Education in Indonesia

Hijjaz Sutriadi
Leah Situnayake
Yared Stifanos
ECS-51806 | Education and Development
Wageningen University and Research - November 2016
General Overview
Country Profile 255 millions

87% 10%

GDP 16th
GDP-PPP 8th

20% of govt’
expenditure

Republic of Indonesia HDI 0.684

110th medium
Education in Indonesia: HISTORY
Hindu-Buddhist
civilization (7th century)

Japanese occupation Post-independence

Islamic era
(1942 - 1945) (1945 - present)
(13th century)

Colonial era
(17th – mid 20th century)

karsyan pesantren school gakkō sekolah/madrasah

 Education System in Indonesia
4
years Doctorate (S3)
religion-affiliated school

2
(incl. Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism)

years Magister (S2)

1-4
years Bachelor (S1) Diploma (D4/D3/D2/D1) Islamic university (UIN) 18-22 years old

3
years Secondary school (SMA) Vocational school (SMK) Islamic secondary (MA) 15-18 years old

3
years Junior secondary school (SMP) Islamic junior secondary (MTs) 12-15 years old

6
years Primary school (SD) Islamic primary (MI) 6-12 years old

public and/or private public and/or private attendance age

Education in Indonesia: FIGURES
enrolment rate
100
96.9% 95.2%
90
50 millions 80
students 70 67% 67.5%
60
50
40
30 21.8% 24.4%
20
300,000 10

4th schools 0

primary secondary tertiary

biggest
female male
3 millions
Data: ASEAN 2013 teachers Data: World Bank 2010
Framework Analysis
 Framework Analysis

economy

politics

education
social

technology
C.J.H.M. van Dam
Politics and Economy of Indonesia stable economy growth
democratic system

young and inexperienced

government high economy growth Asian freedom of speech
political instability authoritarian government financial
crisis
GDP grows

inflation GDP grew

income
inequality
low literacy rate literacy increased

poverty and hunger corrupt govt

post-independence new order reformasi post-reformasi

1945 – 1960s 1960s – 1990s 1997 1998 - present
 Economy on Education

13.6%
agriculture

20%
43.6% GDP others
education
services

42.8%
industry government
expenditure
 Education on Economy
2
14.2 million
million
labor
services forces/year

7.1 million
enter the market
2015 industry

Quality (?)
Job Creation 4.4 million
manufacture
Education on Economy

rural urban

low low better competitive

wage literacy offer jobs
 Politics on Education

Ministry of Religious Ministry of National

Affairs Education

16% Higher access

Improved quality
84%
Better governance
School operation funds

Power + influence --> changing curriculum

Education on Politics Student-led
demonstration

Call for freedom of

expression

Call for democratic

leadership

Call for social and

economic justice

1974 1998
 Social on Education

Social status

position

Teacher-centered
learning approach
age

social values and norms

Education on Social religious norms and values
embedded in society

compulsory teaching
(primary – secondary)

Opportunity Threat
value of diversity potential riot
Technology on Education

Ministry of National
Education

Indonesia Integrated
Online Course

CHALLENGE ! Quality Accessiblity

 Education on Technology

shipping

Demand-driven electronics

USD 54,000
per vocational
school
manufacture
Technical Vocational
Education and Training Practice-oriented
(TVET) programs
agriculture

fisheries
Open Discussion
 Problem Statement

Religion education prevents

proper development (?)
 agree with the statement Disagree with the statement

Subjective thinking Norms and values

Not factual for critical thinking Personal development

Indoctrination Social tool