INFECTIOUS DISEASE

Vocabulary

Disease: a disordered or incorrect functioning organ or system of body

Symptom: a sign or indication of something arises with a disease

Pathogen: any disease-producing agent, especially a virus, bacterium etc

Sneeze: an audibly emotion of air through the nose and mouth by involuntary
spasmodic action

Cough: to spell air from lungs suddenly with harsh noise often involuntary

Viruses: an ultramicroscopic, metabolically inert, infectious

Bacteria: a one-celled organism, spherical, spiral, appearing singly or in chains

Infectious: communicable or spread from one person to another

Noninfectious: caused by hereditary or environmental factor

Fungi: a spongy abnormal growth, as granulation tissue formed in a wound

Parasites: an organism that lives on or in an organism of another species know

as the host

WHAT IS A NONINFECTIOUS DISEASE?

 When you have a disease your body doesn’t work normally. You may
 Feel tired
 Have sore throat
 Have pain in you joints
These symptoms may change depending on the kind of illness.
You can categorize them in:
 Infectious
 Non infectious

 NONINFECTIOUS DISEASES: are cause by
 Hereditary factors.
 Environmental factors

 Hereditary factors: such as

Diabetes: it destroys cell that produce insulin

 Makes it difficult for the body to use sugar for energy.

 Hemophilia: The blood does not clot properly when they get a cut

 Environmental factors

Mutagens: environmental factors that caused mutations or changes in DNA.

Cells reproduce uncontrollably as:

Cancers; that can be Hereditary or from environmental causes

It’s caused by:

o X rays
o Cigarette smoke
o Air pollutions
o UV rays in sunlight

WHAT ARE INFECTIOUS DISEASES?

 These diseases can be picked up from the environment or passed from one
living thing to another.

 Pathogens travel through the air by sneezing and coughing.

 Some pathogens can be passed from non-living things, such as the tetanus
bacteria.

 Pathogens can also be passed by other living things, such as diseases

carried by mosquitos.

WHAT CAN CAUSE INFECTIOUS DISEASES?

 Viruses. They insert their genetic material into a cell and then the cell
make more viruses. Some, such as cold and flu viruses are spread
through air or by contact. However, HIV virus is spread through transfer or
body fluids.

 Bacteria. Bacteria can infect a variety of organs such as lungs. Bacteria

can also cause diarrheal illness and some types of infections.

 Fungi. Some fungi are pathogens. The most common fungal diseases are
skin infections such as athlete`s foot. Skin infections can be passed
through contact with an infected person or contact with surfaces where the
fungus can grow, such as socks and shoes.

 Parasites. Parasites can cause diseases such as malaria and giardiasis.

HOW CAN INFECTIOUS DISEASES BE TRANSMITTED?

 Water and Food. Untreated water such as rivers and streams can carry
pathogens. Bacteria in food can cause illness too, for example chicken
carry salmonella bacteria.
  Person to person. Many diseases that affect the respiratory system are
passed from one person to another through the air by sneeze or cough, for
example, cold, flu and tuberculosis. Pathogens can be passed when an
infected person touches another person. Aids and hepatitis can be passed
during sexual contact.

 Animals to people. Humans can become infected with malaria when they
are bitten by a mosquito infected with the malaria parasite. Animals
infected with the rabies virus can pass the disease on to other animals or
people through a bite that cutes the skin.

 Contaminated objects. Objects that are handled by sick people or that

come in contact with infected animals or contaminated food can pick up
pathogens and transfer them form one person to another. Some of those
objects are towels, keyboards, drinking glasses. People who inject illegal
drugs can easily pick pathogens.

HOW CAN DISEASES BE REDUCED?

 Improve personal hygiene.

 Improve technology used in food preservation.

 Vaccines.

 Modern medical procedures using sterilized equipment, gloves and

masks.

HOW CAN DISEASE BE TREATED?

 Antibiotics.

 Antiviral drugs.