First Aid Rubrics 9

Emergency Care
Lesson 1: Dressing and Bandages

Objectives:
 Gather and utilize necessary equipment and supplies for specific
procedures.
 Apply circular, spiral, figure-eight, and fingertip bandages.
Student Tasks
1. Define dressings and bandages.
2. Apply a dressing.
3. Identify several types of bandages and bandage wraps.
4. Apply several types of bandage wraps.
5. Complete all Lesson 1 questions.
Materials
The items below are needed for this lesson:
 Gloves
 Sterile gauze pads
 Tape
 Triangular bandage
 Elastic bandage
 Safety pin
 Roller gauze
 Scissors
 Procedure Checklist: Dress an Injury
 Procedure Checklist: Apply a Triangular Bandage
 Procedure Checklist: Apply a Circular Bandage
 Procedure Checklist: Apply a Spiral Wrap Bandage
 Procedure Checklist: Apply a Figure-Eight Ankle Wrap Bandage
 Procedure Checklist: Apply a Recurrent Wrap Bandage
Lab Procedure
In this lesson, students practice applying a dressing and several types of bandage wraps with
sterile gauze, triangular bandages, elastic bandages, and roller gauze. Give students
directions for practicing the procedures in the lab and how the procedures will be assessed.
Page 1 of 1
Copyright © 2012 Applied Educational Systems
Name: Date:
Unit Title: Emergency Care
DRESS AN INJURY
Procedure Checklist PASS REPEAT
1. Get a partner as directed by your teacher. □ □

2. Get the following items:
 Gloves
 Sterile Gauze Pads
□ □
 Adhesive Cloth Tape
3. Cleanse your hands. □ □

4. Put on gloves. □ □
5. Choose the correct size dressing. It should be big enough to cover an
area at least one inch outside the edges of the injury. □ □
6. Open the dressing package without touching the sterile dressing
material. □ □
7. Pinch the dressing so that you need to touch only one part of it on one
side. □ □
8. Place the untouched side of the dressing on the injury. Avoid sliding
the dressing over the wound. □ □
9. Use tape or a bandage to secure the dressing. □ □
10. If needed, get medical help. □ □
11. Remove gloves and throw them away. □ □
13. If working with a partner, switch roles and repeat the procedure
according to your teacher’s instructions. □ □
Copyright © 2007 Applied Educational Systems Page 1

Name: Date:
APPLY A TRIANGULAR BANDAGE
Procedure Checklist Pass Repeat

 Gloves
 Sterile Gauze Pads □ □
 Triangular Bandage

5. Apply a dressing to the injury. □ □
6. Using a triangular bandage, make a fold on the longest side of the
bandage to create a two-inch hem. □ □
7. With the hem on the outside, place the middle of the two-inch hem on
the forehead, above the eyebrows. □ □
8. Allow the point of the bandage to drape over the back of the head. □ □
9. Wrap the two ends of the base around the head and above the ears. □ □
10. Cross the ends at the back of the head, over the draping bandage
point, and wrap them back around to the meet at the forehead. □ □
11. Secure the ends with a square knot on the forehead. Tuck the ends
into the bandage. □ □
12. At the back of the head, use one hand to support the head. Use the
other hand to gently yet firmly pull down on the bandage point so that □ □
the bandage fits snugly on the head.
13. Fold up the point and tuck it into the crossed pieces of the bandage
at the back of the head.
□ □

Name: Date:
APPLY A CIRCULAR BANDAGE

□ □
 Triangular Bandage

6. Fold a triangular bandage to create a cravat bandage.
 Lay the triangular bandage on a flat surface with longest side of the
bandage facing you.
 Fold down the point of the bandage to the bottom, middle of the □ □
long side.
 Fold the bandage in half towards you again.
 Continue to fold the bandage until it is the width you need.
7. Arrange the center of the cravat bandage over the dressing. □ □

8. Wrap the two ends of the bandage around the body part. □ □
9. Cross the ends at the back of the body part and wrap them back
around to meet over the dressing. □ □
10. Secure the ends with a square knot over the dressing. Always avoid
wrapping any body part too tight, which will slow or stop circulation. □ □
11. Below the bandage, check the patient’s circulation. Look for signs of
poor circulation, including swelling, coldness, numbness or tingling,
pallor or cyanosis. Undo the bandage immediately if any signs of poor □ □
circulation are present.

according to your teacher’s instructions.
□ □

Name: Date:
APPLY A SPIRAL WRAP BANDAGE

 Gloves
□ □
 Elastic Bandage
 Safety Pin

6. Hold the elastic bandage with loose end hanging from the bottom of
the roll. □ □
7. Starting at the bottom of the limb, place the end of the bandage on
the limb at an angle pointing up. Hold the end in place with one □ □
hand.
8. With the other hand, wrap the roll around the limb one time, allowing
a tip of the end of the bandage to stick out above the first wrap. □ □
9. Fold the tip down over the first wrap, and then wrap the roll around
the limb a second time covering the tip. □ □
10. Continue to wrap the limb in a spiral method, moving up the limb.
Overlap each wrap by half the width of the bandage. □ □
11. At the end of the limb, wrap it twice in a circular pattern. □ □
12. To secure the end, tape, pin, or tie the bandage. If a pin is used, place
your hand between the bandage and the patient’s skin to protect the □ □
patient from injury.
pallor or cyanosis. Undo the bandage immediately if any signs of poor □ □

□ □

Name: Date:
APPLY A FIGURE‐EIGHT ANKLE WRAP BANDAGE

 Gloves
 Sterile Gauze Pads □ □
 Elastic Bandage

6. Hold the elastic bandage with loose end hanging from the bottom of
the roll.
□ □
7. Place the end of the bandage on the instep of the foot at an angle
pointing towards the ankle. Hold the end in place with one hand.
□ □
8. With the other hand, wrap the roll around the foot one time, allowing
a tip of the end of the bandage to stick out above the first wrap.
□ □
9. Fold the tip down over the first wrap, and then wrap the roll around
the foot a second time covering the tip. □ □
10. This time, as you wrap the foot and bring the bandage up from the
bottom of the foot, cross the top of the foot in a diagonal and wrap it
around the back of the ankle. As you bring the bandage around the □ □
ankle, wrap it across the top of the foot to complete the figure-eight
pattern.
11. Repeat the pattern around the foot and ankle, moving toward the
heel of the foot. Overlap each wrap by half the width of the □ □
bandage.
12. At the end, wrap the bandage around the ankle twice in a circular
pattern.
□ □
13. To secure the end, tape, pin, or tie the bandage. If a pin is used, place
your hand between the bandage and the patient’s skin to protect the
patient from injury. To tie the bandage, cut the end in half for several □ □
inches and then wrap the ends in opposite directions around the limb
and then tie them.
pallor or cyanosis. Undo the bandage immediately if any signs of poor
□ □

Name: Date:
APPLY A RECURRENT WRAP BANDAGE

 Gloves
□ □
 Roller Gauze
 Scissors
6. Hold the roller gauze with the loose end hanging from the bottom of
the roll. □ □
7. Hold the end of the gauze in position at the bottom of the finger on
the outside or inside of the finger.
□ □
8. Drape the gauze along the length of the finger, over the tip, and
down the opposite side.
□ □
9. Fold the gauze over and overlap the first layer of the gauze along the
length of the finger, over the tip and back down the original side. □ □
10. Repeat this process three or four times, creating a recurrent wrap. □ □
11. Holding the recurrent wrap in place, begin a spiral wrap at the bottom
of the finger. Move towards the tip of the finger, and then move back □ □
towards the bottom.
12. At the bottom of the finger, wrap the gauze across the back of the
hand, around the back of the wrist, across the back of the hand □ □
again, and around the finger to create a figure-eight pattern.
13. Repeat the figure-eight pattern two or three more times. □ □
14. At the end, wrap the bandage around the wrist twice in a circular
pattern.
□ □
15. To secure the end, tie the bandage. Cut the end of the gauze in half
for several inches and then wrap the ends in opposite directions □ □
around the wrist and then tie them.
pallor or cyanosis. Undo the bandage immediately if any signs of poor
□ □
□ □

Emergency Care
Lesson 2: Slings and Splints

Objectives:
 Apply splints.
 Apply a sling.
Student Tasks
1. Define splints and slings.
2. Apply a splint to an injury.
3. Apply a sling to an injury.
Materials
 Commercial splint (optional)
 Pillow or blanket
 Towels for padding
 5 or 6 Triangular bandages
 Commercial sling (optional)
 Safety pin
 Procedure Checklist: Apply a Splint
 Procedure Checklist: Make an Arm Sling
Lab Procedure
In this lesson, students practice applying a splint and a sling using commercial products or
using a pillow or blanket, towels, and triangular bandages. Give students directions for
practicing the procedures in the lab and how the procedures will be assessed.
Page 1 of 1
Name: Date:
APPLY A SPLINT

 Pillow(s) or Blanket □ □
 3 Triangular Bandages

4. Place a splint on each side of the limb. The splint must be long enough
to support the joints above and below the injury. □ □
5. Avoid moving the limb as much as possible. Do not allow the splints to
put any pressure on the injured area. If you are using a blanket or □ □
pillow, you may need only one, as it can be wrapped around the limb.
6. If needed, pad the splints with thick dressings or towels and blankets.
Apply an extra cushion at bony areas. Splints made with pillows may □ □
not need extra padding.
7. Tie strips of cloth or triangular bandages folded into cravats to secure
the splints. Place ties above and below the upper and lower joints and □ □
one in the center of the splint.
8. Inside and below the splint, check the patient’s circulation. Look for
signs of poor circulation, including swelling, coldness, numbness or
tingling, pallor or cyanosis. Undue the ties immediately if any signs of □ □
poor circulation are present.


Name: Date:
MAKE AN ARM SLING

 Triangular Bandage □ □
 Safety Pin
3. Try to find help to hold the injured arm immobile while you work. □ □
5. Using a triangular bandage, drape one corner of the bandage over
the shoulder opposite of the injury with the long side of the bandage □ □
facing the uninjured arm.
6. Drape the short edge of the bandage across the patient’s chest and
under the injured arm. Avoid moving the injured arm as much as □ □
possible.
7. Take the corner of the long side of the bandage that is hanging in
front of the patient and fold it up over the injured arm towards the □ □
shoulder of the injured side.
8. Check that the patient’s hand is elevated above the elbow by five to
six inches. The fingers should be exposed at the end of the bandage.
□ □
9. Tie the two ends of the bandage behind the neck. Do not allow the
knot to rest against a bone. If possible, place padding under the knot.
□ □
10. At the elbow, find the point of the bandage. Fold it forward and pin it
in place. Place your hand between the sling and the patient’s skin to □ □
protect the patient from injury.
11. Inside and below the sling, check the patient’s circulation. Look for
signs of poor circulation, including swelling, coldness, numbness or
tingling, pallor or cyanosis. Undue the sling immediately if any signs of □ □
poor circulation are present.


Emergency Care
Lesson 3: Crutches
Objectives:
 Demonstrate turning, positioning, transferring, and ambulatory techniques.
 Explain routine procedures at client’s level of understanding.
 Demonstrate ability to follow written directions.
 Follow established procedures to safely operate commonly used
equipment.
Student Tasks
1. Define crutches.
2. Identify types of crutches.
3. Describe and perform several crutch gaits.
4. Teach a patient how to use crutches properly.
Materials
 Crutches
 Pen
 Patient’s chart
 Procedure Checklist: Assist with Crutches
Preparation
1. Do this
2. Then this
3. Task number three
Lab Procedure
In this lesson, students practice teaching and performing several crutch gaits. Give students
directions for practicing the procedures in the lab and how the procedures will be assessed.
Page 1 of 1
Name: Date:
ASSIST WITH CRUTCHES

 Crutches
□ □
3. Assemble and check the crutches for rubber suction tips on the
bottom. The tips should not be torn or worn down. Check the handle □ □
and axillary bars for padding.

5. Introduce yourself, identify the patient, and explain the procedure. □ □
6. Check that the patient is wearing good walking shoes that have a 1 to
1 ½ inch heel, are low and broad, and have non-skid soles. If needed, □ □
help the patient put on shoes.
7. Help the patient to stand. □ □

8. Instruct the patient never to rest weight on the axillary bars, which can
cause nerve damage. □ □
9. Instruct the patient to move only small distances with each step.
Moving too far forward can disrupt balance and result in a fall. □ □
10. Instruct the patient to bear weight on the uninjured leg. □ □
To adjust the crutches:
11. Position the crutches under the patient’s arms. The bottom of the
crutches should be placed 4 to 6 inches in front of and 4 to 6 inches to □ □
the side of the patient’s feet.
12. Check that there are 2 inches between the axillary bars and the
patient’s underarm. □ □
13. If needed, adjust the height of the crutches. □ □
14. With the patient’s hands on the handles, check if the elbow is at a 25º
to 30º angle. □ □
15. If needed, adjust the height of the handles. □ □

Name: Date:
ASSIST WITH CRUTCHES (CONTINUED)
To instruct the patient how to perform a four-point gait:

16. Begin the demonstration by standing on both legs with crutches at
both sides.
□ □
17. Move the right crutch forward. □ □
18. Move the left foot forward. □ □
19. Move the left crutch forward. □ □
20. Move the right foot forward. □ □
21. Have the patient try the four-point gait. □ □
To instruct the patient how to perform a three-point gait:
both sides. □ □
23. Move both crutches and the injured leg forward. □ □
24. Transfer weight to the crutches. □ □
25. Move the uninjured leg forward. □ □
26. Have the patient try the three-point gait. □ □
To instruct the patient how to perform a two-point gait:
both sides. □ □
28. Move the right foot and left crutch forward together. □ □
29. Move the left foot and right crutch forward together. □ □
30. Have the patient try the two-point gait. □ □
To instruct the patient how to perform a swing-to gait:
31. Begin the demonstration by standing on both legs or on one leg with
the injured leg bent slightly at the knee to raise the foot a few inches. □ □
Place the crutches at both sides.
32. Bear weight on the leg(s). □ □
33. Move both crutches forward. □ □
34. Transfer weight forward. □ □
35. Use shoulders and arms to swing feet forward to crutches. □ □
36. Have the patient try the swing-to gait. □ □

Name: Date:
ASSIST WITH CRUTCHES (CONTINUED)
To instruct the patient how to perform a swing-through gait:
37. Begin the demonstration by standing on both legs or on one leg with
the injured leg bent slightly at the knee to raise the foot a few inches. □ □
Place the crutches at both sides.
38. Bear weight on the leg(s). □ □

39. Move both crutches forward. □ □
40. Transfer weight forward. □ □
41. Use shoulders and arms to swing feet forward up to and through
crutches, resting the feet a few inches in front of the crutches. □ □
42. Have the patient try the swing-through gait. □ □
For all patients using crutches:
43. Remind the patient never to rest weight on the axillary bars, which can
cause nerve damage. □ □
44. Remind the patient to move only small distances with each step.
Moving too far forward can disrupt balance and result in a fall. □ □
45. Report the patient’s progress with crutches to a supervisor or therapist. □ □
46. At the end of the training session, assist the patient back to bed or a
chair. □ □
□ □

First Aid Rubrics 9

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Emergency Care

Lesson 1: Dressing and Bandages

Unit Title: Emergency Care

Procedure Checklist PASS REPEAT

1. Get a partner as directed by your teacher. □ □

3. Cleanse your hands. □ □

Copyright © 2007 Applied Educational Systems Page 1

Unit Title: Emergency Care

APPLY A TRIANGULAR BANDAGE

Procedure Checklist Pass Repeat

1. Get a partner as directed by your teacher. □ □

3. Cleanse your hands. □ □

Copyright © 2007 Applied Educational Systems Page 1

Unit Title: Emergency Care

APPLY A CIRCULAR BANDAGE

Procedure Checklist PASS REPEAT

1. Get a partner as directed by your teacher. □ □

3. Cleanse your hands. □ □

7. Arrange the center of the cravat bandage over the dressing. □ □

12. If needed, get medical help. □ □

Copyright © 2007 Applied Educational Systems Page 1

Unit Title: Emergency Care

APPLY A SPIRAL WRAP BANDAGE

Procedure Checklist PASS REPEAT

1. Get a partner as directed by your teacher. □ □

3. Cleanse your hands. □ □

14. If needed, get medical help. □ □

Copyright © 2007 Applied Educational Systems Page 1

Unit Title: Emergency Care

APPLY A FIGURE‐EIGHT ANKLE WRAP BANDAGE

Procedure Checklist PASS REPEAT

1. Get a partner as directed by your teacher. □ □

3. Cleanse your hands. □ □

Copyright © 2007 Applied Educational Systems Page 1

Unit Title: Emergency Care

APPLY A RECURRENT WRAP BANDAGE

Procedure Checklist PASS REPEAT

1. Get a partner as directed by your teacher. □ □

Copyright © 2007 Applied Educational Systems Page 1

Lesson 2: Slings and Splints

Unit Title: Emergency Care

Procedure Checklist PASS REPEAT

1. Get a partner as directed by your teacher. □ □

3. Cleanse your hands. □ □

9. If needed, get medical help. □ □

Copyright © 2007 Applied Educational Systems Page 1

Unit Title: Emergency Care

MAKE AN ARM SLING

Procedure Checklist PASS REPEAT

1. Get a partner as directed by your teacher. □ □

12. If needed, get medical help. □ □

Copyright © 2007 Applied Educational Systems Page 1

Unit Title: Emergency Care

ASSIST WITH CRUTCHES

Procedure Checklist PASS REPEAT

1. Get a partner as directed by your teacher. □ □

4. Cleanse your hands. □ □

7. Help the patient to stand. □ □

Copyright © 2007 Applied Educational Systems Page 1

Unit Title: Emergency Care

ASSIST WITH CRUTCHES (CONTINUED)

To instruct the patient how to perform a four-point gait:

Copyright © 2007 Applied Educational Systems Page 2