Animal Sexual

Reproduction

• Organisms must reproduce to

increase their number and make
sure that their type of organism
does no die out (extinct).
• Mammals (such as humans) give
birth to babies and many other
animals hatch from large eggs.
 • Sexual reproduction requires two
individuals to produce new
organisms of the same type.
• Two types of specialized cells are
Gametes used: gametes or sex cells.
• Males make gametes called sperm
cells.
• Females make egg cells or ova.
Fertilization

• During fertilization, a sperm cells

enters an egg cell and the two
cell nuclei fuse (become one).
• A single fertilized egg or zygote
is formed and can grow into a
new organism.
• For fertilization to happen, the
sperm cells must reach the egg
cell.
 External
Fertilization
• Is when happens outside the bodies
of the animals, for example, the fish.
• This usually occurs in water.
• Some egg cells do not get fertilized
because the sperm cells are washed
away.
• Most of the animals that use
external fertilization do not protect
their fertilized egg cells, so lot of it
are eaten by other animals.
• Huge numbers of eggs are produced
to ensure some of them get
fertilized and survive.
Internal Fertilization

• The male places the sperm

cells inside the female.
• Birds and mammals use this
fertilization.
• They produce fewer egg cells
because sperm cells are
more likely to reach the egg
cells.
Reproductive Organs
• Gametes are in reproductive organs,
which form an organ system called
the reproductive system.
• In mammals, the male gametes are
made in the testes.
• The testes hang outside the body in a
bag of skin called the scrotum.
• Their position helps to keep the
sperm cells at the correct
temperature to develop properly.
Male Reproductive System

• In mammals, the male gametes are

made in the testes.
• The testes hang outside the body in
a bag of skin called the scrotum.
• Their position helps to keep the
sperm cells at the correct
temperature to develop properly.
• After puberty, male produce sperm
cells for the rest of their lives (up to
100 million everyday).
• A sperm cell has certain features to
help it to do its job.
• When sperm cells are released from
the testes, they travel through
sperm ducts, where fluids are added
from glands.
• The mixture of sperm cells and
fluids is called semen, and it leaves
the body through the urethra, that
is inside the penis.
• The tube also carries urine from the
bladder, but never at the same time
as semen.
 Female
Reproductive
System
• Each ovary contains small,
undeveloped egg cells (ova).
• After puberty, egg cells start to
develop and one is usually
released from an ovary every 28-
32 days.
• A woman´s ovaries stop
releasing egg cells at about the
age of 45-55 years, a time
known as the menopause.
• Girls are born with about
100.000 undeveloped egg cells
in each ovary.
• After leaving an ovary, an egg cell
enters an oviduct (fallopian tube).
• The oviducts are lined with hairs,
called cilia, and these sweep egg
cells toward the uterus.
• The uterus is where a baby will
develop, it has a strong, muscular
walls.
• The lower end of the uterus is
made of a ring of muscle called
cervis.