Experiment No.

(5): The Simple Pendulum

Aim of the experiment:
You will study the relationship between the period of a
pendulum and its length. Also, you will determine acceleration
due to gravity using the simple pendulum.
Theory:
The oscillation is the motion of an object back and forth over the
equilibrium position. The harmonic oscillation is the oscillation that
repeats itself in uniform periods. If the force acting on an oscillating
object is always directed toward the equilibrium position, the oscillation
is called simple harmonic oscillation.
The simple pendulum is mechanical system that exhibits periodic motion.
It consists of a particle-like bob of mass m suspended by a mass-less
string of length l that is fixed at the upper end. Excluding any frictional
forces, if the bob is pulled away from its equilibrium position in an angle
ϑ and released, it swings back and forth in uniform periods. The motion
occurs in the vertical plane and is driven by the gravitational force. If the
angle is small (less than about ), the motion is a simple harmonic
oscillation.

The period T of a simple pendulum is the time needed to complete one

cycle; back and forth. The period depends only on the length of the string
L and the acceleration due to gravity g, and it does not depend on the
mass of the bob m. the period is given by:
This shows a linear and direct relationship between the square of the
period and the length.
The simple pendulum is a convenient device used to determine the
acceleration due to gravity g precisely by measuring the period T and the
string L of the pendulum. Such measurements are important because
variations in local values of g can provide information on the location of
oil and of other valuable underground resources.
 Report:4
Date:8/8/1441
(5) Simple Pendulum Experiment:
By using the given apparatus determine practically the Acceleration
due to gravity
by Simple pendulum method given that:
1- Object:
Determination of Acceleration due to gravity
2- Theory:

3- Unit of Acceleration due to gravity is

m/s2
4- Techniques:
1. set up using a round metal bob with a hook attached to a string. The string passed through a hole
in an aluminum bar
2. Length measurements for the pendulum were taken using a meter stick and caliper
3. Time measurements were made using a stopwatch
4. For measuring the first swing the starting time was determined by holding the bob in one hand
and the stopwatch in the other and simultaneously releasing the bob and pushing Start
5. Measurements were then taken for 20 oscillations (omitting the first) for lengths of 20.098,
26.898, 32.898, 60.1605, 65.56467, 74.648, 89.848, 104.548, 116.498, and 129.898 cm at a
starting angle of about 10 degrees.
5- Results:
x-axsis Y-axsis
L(m) t10(sec) T1=t10/10 (sec) T12(sec2)
0.10 6.66 0.67 0.44
0.20 8.52 0.85 0.73
0.30 11.70 1.17 1.37
0.40 12.69 1.27 1.61
0.50 14.19 1.42 2.01
0.60 15.55 1.55 2.42
0.70 17.15 1.71 2.94
0.80 17.84 1.78 3.18
0.90 19.56 1.96 3.83
1.00 20.57 2.06 4.23
Plotting

1.2
T12(sec2)

1
y = 0.2371x + 0.0103

0.8

0.6 T12(sec2)
))T12(sec2( ‫خطي‬
0.4

0.2

0
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

6-Data analysis:

We are find the slope from the equation of fitting line as we showing
in the box above using excel

7- If g= 9.8 m/s2
then Percentage Error =