Efficiencies

Efficiency fundamental
Power distribution
Indicated power
Brake power

T sometimes given in
form of (W-S)*Reff
W= dead weight (N)
S= Spring balance (N)
Reff = effective radius of
flywheel
Indicated
thermal
Mechanical
Efficiency
Efficiency

Brake thermal
Efficiency
 Mechanical Efficiency

AND

It is also represent as ratio of brake thermal efficiency

to indicated thermal efficiency
Thermal Efficiency
Brake and indicated specific fuel consumptions
specific fuel consumptions Vs. Engine Size
specific fuel consumptions Vs. Engine Speed
specific fuel consumptions Vs. Engine Speed
 Examples
Problem 1: A four cylinder two stroke petrol engine with stroke to
bore ratio 1.2 develops 32 kW brake power at 2500 rpm. The mean
effective pressure in each cylinder is 9 bar and mechanical efficiency
is 86%. Determine. (1) diameter and stroke of each cylinder (2)
Brake thermal efficiency and indicated thermal efficiency if the fuel
consumption is 9 kg/hr having C.V = 43000 kJ/kg

Example 2: During testing of single cylinder two stroke engine

following data is obtained. Brake torque 640 Nm. Cylinder diameter
21 cm, speed 350 rpm, stroke 28 cm, mean effective pressure (mep)
5.6 bar, oil consumption 8.16 kg/hr, C.V. 42705 kJ/kg. Determine
(a) Mechanical efficiency (b) Indicated thermal efficiency (c) Brake
thermal efficiency (d) Brake specific fuel consumption.
 Examples
Problem 3: During a test on a single cylinder four stroke engine having
compression ratio 6, following data is recorded,
Bore= 10cm, Stroke=12.5cm, imep=2.6 bar, dead load on dynometer= 60 N, spring
balance reading= 19N, Effective radius of flywheel=40 cm, fuel consumption =
1 kg/hr. Calorific value of fuel is 42000 kJ/kg, speed= 2000 RPM. Determine its
indicated power, brake power, mechanical efficiency, overall efficiency, air
standard efficiency and relative efficiency.
Example 4: The following results refer to a test on I.C. engine.
Indicated power = 42 kW
Frictional power = 7 kW
Engine Speed = 1800 rpm
Specific fuel consumption per B.P = 0.30 kg/kWh
Calorific Value of fuel used = 43000 kJ/kg
Calculate : 1) Mechanical efficiency 2) brake thermal efficiency 3) Indicated
thermal efficiency.
 Examples
Problem 5: A six cylinder four stroke IC engine is to develop 89.5 kW indicated
power at 800 rpm. The stroke to bore ratio is 1.25:1. Assuming mechanical
efficiency of 80% and brake mean effective pressure of 5 bar, determine the
diameter and stroke of the engine.
Problem 6: A six cylinder, four stroke, Spark ignition engine of bore 10 cm and
stroke 12 cm with a compression ratio of 6 is tested at 4800 rpm on a
dynamometer of arm 55 cm. During a 10 minute test, the dynamometer reads
450 N and the engine consumes 5 kg of petrol of CV 45 MJ/kg. The carburettor
receives the air at the rate of 10 kg/min. Calculate: (a) Brake power, (b) BMEP,
(C) BSFC (C) BSAC, (e) brake thermal efficiency, (f) air-fuel action.
Problem 7: A four cylinder, four stroke spark ignition engine has bore of 80 mm,
stroke of 80 mm, and compression ratio of 8. Calculate cubic capacity of engine
and clearance volume of each cylinder.
Problem 8: A petrol engine with bore 150 mm and stroke 200 mm has a clearance
volume of 700 litres. If the indicated thermal efficiency is 0.30, find the relative
efficiency. Take γ = 1.4.
 Questionnaire :
• Question1 : In which stroke does the engine produce power?
– Answer : The engine produces power in the expansion
stroke of the engine cycle.
• Question2 : What is spark ignition engine and compression
ignition engine ?
– Answer : Spark ignition engine requires external spark
to iginite fuel and air mixture for initiating
combustion.In Compression ignition engine the air fuel
mixture self ignities due to the high temperature caused
by high compression.

A small questionnaire with answers based on the concept. 7

 References:
• http://www.small-engines.com/4cycleth.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_displacement
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke_(engine)
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine
• http://www.howstuffworks.com/diesel-two-stroke.htm
• http://www.mustangmonthly.com/techarticles/97278_how_engines_work/index.ht
ml
• http://www.kruse-ltc.com/Otto/otto_cycle.php
http://www.kruse-ltc.com/Diesel/diesel_cycle.php
• http://www.answers.com/topic/internal-combustion-engine
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/162716/diesel-engine

Links for further reading/references

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 References:

•http://content.answers.com/main/content/img/BritannicaConcise/im
ages/72180.jpg
 

•http://www.howcarswork.co.uk/modules/content/index.php?id=23
http://www.howcarswork.co.uk/modules/articles/index.php?
cat_id=1

•Internal Combustion engine fundamentals

John B. Heywood
•Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal combustion Engine.
Willard W. Pulkrabek