IOT BASED GREEN HOUSE MONITORING SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION:

The Internet of Things is a vision of a world in which most objects are connected,
transmitting updates about their performance so the people who use them to do
things more intelligently. This vision is being built today, with connected devices
becoming more and more frequent in our daily lives. The basic concept behind the
Internet of Things is that virtually every physical thing in this world can also
become a computer that is connected to the Internet. Here we present an overview
of the Internet of Things phenomena as well as its applications and agriculture. In
the Internet era, where information plays a key role in people’s lives, agriculture is
quickly turning into a very data-intensive industry in which farmers must
accumulate a huge amount of data in order to become more efficient in production
and communicating appropriate information. As the concept of the Internet of
Things becomes increasingly prevalent, many systems are being devised to allow
all manner of data to be gathered and analyzed, and devices controlled via wireless
data networks. The correct environmental conditions are imperative for successful
plant growth, improved crop yields, and effective use of water and similar
resources. We also focus on the development of urban greenhouse monitoring
systems, and present the current and future solutions, concepts and devices that are
currently available on the market. Between efforts to eat more food grown locally,
a younger generation of farmers and enthusiast has started to become reliant on an
infusion of data and technology.
 BLOCK DIAGRAM:

LCD DISPLAY

SOIL MOISTURE RELAY FAN

SENSOR

TEMPERATURE MICRO-
SOLENOID
SENSOR CONTROLLER RELAY VALVE
LPC2138

HUMIDITY
SENSOR
BLUETOOTH
MODULE
RAIN SENSOR

WEB
SERVER,
BLUETOOTH

SHIELD DC
MOTOR ANDROID
PHONE
WORKING:

The proposed system consists of Microcontroller LPC2138, LCD Display ,Soil

moisture sensor, Temperature sensor , Humidity sensor , Rain sensor , Relays ,Fan
,Solenoid valve , DC motor , Shield , Bluetooth module and Android phone to
handle the Android APP which we are going to design for our system.

All sensors are interfaced to microcontroller. This is a microcontroller-based

system which monitors and records the values of temperature, humidity, soil
moisture and rain drop of the natural environment that are continuously updated in
order to optimize them to achieve maximum plant growth and yield.

All this data is sent to the web server via Bluetooth module using Android APP.

Fan is used to maintain the temperature at desired level i.e. if temperature exceeds
above threshold then Fan will be turned ON to maintain the temperature otherwise
Fan is OFF.

Solenoid valve is used to limit the supply of water flow as per requirement.

Soil moisture sensor -

The two copper leads act as the sensor probes. They are immersed into the
specimen soil whose moisture content is under test. The conductivity of soil
depends upon the amount of moisture present in it. It increases with increase in the
water content of the soil that forms a conductive path between two sensor probes
leading to a close path to allow current flowing through.

Humidity sensor -
Humidity sensor is used for sensing the vapours in the air. The change in RH
(Relative Humidity) of the surroundings would result in display of values.
Temperature sensor-

It is an integrated circuit sensor that can be used to measure the temperature in the
greenhouse. It measures and displays the temperature values periodically.

HARDWARE USED:

 Microcontroller LPC2138
 LCD Display
 Soil moisture sensor
 Temperature sensor
 Humidity sensor
 Rain sensor
 Relay
 Fan
 Solenoid valve
 DC motor
 Shield
 Bluetooth module
 Android phone

SOFTWARE USED:
  KeiluVision4 for programming
 Flash magic for program downloading
 Eagle 6.1.0 for circuit design and layout
 Proteus for simulation
 Android

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

MICROCONTROLLER (LPC2138)

LPC 2138 is a heart of our proposed system. It controls all subunits of monitoring
system. The LPC2138 microcontrollers are based on a 32 bit ARM7TDMI-S™
CPU with real-time emulation and embedded trace support, that combines the
microcontroller with 512 kB of embedded high speed Flash memory. Due to their
tiny size and low power consumption, these microcontrollers are ideal for
applications where miniaturization is a key requirement, such as access control and
point-of-sale.

Features:
 32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller in a tiny LQFP64 package.
 32 kb of on-chip static RAM and 512 kb of on-chip Flash program memory.
128 bit wide interface/accelerator enables high speed 60 MHz operation. In-
System/In-Application Programming (ISP/IAP) via on-chip boot-loader
software. Single Flash sector or full chip erase in 400ms and programming
of 256 bytes in 1 ms.
 Two 10-bit A/D converters provide a total of up to 14 analog inputs, with
conversion times as low as 2.44 s per channel.
  Single 10-bit D/A converter provide variable analog output. (LPC2132/2138
only)
 Two 32-bit timers/counters (with four capture and four compare channels
each), PWM unit (six outputs) and watchdog.
 Real-time clock equipped with independent power and clock supply
permitting extremely low power consumption in power save modes.
 Multiple serial interfaces including two UARTs (16C550), two Fast I2C
(400 Kbit/s), SPI™ and SSP with buffering and variable data length
capabilities.
 Vectored interrupt controller with configurable priorities and vector
addresses.
 Up to 47 of 5 V tolerant general purpose I/O pins in tiny LQFP64 package.
 Up to nine edge or level sensitive external interrupt pins available.
 60 MHz maximum CPU clock available from programmable on-chip Phase-
Locked Loop (PLL) with settling time of 100 microseconds.
 On-chip crystal oscillator with an operating range of 1 MHz to 30 MHz
 Power saving modes include idle and Power-down.
 Individual enable/disable of peripheral functions as well as peripheral clock
scaling down for additional power optimization.
 Processor wake-up from Power-down mode via external interrupt.

LCD DISPLAY

 A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual

display, that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid
crystals do not emit light directly.
  We have used the 16 by 2 LCD that means that it can display the two lines
containing 16 characters each. The Pixel Matrix is of 7 by 5 pixels that are
each character can be displayed using 7 columns of the pixels and 5 rows of
the pixels

In our system we prefer to choose a LCD instead of LED or 7-Seg display because
of the following reasons.
1)It has the ability to display numbers, characters and graphics whereas LED
displays are limited to numbers and a few characters.
2) There is refreshing controller in the LCD which reduces the overhead of the
CPU.

3)Ease of programming for characters and graphics.

We have used the 16 by 2 LCD that means that it can display the two
lines containing 16 characters each. The Pixel Matrix is of 7 by 5 pixels that are
each character can be displayed using 7 columns of the pixels and 5 rows of the
pixels. To control the operation of the LCD three control signals are used they are
as follows,

 Enable (EN) : It is used to enable the display to perform any operation with
it.
 R/W (Read/Write) : This signal indicates to LCD processor that the
operation being performed is read operation or write operation.
If it is 1 it indicates the read operation and if it is 0 it indicates the write
operation.
 RS (Register Select): There are two types of registers as command register
and data register. To select one of these registers RS signal is used.
 If it is 0 the command register will be get selected and when it is 1 the data
register will be selected.
 VEE for contrast- if we want to change the intensity then can connect the
POT otherwise connect it to low or ground

 There are 8 lines for the data transfer between micro controller and
LCD

BLUETOOTH MODULE(HC 05)

HC-05 Specification:
 Bluetooth protocol : Bluetooth Specification v2.0+EDR
 Frequency: 2.4GHz ISM band
 Modulation: GFSK(Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying)
 Emission power: ≤4dBm, Class 2
 Sensitivity: ≤-84dBm at 0.1% BER
 Speed: Asynchronous: 2.1Mbps(Max) / 160 kbps, Synchronous:
1Mbps/1Mbps
 Security: Authentication and encryption
 Profiles: Bluetooth serial port
 Power supply: +3.3VDC 50mA
 Working temperature: -20 ~ +75Centigrade
 Dimension: 26.9mm x 13mm x 2.2 mm

DC MOTOR :

 Geared DC motors can be defined as an extension of DC motor which

already had its Insight details demystified .A geared DC Motor has a gear
assembly attached to the motor. The speed of motor is counted in terms of
 rotations of the shaft per minute and is termed as RPM .The gear assembly
helps in increasing the torque and reducing the speed. Using the correct
combination of gears in a gear motor, its speed can be reduced to any
desirable figure. This concept where gears reduce the speed of the vehicle
but increase its torque is known as gear reduction. This Insight will explore
all the minor and major details that make the gear head and hence the
working of geared DC motor.

 External Structure
At the first sight, the external structure of a DC geared motor looks as a
straight expansion over the simple DC ones.

 The lateral view of the motor shows the outer protrudes of the gear head. A
nut is placed near the shaft which helps in mounting the motor to the other
parts of the assembly.
TEMPERATURE SENSOR

LM35 is a precision IC temperature sensor with its output proportional to the

temperature (in oC). The sensor circuitry is sealed and therefore it is not subjected
to oxidation and other processes. With LM35, temperature can be measured more
accurately than with a thermistor. It also possess low self heating and does not
cause more than 0.1 oC temperature rise in still air.
 The operating temperature range is from -55°C to 150°C. The output voltage
varies by 10mV in response to every oC rise/fall in ambient temperature, i.e., its
scale factor is 0.01V/ oC.

RELAY CIRCUIT

A single pole dabble throw (SPDT) relay is connected to port pin of the
microcontroller through a driver transistor. The relay requires 12 volts at a current
of around 100ma, which cannot provide by the microcontroller. So the driver
transistor is added. The relay is used to operate the external solenoid forming part
of a locking device or for operating any other electrical devices. Normally the relay
remains off. As soon as pin of the microcontroller goes high, the relay operates.
When the relay operates and releases. Diode D2 is the standard diode on a
mechanical relay to prevent back EMF from damaging Q3 when the relay releases.
LED L2 indicates relay on.

General Purpose Relay

Most relays fall into this category. This relay consists of a coil of wire with a
ferrous metal in the center. A small hinged and spring loaded piece of ferrous
metal floats slightly above one end of the metal in the center of the coil. When
energized the metal in the center of the coil becomes magnetic and draws the
floating metal towards it. This in turn causes multiple contacts to make and break.
  There are two major advantages to these larger relays.
 They can control multiple contacts
 They can handle very large loads And the major disadvantages: They are
large
 They require a driver circuit
 There are more moving parts which makes them more susceptible to failure

Let's look at a driver circuit for this larger relay.

As you can see, you are going to need a few extra parts for this relay. Just about
any general purpose NPN transistor

will work. The diode is used to keep the reverse voltage from destroying the
transistor when the field collapses. You may need to replace the 10k resistor with a
1k in some cases.

A note about the resistor. At voltage above 9 volts or so I have found the actual
transistor type is important

SOLENOID VALVE
A solenoid valve has two main parts: the solenoid and the valve. The solenoid
converts electrical energy into mechanical energy which, in turn, opens or
closes the valve mechanically. A direct acting valve has only a small flow
circuit, shown within section E of this diagram (this section is mentioned below
as a pilot valve). In this example, a diaphragm piloted valve multiplies this
small pilot flow, by using it to control the flow through a much larger orifice.
Solenoid valves may use metal seals or rubber seals, and may also have
electrical interfaces to allow for easy control. Aspring may be used to hold the
valve opened (normally open) or closed (normally closed) while the valve is not
activated.

A- Input side
B- Diaphragm
C- Pressure chamber
D- Pressure relief passage
E- Solenoid
F- Output side
The diagram to the right shows the design of a basic valve, controlling the flow
of water in this example. At the top figure is the valve in its closed state. The
water under pressure enters at A. B is an elastic diaphragm and above it is a
weak spring pushing it down. The diaphragm has a pinhole through its center
which allows a very small amount of water to flow through it. This water fills
the cavity C on the other side of the diaphragm so that pressure is equal on both
sides of the diaphragm, however the compressed spring supplies a net
downward force. The spring is weak and is only able to close the inlet because
water pressure is equalized on both sides of the diaphragm.
Once the diaphragm closes the valve, the pressure on the outlet side of its
bottom is reduced, and the greater pressure above holds it even more firmly
closed. Thus, the spring is irrelevant to holding the valve closed.

The above all works because the small drain passage D was blocked by a pin
which is the armature of the solenoid E and which is pushed down by a spring.
If current is passed through the solenoid, the pin is withdrawn via magnetic
force, and the water in chamber C drains out the passage D faster than the
pinhole can refill it. The pressure in chamber C drops and the incoming pressure
lifts the diaphragm, thus opening the main valve. Water now flows directly
from A to F.
When the solenoid is again deactivated and the passage D is closed again, the
spring needs very little force to push the diaphragm down again and the main
valve closes. In practice there is often no separate spring; the elastomer
diaphragm is molded so that it functions as its own spring, preferring to be in
the closed shape.

From this explanation it can be seen that this type of valve relies on a
differential of pressure between input and output as the pressure at the input
must always be greater than the pressure at the output for it to work. Should the
pressure at the output, for any reason, rise above that of the input then the valve
would open regardless of the state of the solenoid and pilot valve.
Voltage Current
6V 160 mA
7V 190 mA
8V 220 mA
9V 240 mA
10V 270 mA
11V 300 mA
12V 320 mA

Solenoid valves are the most frequently used control elements in fluidics. Their
tasks are to shut off, release, dose, distribute or mix fluids (liquids and gases).
They are confronted with many different requirements in a plethora of application
environments and must offer: – fast and safe switching – high reliability – long
service life – good medium compatibility of the materials used – low control power
– compact design.

SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

VH400 series soil moisture sensor probes enable precise low cost monitoring of
soil water content.

Because our probe measures the dielectric constant of the soil using transmission
line techniques, it is insensitive to water salinity, and will not corrode over time as
does conductivity based probes. Our probes are small, rugged, and low power.

Compared to other low cost sensor such as gypsum block sensors, our probes offer
a rapid response time. They can be inserted and take an accurate reading in under a
second.

Probes come in standard cable lengths of 2 meters, 5 meters and 10 meters.

Soil Moisture Sensor Probe Applications

 Irrigation and sprinkler systems.

 Moisture monitoring of bulk foods.
 Rain and weather monitoring.
 Environmental monitoring.
 Water conservation applications.

ADVANTAGES:

 User friendly
 Easily implementable
 Cloud computing provides Increased storage
 Can be handled from anywhere
 Helps to increase the growth of plants

APPLICATIONS:

 Crop monitoring
  Agricultural fields
 Nurseries

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