Unit 1: Practice Questions

1.1 1-D Vector Motion 2. A swimmer who achieves a speed of 0.75 𝑚/𝑠 in still water swims
1. A truck driver, reacting quickly to an emergency, applies the brakes. directly across a river 72 𝑚 wide. The swimmer lands on the far shore at
During the driver’s 0.32 𝑠 reaction time, the truck maintains a constant a position 54 𝑚 downstream from the starting point.
velocity of 27 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑓𝑤𝑑]. What is the displacement of the truck during a. Determine the speed of the river current.
the time the driver takes to react? b. Determine the swimmer’s velocity relative to the shore
2. The Arctic tern holds the world record for bird migration distance. The c. Determine the direction the swimmer would have to aim to
tern migrates once a year from islands north of the Artic Circle to the land directly across from the starting position.
shores of Antarctica, a displacement of approximately 1.6 × 10 𝑘𝑚 [𝑆]. 3. A pilot is required to fly directly from London, UK, to Rome, Italy in 3.5 ℎ.
(The route, astonishingly, lies mainly over water.) If a tern’s average The displacement is 1.4 × 10 𝑘𝑚 [𝑆 43° 𝐸]. A wind is blowing with a
velocity during this trip is 21 𝑘𝑚/ℎ [𝑆], how long does the journey take? velocity of 75 𝑘𝑚/ℎ [𝐸]. Determine the required velocity of the plane,
(Answer in both hours and days.) relative to the air.
3. An arrow strikes a target in an archery tournament. The arrow 1.4 Position-Time Graphs
undergoes an average acceleration of 1.37\𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠10 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑊] in 1. Sketch a position-time graph for each of the following scenarios.
3.12 × 10 𝑠, then stops. Determine the velocity of the arrow when it a. A tourist stops in town A for an hour to have lunch and then
hits the target. drives at 80 𝑘𝑚/ℎ [𝐸] for 1.5 ℎ to town B. They shop for an
4. A badminton shuttle, or “birdie”, is struck, giving it a horizontal velocity of hour and then travel at 80 𝑘𝑚/ℎ [𝐸] for 1.0 ℎ to town C where
73 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑊]. Air resistance causes a constant acceleration of 18 𝑚/𝑠 they stop for the night.
[𝐸]. Determine its velocity after 1.6 𝑠. b. A car accelerates from rest at a stop sign, drives a constant
1.2 2-D Vectors speed for a while and then comes to a stop at a red light.
2. Use the graph to determine the average d( km)
1. Determine the vector sum of the displacements Δ𝑑⃗ = 2.4 [𝑊32°𝑆]; 50
velocity for the intervals: D
C
Δ𝑑⃗ = 1.6 𝑚 [𝑆]; and Δ𝑑⃗ = 4.9 𝑚 [𝐸 27° 𝑆]. a. A-B 40
2. In a total time of 2.0 𝑚𝑖𝑛, a duck on pond paddles 22 𝑚 [𝐸 36° 𝑁] and b. A-D B
30
then paddles another 65 𝑚 [𝑆 25° 𝐸]. Determine the duck’s c. B-D 20
a. Total distance travelled
b. Average speed 10
c. Total displacement A

d. Average velocity 2 4 6 8 t( h)
3. A watercraft with an initial velocity of 6.4 𝑚/𝑠 [𝐸] undergoes an average 3. The graph represents the motion d( m)[E]
acceleration of 2.0 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑆] for 2.5 𝑠. What is the final velocity of the of a race car moving along a 400
watercraft? straight road.
300 d(t)=2*t^2
1.3 Relative Motion a. Determine 𝑣⃗ over
200
1. A helicopter travels with an airspeed of 55 𝑚/𝑠. The helicopter heads in the first 14 𝑠.
the direction [𝑊35°𝑁]. What is its velocity relative to the ground if the b. Determine 𝑣⃗ over 100
wind velocity is the last 10 𝑠.
a. 21 𝑚/𝑠 [𝐸] c. Determine the 𝑣⃗ at 2 4 6 8 10 12 t( s)
b. 21 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑁 22° 𝑊] 4.0 𝑠, 8.0 𝑠 and 12.0 𝑠.
d. Sketch the velocity time graph for this motion.
1.5 Velocity-Time Graphs 1.6 Equations of Motion
1. For each 𝑑⃗ − 𝑡 graph sketch the corresponding 𝑣⃗ − 𝑡 graph. 1. A ski jumper, starting from rest, skis down a straight slope for 3.4 𝑠 with a
a d b d c constant acceleration of 4.4 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑓𝑤𝑑]. At the end of 3.4 𝑠, determine
i the jumper’s
i
a. Final velocity
b. Displacement
ii ii
2. An electron is accelerated uniformly from rest to a velocity of
t t 2.0 × 10 𝑚/𝑠 [𝐸] over the displacement 0.10 𝑚 [𝐸].
d e f a. What is the (constant) acceleration of the electron?
b. How long does the electron take to reach its final velocity?
3. During a 29.4 𝑠 interval, the velocity of a rocket changes from 204 𝑚/𝑠
[𝑓𝑤𝑑] to 508 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑓𝑤𝑑]. Assuming constant acceleration, determine
the displacement of the rocket during this time interval.
2. The graph depicts the motion of an v( m/s) 4. A bullet leaves the muzzle of a rifle with a velocity of 4.2 × 10 𝑚/𝑠
100
object moving in a straight line, with [𝑓𝑤𝑑]. The rifle barrel is 0.56 𝑚 long. The acceleration imparted by the
80
east being positive. Determine: 60 gunpowder gases is uniform as long as the bullet is in the barrel.
a. 𝑎⃗ between 5.0 𝑠 and 8.0 𝑠. Is 40 a. What is the average velocity of the bullet in the barrel?
20
the object speeding up or b. Over what time interval does the uniform acceleration occur?
slowing down? –20 2 4 6 8 10 12 t( s) 5. A person throws a golf ball vertically upward. The ball returns to the
b. Δ𝑑⃗ in the first 3.0 𝑠. –40 same level after 2.6 𝑠.
–60
c. The total displacement in a. How long did the ball rise?
–80
14 𝑠. b. Determine the initial velocity of the ball.
d. 𝑣⃗ from 0 𝑠 to 8.0 𝑠. c. How long would the ball remain in flight on Mars, where 𝑔⃗ =
3.7 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛], if it were given the same initial velocity?
3. For each 𝑣⃗ − 𝑡 graph, sketch a possible 𝑑⃗ − 𝑡 graph.
6. A flowerpot is dropped from the balcony of an apartment, 28.5 𝑚 above
a d b d c
i the ground. At a time 1.00 𝑠 after the pot is dropped, a ball is thrown
i vertically downward from the balcony one storey below, 26.0 𝑚 above
the ground. The initial velocity of the ball is 12.0 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛]. Does the
ii ii ball pass the flowerpot before striking the ground? If so, how far above
the ground are the two objects when the ball passes the flowerpot?
t t
d e f
1.7 Projectile Motion 1.8 Advanced Projectile Motion
1. A projectile launched horizontally moves 16 𝑚 in the horizontal plane 1. For a projectile that lands at the same level from which it starts, state
while falling 1.5 𝑚 in the vertical plane. Determine the projectile’s initial another launch angle above the horizontal that would result in the same
velocity. range as a projectile launched at an angle of 36°, 16°, and 45.6°. Air
2. A tennis player serves a ball horizontally, giving it a speed of 24 𝑚/𝑠 from resistance is negligible.
a height of 2.5 𝑚. The player is 12 𝑚 from the net. The top of the net is 2. During World War I, the German army bombarded Paris with a huge gun
0.90 𝑚 above the court surface. The ball clears the net and lands on the referred to, by the Allied Forces, as “Big Bertha.” Assume that Big Bertha
other side. Air resistance is negligible. fired shells with an initial velocity of 1.1 × 10 𝑚/𝑠
a. For how long is the ball airborne? [45° 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙].
b. What is the horizontal displacement? a. How long was each shell airborne, if the launch point was at the
c. What is the velocity at impact? same level as the landing point?
d. By what distance does the ball clear the net? b. Determine the maximum horizontal range of each shell.
3. A child throws a ball onto the roof of a house, then catches it with a c. Determine the maximum height of each shell.
baseball glove 1.0 𝑚 above the ground, as 3. An astronaut on the Moon, where |𝑔⃗| = 1.6 𝑚/𝑠 , strikes a golf ball
seen in the diagram. The ball leaves the giving the ball a velocity of 32 𝑚/𝑠 [35° 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙]. The ball
roof with a speed of 3.2 𝑚/𝑠. lands in a crater floor that is 15 𝑚 below the level where it was struck.
a. How long is the ball airborne Determine
after leaving the roof? a. The maximum height of the ball (relative to the starting point)
b. What is the horizontal distance b. The time of flight of the ball
from the glove to the edge of the c. The horizontal range of the ball
roof? 4. A player kicks a soccer ball towards the goalkeeper at an angle of 37° to
c. What is the velocity of the ball the horizontal and with an initial speed of 14.7 𝑚/𝑠. The keeper stands
just before it lands in the glove? 26.0 𝑚 from the kicker.
4. A projectile launcher launches a snowball a. Where will the ball land relative to the keeper?
at 45 𝑚/𝑠 from the top of building 1 as b. The keeper watches the ball until it reaches its maximum
shown below. Does the snowball land on height, then runs at a constant velocity to just intercept the ball
top of building 2? Support your answer with calculations. at ground level. How fast much they run?
5. An archer pulls back their bowstring and fires an arrow horizontally. The
arrow strikes the ground at an angle of 86° to the vertical 30 𝑚 from the
archer. What was the initial speed of the arrow?
Answers
1.1 1-D Vectors 1.7 Projectile Motion
1. 8.6 𝑚 [𝑓𝑤𝑑] 1. 29 𝑚⁄𝑠 [ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧. ]
2. 7.6 × 10 ℎ; 32 𝑑 2. a. 0.71 𝑠
3. 42.8 𝑚/𝑠 [𝐸] b. 17 𝑚 [𝑓𝑤𝑑]
4. 44 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑊] c. 16° 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧.
1.2 2-D Vectors d. 0.38 𝑚
1. 5.6 𝑚 [𝑆 24° 𝐸] 3. a. 0.87 𝑠
2. a. 87 𝑚 b. 2.3 𝑚
b. 0.73 𝑚/𝑠 c. 11 𝑚⁄𝑠 [75° 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧]
c. 65 𝑚 [𝐸 43° 𝑆] 4. It does land on the roof.
d. 0.54 𝑚/𝑠 [𝐸 43° 𝑆] 1.8 Advanced Projectile Motion
3. 8.1 𝑚/𝑠 [𝐸 38° 𝑆] 1. 54°, 74°, 44.4°
1.3 Relative Motion 2. a. 1.6 × 10 𝑠
1. a. 40 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑊53°𝑁] b. 1.2 × 10 𝑘𝑚
b. 74 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑊44°𝑁] c. 31 𝑘𝑚
2. a. 0.56 𝑚/𝑠 3. a. 1.1 × 10 𝑚
b. 0.94 𝑚/𝑠 [53° 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑒] b. 24 𝑠
c. 42° 𝑢𝑝𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑒 c. 6.2 × 10 𝑚
3. 3.5 × 10 𝑘𝑚/ℎ [𝑆 34°𝐸] 4. a. 4.8 𝑚 short
1.4 𝒅 − 𝒕 Graphs b. 5.3 𝑚/𝑠
2. a. 15 𝑘𝑚/ℎ 5. 65 𝑚/𝑠
b. 5 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
c. 2.5 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
3. a. 16 𝑚⁄𝑠 [𝐸]
b. 36 𝑚⁄𝑠 [𝐸]
c. 16 𝑚⁄𝑠 [𝐸]; 32 𝑚⁄𝑠 [𝐸]; 48 𝑚⁄𝑠 [𝐸]
1.5 𝒗 − 𝒕 Graphs
3. a. 13 𝑚⁄𝑠 [𝐸]
b. 200 𝑚 [𝐸]
c. 0𝑚
d. 17.5 𝑚⁄𝑠 [𝐸]
1.6 Equations of Motion
1. a. 15 𝑚/𝑠 [𝑓𝑤𝑑]
b. 25 𝑚 [𝑓𝑤𝑑]
2. a. 2.0 × 10 𝑚⁄𝑠 [𝐸]
b. 1.0 × 10 𝑠
3. 1.05 × 10 𝑚 [𝑓𝑤𝑑]
4. a. 2.1 × 10 𝑚⁄𝑠 [𝑓𝑤𝑑]
b. 2.7 × 10 𝑠
5. a. 1.3 𝑠
b. 13 𝑚⁄𝑠 [𝑢𝑝]
c. 6.8 𝑠
6. 7.10 𝑚