟐 𝟓 D2m 𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟏. 𝟔
𝒉 =
𝒊 = 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎
𝟖
‫ بعد الصورة بالسالب الن العدسة المفرقة‬: ‫مالحظة‬
‫(المقعرة ) تكون دائما صور خيالية لكن طولها يكون‬
70. If a converging lens of 2-m focal length is placed 7 m ‫بالموجب ألنها معتدلة‬
away from a 2.5-m-high door, the height of the door’s
image will be:
A 0.1 m 75. If a diverging lens of 2-m focal length is placed 8 m
𝒉𝒊 −𝒔𝒊 𝒉𝒊 −𝟐. 𝟖
B 0.5 m = → = away from a 2.5-m-high door, the magnification of the
𝒉𝒐 𝒔𝒐 𝟐. 𝟓 𝟕
C 1 m door in the lens will be:
𝟐. 𝟓 × −𝟐. 𝟖
D 1.25 m 𝒉𝒊 = = −𝟏 𝒎 A -0.4
𝟕 B +0.4
‫واالشارة السالبة للداللة على ان الصورة مقلوبة‬ 𝒉𝒊 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎
C -0.2 𝑴= = = 𝟎. 𝟐
𝒉𝒐 𝟐. 𝟓 𝒎
D +0.2 : ‫او حل آخر‬
−𝒔𝒊 −(−𝟏. 𝟔) 𝒎
71. If a converging lens of 2-m focal length is placed 7 m 𝑴= = = 𝟎. 𝟐
𝒔𝒐 𝟖 𝒎
away from a 2.5-m-high door, the magnification of the
door in the lens will be:
A -2
B +2 𝒉𝒊 −𝟏 𝒎 76. If a diverging lens of 2-m focal length is placed 8 m
C -0.4 𝑴= = = −𝟎. 𝟒 away from a 2.5-m-high door, the image of the door will
𝒉𝒐 𝟐. 𝟓 𝒎
D +0.4 be:
: ‫او حل آخر‬
A upright and virtual ‫صفات الصورة المتكونة عن‬
−𝒔𝒊 −𝟐. 𝟖 𝒎
𝑴= = = −𝟎. 𝟒 B inverted and virtual ) ‫العدسة المفرقة ( المقعرة‬
𝒔𝒐 𝟕 𝒎
C upright and real ‫تكون دائما خيالية ( في نفس‬
D inverted and real ‫جهة الجسم ) ومعتدلة‬

72. If a converging lens of 2-m focal length is placed 7 m

away from a 2.5-m-high door, the image of the door will
be:
A upright and virtual ‫بما ان بعد الجسم اكبر من البعد البؤري‬
B inverted and virtual ‫للمرآة المقعرة أي ان‬
C upright and real 𝒔𝒐 > 𝒇
D inverted and real ‫بالتالي فان الصورة المتكونة تكون حقيقية‬
‫ومقلوبة‬

73. If a diverging lens of 2-m focal length is placed 8 m

away from a 2.5-m-high door, the distance of the door’s
image from the lens will be:
A 1.6 m 𝐬𝐨 . 𝐟 𝟖 × −𝟐 −𝟏𝟔
B 2.4 m 𝐬𝐢 = = = = −𝟏. 𝟔 𝒎
𝐬𝐨 − 𝐟 𝟖 − (−𝟐) 𝟏𝟎
C 0.8 m
D 3.2 m ‫ البعد البؤري للعدسة المفرقة ( المقعرة ) دائما‬: ‫مالحظة‬
‫ واالشارة السالبة في بعد الصورة تدل على ان‬.‫سالب‬
‫الصورة خيالية‬

32
 Extra Question On Chapter 5

77- The frequency of a radio wave that repeats 78.The only waves that we cannot see are:
5000 times every second is: A red light
A 0.0002 Hz B green light
5000 ‫موجات الضوء االبيض هي المرئية فقط‬
B 20000 Hz C blue light
𝑓= = 5000 𝐻𝑧 ‫اما الموجات التي ترددها اعلى او اقل من‬
C.150000 Hz, 1 D. ultraviolet light ‫تردد الضوء االبيض فهي غير مرئية‬
D 5000 Hz

79. The speed of light in glass is: 80. A beam of light incident at 30⁰ from air into glass
A.3/2 C refracts at an angle of light.
B.2/3 C  A . 45⁰
C.4/3 B. 30⁰ ‫اذا انتقل الشعاع الضوئي من وسط منخفض في‬
D.¾ C C . 60⁰ ‫الكثافة الضوئية الى وسط اكبر منه في الكثافة‬
D. < 30⁰ ‫الضوئية كما في حالة عند انتقال الشعاع‬
‫الضوئي من الهواء الى الزجاج فإن الشعاع‬
‫الضوئي سوف ينكسر مقتربا من العمود المقام‬
81.total internal reflection is possible for a beam ‫وبالتالي فان زاوية االنكسار تكون اقل من‬
of light incident from ‫زاوية السقوط‬
A .glass into water
B .water into glass :‫يحدث االنعكاس الكلي الداخلي‬
C. air into glass ‫عند انتقال الشعاع الضوئي من وسط‬- 1
‫مرتفع في الكثافة الضوئية الى وسط اقل‬
D. air into water .‫منه في الكثافة الضوئية‬
‫ تكون زاوية السقوط اثناء هذا االنتقال‬- 2
. ‫اكبر من الزاوية الحرجة‬
‫وذلك حتى يحدث انعكاس كلي للشعاع‬ 82. Rainbow appears on a :
A. sunny and dry day
B. sunny and humid day
C. dark and humid day
83. The image produced by a converging lens D. dark and dry day
cannot be
A real and enlarged
B. virtual and inverted
C real and inverted
D virtual and enlarged

33