Reproduction in animal

• Dipankar kumar
• Class-8
• Roll no.9
• Sec: A
• House -arawali
 Introduction
• Reproduction
• Fertilization
• Puberty
• Reproductive system
• Sex determination
• Endocrine system
Reproduction • Types of reproduction
•Reproduction is 1. Unisexual reproduction
the biological
2. Bisexual reproduction
process by which
new individual
organism offspring
are produced from
their parents.
•Reproduction is a
fundamental
feature of life.
 Unisexual reproduction
• In most of higher
animals ,sexes
seprate.some animals
are males and some are
female. Human beings
are unisexual because
they have only one kind
of reproductive organ in
their body.
 Bisexual reproduction
• They are some
organism that have
both male and female
sexual organs are called
bisexual organism or
hermaphrodites.
• The animals like
earthworms,
tapeworms, leeches,
staerfish are bisexual
organism.
Fertilization • Types of fertilization
•Fertilization is the 1. External fertilization
process by which is
2. internal fertilization
the fusion of
gametes to intiate
the development
of a new individual
organism or
offspring.
 External fertilization
• The process of
fertilization –fusion of
sperm with ovum.in
some like frog and
fishes fertilization takes
place outside the body.
This is called external
fertilization.
 Internal fertilization
• The fertilization process
which occurs inside the
female body is called
internal fertilization.
• It take place in birds,
reptiles, and mammals
including human beings.
After fertilization , anew
cell called zygote is
formed.
• The zygote develop into a
new organism.
 Puberty
• The reproductive organs in both males and
females start growing at a definite age called
puberty.
• The age at which reproductive organs being to
grow and the boy and girl become sexually
mature is called puberty.
• Puberty start earlier in females than in males ,
generally females attain puberty at the age of 10
– 12 years while boys reach puberty at the age of
13- 14 years.
 Reproductive system
The male reproductive system
• The male reproductive system consist of testes
, scrotum, epididymis , vas deferens ,seminal
vesicles and penis. Testis are one pair and oval
shaped organs. They are the main
reproductive organ in males. Testes make
male sex cell or gemetes called sperm. They
also secret male sex harmone is called
testosterone .
 Reproductive system
The female reproductive system
• The female reproductive system consist of
ovaries, follopian tubes, uterus, and vagina.
• Ovaries are in one pair and oval shaped
organs.
• The ovaries' makes females sex cells or female
gamete called ovum or egg.
• They also secret female sex hormones called
estrogen and progesterone.
 Sex determination
• A cell contains nucleus. The nucleus contain special str
called chromosomes. They are thread like str which carry
information in the form of genes .
• Each cell contains 23chromosome is called sex
chromosomes. The sex chromosome are two types called x
and y. female contains xx pair chromosome and male has xy
chromosome pair.
• The sex of the baby is determined on which chromosome
is fertilized by the sperm.
• If sperm carry x chromosome fertilizes ovum then it would
be a girl child.
• When sperm carry y chromosome fertilize ovum, then it
would be a boy child .
 Endocrine gland
• Endocrine system is the
system of ductless
glands. These glands
seceret harmones
• Harmones are chemical
messengers responsible
for the control and
cordination of the body.
 Types of harmone in human body
1. Pituitary glands: it is situated just below the brain. it secret
growth harmone which control the human body.
2. Thyroid gland: it is situated in the neck region attached to
the wind pipe. It secret thyroid harmones. It defiency cause
goiter.
3. Parathyroid glands: they are four in numbers and attached
with thyroid glands. These glands secret parathyroid
harmone. It regulates calcium and phosphate levels in blood.
4. Adrenal glands : they are two and located on the top of
kidney. The adrenal glands secret two harmones called
adrenalin and corticoids. The adrenal harmone gives us
energy during fight situation from the fightening situation
 Types of harmone in human body
1. Pancreas : the pancreas located just below the
stomach. It secrets two harmones called insulin and
glucagone. It controls the blood sugar in the human
body.
2. Testes : testes are paired glands in men which seceret
sex harmone called testosterone. They control the
development of male sex organs.
3. Ovaries: ovries are present in females and seceret two
sex harmones called estrogens and progesterone.
There function of female sex harmone is to control
the development of female sex harmones and
maintenance of pregnancy.