MUST / MUSTN’T

• Must – musieć, jest czasownikiem modalnym; w języku angielskim nie posiada formy
bezokolicznika ani imiesłowów – participles (past ani present). Czasownik występujący po
must jest zawsze w formie bezokolicznika bez „to”. Np.:

I must go to school. – Muszę iść do szkoły.

• Czasownik must/mustn’t ma tylko formę czasu teraźniejszego. Czasownik have to ma

takie samo znaczenie jak czasownik must. Chcąc użyć czasownika „musieć” w pozostałych
czasach, użyjemy odpowiedniej formy czasownika have to (np. had to lub will have to)

• Pytania z czasownikiem must tworzymy przez inwersję. Np.:

Must I go to school? – Czy muszę iść do szkoły?

• Zaprzeczeniem do must jest czasownik needn’t. Np.:

I needn’t go to school. – Nie muszę iść do szkoły.

• Mustn’t oznacza nie wolno. Np.:

You mustn’t shout in a museum. – Nie wolno krzyczeć w muzeum.

EXERCISES

1. Choose must or mustn’t to complete the sentences.

(Uzupełnij zdania za pomocą must lub mustn’t.)

1. You ………. break the rules on the camp.

2. Children ……… talk to strangers.
3. Pupils ……… eat or drink during the exams.
4. You ……… vote if you are under 18.
5. – Why ……… I go out with my friends?
– Because you ……… clean your room first.
6. – How often …….. you water your orchids?
– Oh, not very often. But you ……… water the cacti more often than twice a
month.
7. I ……… go home as it’s quite late.
8. You ……… behave so loud as everybody is sleeping.

Autor: Agnieszka Szefer

Konsultant: Wojciech Lisowski
 2. Choose must, mustn’t or needn’t to complete the sentences.
(Uzupełnij zdania za pomocą must, mustn’t lub needn’t.)

1. You are too tired. You ……… work so hard.

2. Tony ……… wait for the results for another couple of days.
3. You ……… buy this workbook. I’ll lend you mine.
4. ………. I tidy my room again?
5. You ……… go to the doctor. I think it’s not just a cold.
6. People ……… vote. It’s not compulsory.
7. Pupils ……… eat lunch but if they want to they ……… do it in the school
canteen.
8. Tom ……… smoke. He has already had two heart attacks.
9. You ……… practice more if you want to keep fit.

3. Read the short piece of advice and answer the questions below.
(Przeczytaj poniższe porady i odpowiedz na pytania.)

Adapted from: www.rhlschool.com

A Little Advice How to Become a Good Writer

Allow me to give you a little advice about writing fiction. First, you have to make your
characters believable. Make sure that they behave and talk as individuals. In real life, everyone
is unique. If all your characters speak the same way and react to things in the same way, you’ll
lose your readers from the start.
Once your readers believe in your characters, you must get them to care. Each reader
must be able to identify with at least one character, to almost become that character in his or
her mind. You can do this by developing characters with genuine human traits, both good and
bad. The individuals who populate your story must have human strengths and weaknesses.
Now it’s time to weave your tale, to create a plot. Your readers are part of the story
now; they are involved.
One last thing. Your story must touch the readers’ emotions. If you can make them
laugh and cry along with your characters, you will be a successful writer.

1. What are the two most important things to do to write good fiction?
2. What must the reader do to get involved in the story?
3. What must the characters of your story be like?
4. What is the key to success?

Autor: Agnieszka Szefer

Konsultant: Wojciech Lisowski
4. Look at the signs and write what must or mustn’t do in these places.
(Spójrz na znaki poniżej i napisz co musisz a czego nie wolno robić w tych miejscach.)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Autor: Agnieszka Szefer

Konsultant: Wojciech Lisowski