Average Daylight factor calculations:

𝑊 𝑇𝜃
Average daylight factor = ( )
𝐴 1−𝑅 2

W (Windows area for large windows) = 2 x 1.5 = 3

W (Window area for small windows) = 2 x 0.5 = 1

*Average daylight factor for each of the 12 windows would have to be calculated separately since the obstruction for building
form is different for each window due to building geometry.

A (Total surface area of the room) = 2(15.41 x 11.78) + 2(11.78 x 4) + 2(15.41 x 4) = 580.57

Assumed reflectance for surfaces:

Ceiling = 0.7
Floor = 0.15
Walls = 0.6

R (Total average reflectance of surfaces) =

(0.7 𝑥 15.41 𝑥 11.78)+(0.15 𝑥 15.41 𝑥 11.78)+(0.6 𝑥 2 𝑥 15.41 𝑥 4)+(0.6 𝑥 2 𝑋 11.78 𝑋 4)
580.57
= 0.49

Since the obstruction distance from each of the window is different the sky view angle is calculated for each of the window. The
obstruction is the building geometry itself with a height of 12m in total.
Obstruction Distances:
Window 1a1 and 1a2 = 20
4.45
Window 1b1 and 1b2 = 10 6. Window 1c2 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 ( ) = 36.56
Window 1c1 and 1c2 = 6 6
= 90 – 36.56
Window 1d1 and 1d2 = 6.5
= 53.43˚
Window 1e1 and 1e2 = 5 6.25
Window 1f1 and 1f2 = 4.5 7. Window 1d1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 43.87
6.5
= 90 – 43.87
Sky view angle calculations: = 46.12˚
6.25
1. Window 1a1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 17.35 8. Window 1d2 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (
4.45
) = 34.39
20 6.5
= 90 – 17.35 = 90 – 34.39
= 72.65˚ = 55.60˚
4.45
2. Window 1a2 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 12.54 9. Window 1e1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (
6.25
) = 51.34
20 5
= 90 – 12.54 = 90 – 51.34
= 77.46˚ = 38.65˚
6.25
3. Window 1b1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 32 10. Window 1e2 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (
4.45
) = 41.66
10 5
= 90 – 32 = 90 – 41.66
= 58 = 48.33˚
4.45
4. Window 1b2 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 23.99 11. Window 1f1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (
6.25
) = 57.38
10 4.5
= 90 – 23.99 = 90 – 57.38
= 66.01˚ = 32.61˚
6.25
5. Window 1c1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 ( ) = 46.17 12. Window 1f2 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (
4.45
) = 44.67
6 4.5
= 90 – 46.17 = 90 – 44.67
= 43.83˚ = 45.32˚

Average Daylight Factor Calculations for each window:

3 0.6 𝑥 72.65
1. Window 1a1 =
580.57
( 1−0.492
) = 0.29

3 0.6 𝑥 77.46
2. Window 1a2 =
580.57
( 1−0.492
) = 0.105
 3 0.6 𝑥 58 3 0.6 𝑥 55.60
3. Window 1b1 = ( ) = 0.23 8. Window 1d2 =
580.57
( 1−0.492
) = 0.075
580.57 1−0.492

3 0.6 𝑥 66.01 3 38.65

4. Window 1b2 = ( ) = 0.089 9. Window 1e1 = (
580.57 1−0.492
) = 0.157
580.57 1−0.492

3 0.6 𝑥 43.83
5. Window 1c1 =
580.57
( 1−0.492
) = 0.178 10. Window 1e2 =
3
(
0.6 𝑥 48.33
) = 0.065
580.57 1−0.492

3 0.6 𝑥 53.43
6. Window 1c2 =
580.57
( 1−0.492
) = 0.0726 11. Window 1f1 =
3
(
0.6 𝑥 32.61
) = 0.0.133
580.57 1−0.492

3 0.6 𝑥 46.12
7. Window 1d1 =
580.57
( 1−0.492
) = 0.188 12. Window 1f2 =
3
(
0.6 𝑥 45.32
) = 0.06
580.57 1−0.492

Total Average Daylight factor = 0.296 + 0.105 + 0.23 + 0.089 + 0.178 + 0.0726 + 0.188 + 0.075 + 0.157 + 0.065 + 0.133 + 0.06
= 1.648 %

The average daylight factor is very less and would require artificial lighting at all times to meet the adequate illuminance level
inside the classrooms.

Calculation of Uniformity Ratio:

Uniformity ratio can be calculated and analyzed in two ways – Max/Min illuminance level and Avg/Min illuminance level. Both
the methods have been used for daylight and artificial lighting scenario.

Daylighting: Artificial Lighting:

𝑀𝑎𝑥 810 𝑀𝑎𝑥 726
(i) = -= 27 (i) = -= 6.91
𝑀𝑖𝑛 30 𝑀𝑖𝑛 105

𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 171.55 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 349

(ii) = -= 5.72 (ii) = -= 3.32
𝑀𝑖𝑛 30 𝑀𝑖𝑛 105

Problem – Ideally the uniformity ratio must be close to one. However, both artificial and day lighting scenario does not meet the
criteria and could result in severe glare. This is especially true for the daylight scenario. Due to the obstruction by the geometry
of the building, the left side of the building has less light entering while the back end of the right side of the building has severe
penetration of light.

Solution – To make sure the light from the right side of the classroom is not severe curtains can be used to block some of the
incoming daylight. Windows in the right side could tinted for a similar effect. Artificial lighting can be used in the left side of the
class while the right side of the class could have daylight alone. This would be more energy efficient and at the same time could
reduce glare by raises the lighting levels in inadequate areas.

Lumen Method of Lighting Design to Compare the Number of Luminaires and Spacing:

1. The r