Yard Area Piping

Yard area piping: Piping out side power block is known as yard
area Piping.

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 Yard area Piping
Yard area piping can be divided in two parts

Ø Above Ground

Ø Under Ground

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 Above Ground Piping
In above ground piping following topic will be covered

Ø Rack Piping

Ø Sleeper Piping

Ø Clearance

Ø Human factor guide line

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 Rack Piping
Definition: Pipe racks are structures designed and built specifically
to support multiple pipes where adequate structure is not
available.

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 Rack Piping
.

In rack piping following topics will be covered.

Ø Rack width

Ø Number of tier

Ø Minimum vertical clearance

Ø Clear height between tiers

Ø Arrangement of pipes on rack

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 Rack Piping
Rack width : Following factors will decide the rack width.

Ø Number of Pipes laid on rack

ØSize of Pipes

ØSpace between pipes

ØElectrical /instrument cable tray

ØSpace reserved for future lines

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 Rack Piping
Number Of Tier : Number of tier depend upon following factors.

Ø Multi tier rack are cheaper than single tier.

Ø When space is limited use multi tier even when width requirement
Is 3-4 meters.

Ø When width requirement increases more than 6 meters.

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 Rack Piping
Vertical clearance: At the time of designing rack we should
decide elevation of lower tier of pipe rack on the basis of
following factors.

Ø In maintenance way where loading unloading is expected 6m.

Ø Above main road ways along which crane movements is

expected 10m.

Ø height of equipment to be located beneath the rack at grade

level .

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 Rack Piping
Clear Height Between Tiers : Clear height between tiers
depend upon following factors.

Ø If there is requirement of walk way then man height clearance

has to given.

Ø If any manually operated valve or control station is on rack

then rack tiers has to given space to operate valve easily.

ØGenerally provide space between tiers in range of 1m-3m.

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 Rack Piping
This figure is taken from Dharki project which show the space
between tiers is 1.2m

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 Rack Piping
Arrangement Of Pipes On Rack

Ø Heavier pipelines should be located as near as possible columns.

ØPipes should be located clear off columns so as to enable the

columns to be extended upward for future expansion.

ØValves requiring frequent operation, strainers, safety valves, on-

line flow meters, etc. should not be placed on racks as far as
practicable.

Ø In case of pipes nearest to the columns, locate all joints, flanged

or welded, away from the columns.

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 Rack Piping
Single Tier Arrangement :

Ø Fuel oil line should not be placed adjacent steam lines

or other high temperature pipe work to eliminate fire hazards.

Ø Group of Steam lines requiring expansion loops should be on

one side of the rack.

Ø Within the cluster of hot lines at each level, position of the

hottest line should be at the outermost (nearest to the column).

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 Rack Piping
Multi tier Rack Piping arrangement

Ø If electrical cable trays require different level should be at top

tier.

Ø All critical lines should be in upper level.

Ø Non critical (utility lines) lines should be in lower level.

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 Rack Piping
Multi tier Rack Piping arrangement

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 Sleeper Piping
In sleeper piping we will cover following topics.

Ø Sleeper

Ø Sleeper width

Ø Sleeper span

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 Sleeper Piping
Sleeper : Sleeper is a concrete structure that is used generally in
yard area with C channel for supporting of pipes when BOP pipes
at same elevation .
Sleeper height is generally kept 350mm from grade level.

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 Sleeper Piping
Sleeper Width: sleeper width is decided on following factors

Ø Number of pipe that comes on sleeper and size of pipes

ØSpace between pipe lines

ØLeave 200-300mm space from both side of sleeper

ØGenerally 20% to 25% space is reserved for future lines

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 Sleeper Piping

Sleeper Span: Sleeper span is decided on the basis of following

factors.

Ø Cost of sleeper is high so use of excess sleepers should be

avoided.

Ø Sleeper span is decided on the basis of large bore span

So that we can optimize the cost of supporting.

ØGenerally keep sleeper span between 4.5m-6m

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 Sleeper Piping

This snap shows sleeper span of 4.5m for Cirebon Project

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 Clearance
While designing piping systems ,adequate clearances must be
provided between pipe and other piping systems, duct work
structural steel and concrete , equipment and cable tray to allow
interference-free erection maintenance in service inspection.

Final spacing and clearance should be provided to permit the

maintenance or removal of any valve or other piece of equipment
with out disturbing any adjacent piping or equipment.

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 Clearance

Head room clearance : Provide following minimum head room

clearances under all pipes.

Ø 2.1m over walk way areas

Ø3.8m over maintenance way

Ø6m over roads or any truck access

Ø7m over rail road

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 Clearance
Spacing between parallel pipe lines

Ø There shall be enough space between parallel lines for

assembly of clamps and flanges so keep following distance
between different diameter Pipes.

Ø The minimum face to face distance of cold ,non insulated

pipe shall be 100mm if both adjacent pipes are small
bore

Ø Face to face distance between large bore pipes shall be

150mm

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 Clearance
Ø For pipes size higher than 300mm running parallel to each
other minimum face to face distance should be 200mm

Ø Hot piping should be be designed that sufficient space for

installation of thermal insulation and allowance for thermal
movement will be obtained. insulated piping shall have a
minimum face to face distance of 150mm

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