Mechatronics Assignment

1. Identify the sensor, signal conditioner and display elements in the

measurement systems of (a) a mercury-in-glass thermometer, (b) a
Bourdon pressure gauge ?
2. Explain the difference between open- and closed-loop control ?
3. Identify the various elements that might be present in a control system
involving a thermostatically controlled electric heater ?
4 The automatic control system for the temperature of a bath of liquid
consists of a reference voltage fed into a differential amplifier. This is
connected to a relay which then switches on or off the electrical power to a
heater in the liquid. Negative feedback is provided by a measurement
system which feeds a voltage into the differential amplifier. Sketch a block
diagram of the system and explain how the error signal is produced ?
5. Explain the significance of the following information given in the
specification of transducers -
(a) A piezoelectric accelerometer. Non-linearity: 60.5% of full range.
(b) A capacitive linear displacement transducer. Non-linearity and
hysteresis: 60.01% of full range.
(c) A resistance strain gauge force measurement transducer.
Temperature sensitivity: 61% of full range over normal environmental
temperatures.
(d) A capacitance fluid pressure transducer. Accuracy: 61% of
displayed reading.
(e) Thermocouple. Sensitivity: nickel chromium/nickel aluminium
thermocouple: 0.039 mV/°C when the cold junction is at 0°C.
(f) Gyroscope for angular velocity measurement. Repeatability:
60.01% of full range.
(g) Inductive displacement transducer. Linearity: 61% of rated load.
(h) Load cell. Total error due to non-linearity, hysteresis and non-
repeatability: 60.1%.
6. Explain the structure of an 8085 microprocessor?
7. What will be the change in resistance of an electrical resistance strain
gauge with a gauge factor of 2.1 and resistance 50 V if it is subject to a
strain of 0.001?
8. A float sensor for the determination of the level of water in a vessel has a
cylindrical float of mass 2.0 kg, cross-sectional area 20 cm2 and a length of
1.5 m. It floats vertically in the water and presses upwards against a beam
attached to its upward end. What will be the minimum and maximum
upthrust forces exerted by the float on the beam? Suggest a means by
which the deformation of the beam under the action of the upthrust force
could be monitored ?
9. Design a summing amplifier circuit that can be used to produce an output
that ranges from 21 to 25 V when the input goes from 0 to 100 mV ?
10. A differential amplifier is used with a thermocouple sensor in the way
shown in Figure. What values of R1 and R2 would give a circuit which has
an output of 10 mV for a temperature difference between the thermocouple
junctions of 100°C with a copper–constantan thermocouple if the
thermocouple is assumed to have a constant sensitivity of 43 μV/°C?

11. A differential amplifier is to have a voltage gain of 100. What will be the
feedback resistance required if the input resistances are both 1 kV?
12. A sensor gives a maximum analogue output of 5 V. What word length is
required for an ADC if there is to be a resolution of 10 mV?
13. What is the resolution of an ADC with a word length of 12 bits and an
analogue signal input range of 100 V?
14. Input A is applied directly to a two-input AND gate. Input B is applied to
a NOT gate and then to the AND gate. What condition of inputs A and B will
result in a 1 output from the AND gate?
15. Explain what logic gates might be used to control the following
situations.
(a) The issue of tickets at an automatic ticket machine at a railway
station.
(b) A safety lock system for the operation of a machine tool.
(c) A boiler shut-down switch when the temperature reaches, say,
60°C and the circulating pump is off.
(d) A signal to start a lift moving when the lift door is closed and a
button has been pressed to select the floor.

16. Explain, for a microprocessor, the roles of (a) accumulator, (b) status,
(c) memory address, (d) program counter registers.
17. A memory chip has 8 data lines and 16 address lines. What will be its
size?