Outline of Presentation

1. Project Introduction, Location, Objectives

2. Study Methodology
3. Existing Environmental Conditions
4. Environmental Issues
5. Study Area
6. Study Methodology
7. Time Schedule
8. Alternative Analysis
9. Enhancement and Mitigation Measures
10. Environment Management Plan

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1.2 Land Take
S. N. Project Features Land required Remarks
(approx.)

1. Tower Pads 3.72ha Including 93 APs

2. Substations 10.5ha 2 substations

RoW including Angle

3. 136.72ha
Towers (land restriction)

4 Access Road 0.75ha

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2. Study Methodology
• Literature Review

• Field Investigation: 2073/03/12 to 2073/03/26 BS

• Public Notice and Pubic Meetings

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 3. Existing Environmental Conditions
3.1 Physical Environment
• Climate:
Manang
Temp.: 22 to 27oC (max); -2 to -9 oC (min)
Rainfall: 398 mm
Lamjung
Temp.: 26.7oC (max); 14.1oC (min)
Rainfall : 2944.23mm

• Altitudinal Variation: 648.4 m (Beshishahar) to

2182.2 m (Dharapani).

• Landuse of RoW:
RoW will cover about 136.72ha of land which consists 52.92% (67.33ha) of terraced
cultivated land, 39.57% (57.14ha) of forest, bushland and grassland & remaining
7.51% (12.24ha) others.

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3. Existing Environmental Conditions
3.2 Biological Environment
• Vegetation: Types of forest- Pinus roxburghii forest, Schima-Castanopsis
forest, Alnus forest, Pinus forest and bushes in upper stretch whereas
Shorea robusta forest in lower stretch of the route.

• Protected Area: about 18km of TL within ACA.

• CFs: 17 CFs (4 from Manang and 13 from Lamjung)

• Wildlife: Mammals-Rabbit (Lepus nigricolis), Leopard (Panthera pardus),

Jackal (Canis aureus), Common Langur (Presbytis entellus) Dumsi (Histrix
indica), Malsanpro (Martin flavigula) and Rhesus Monkey (Macaca
mulattaa).
Birds- House crow (Corvus splendens), House sparrow (Passer
domesticus), Kalij (Lephura leucomelana), Koili (Surniculus lugubris), Jureli
(Pycnonotus cafer), Titra (Francolinus spp.), Kalchaudo (Myophonus
caeruleus), Bakulla (Bubulcus ibis), Pani Hans (Podiceps cristatus),
Lampuchchhre (Cissa erythrorhyncha), Chibe (Dicrurus adsimilis), etc.

Sal (Shorea robusta), Champ (Michelia champeka) and Simal (Bombax

ceiba) found is the project area is a protected tree species of Nepal 8
3. Existing Environmental Conditions
3.3 Socio-economic and
Cultural Environment

• VDCs :11 ( 3 from Manang

and 8 from Lamjung)
One municipality (Besishahar)

• Population (11 VDCs & 1 municipality) : 50,844 (males

45.37%;Females 54.63%)

• HH: Total 13,063

• Literacy Rate(=>5 years):73.09% (male 82.29%; female

65.6%)
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 4. Environmental Issues
4.1 Physical Environment
Construction Phase
 Changes in topography and land use pattern;
 Soil erosion during the construction of tower pads;
 Impact due to stock piling;
 Impact on air, noise and water quality;
 Impact on drainage pattern;
 Soil erosion and sedimentation related to excavation works; temporary and
permanent access roads;
 Waste disposal during construction;
 Impact due to accidents.
Operation Phase
• Impact due to land fragmentation;
• Visual/aesthetic impacts;
• Impact on land use;
• Interference with air traffic;
• Impact of change in natural drainage system;
• Impact due to Electromagnetic effect. 10
 4. Environmental Issues
4.2 Biological Environment
Construction Phase
• Loss of forest and vegetation cover due to site clearance within the RoW;
• Impact on nearby forest due to increase in demand for firewood and
timber;
• Disturbances to wildlife habitat and movement due to construction related
activities;
• Likely illegal hunting and poaching;
• Likely impacts on rare, endangered and protected species of flora and
fauna;
• Risk of forest fire.

Operation Phase
• Electrocution of birds and mammals;
• Likely changes in biological environment.

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 4. Environmental Issues
4.3 Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment
Construction Phase
• Acquisition of land/private property of PAF and SPAFs; Relocation/resettlement;
• Occupational health and safety hazards;
• Loss of standing crops and farming hindrances;
• Sudden cash flow due to increased economic activities; its effects on local economy
and people;
• Change in land value
• Influx of workers; increase pressure on existing health and sanitation facilities;

Operation Phase
• Loss of agricultural productions;
• Restriction on land use pattern within the RoW;
• Farming hindrances due to tower foundations;
• Occupational health and safety hazards.

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 4. Environmental Issues
Public Concerns
• Compensation to be given as per the market rate;
• Structures (public and private) should be avoided as far as
possible;
• Plantation should be carried out in barren land;
• Priority for employment should be given to local people;
• Collaboration between project and communities;
• Warning signs, information boards and awareness programmes
to be carried out
• Due consultation and coordination with CFUG and ACA
management committee

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 4. Environmental Issues
Issues Prioritized for EIA
• Acquisition of land and assets
• Loss of vegetation and plant species
• Loss of wildlife habitat
• Compensation for land and property
• Restriction of land use along RoW
• Employment opportunities for local
• Appropriate mitigation and enhancement measures

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 Terms of Reference
5. Study Area
a) Direct Impact Area (DIA): The National EIA Guidelines 1993
defines the direct impact as a direct alteration in the exiting
environmental conditions as a consequences of project
activity. So, DIA includes all the components of the MCTLP
which mainly consists of 35m RoW of the TL alignment of
45.57km. In addition, the DIA also includes the substation
area and the access road.
b) Indirect Impact Area (IIA): This consists the surrounding area.
Any built-up community infrastructures and facilities, forests,
surrounding the DIA will be studied in this impact area.
6. Study Methodology
Data Requirements: Primary data and secondary data

6.1 Physical Environment

• Meteorological data, air and noise quality of the project area
• Land use and land use pattern, geological data, existing condition of
landslide
• Spoil materials and access road
• Identification of water body, springs, rivers in proximity of construction
sites, storage facilities
• Existence of air flight path close to RoW

6.2 Biological Environment

• Forest type, distribution, presence of rare, endangered/protected species
• Tree density, frequency, basal area, estimated loss of no/vol., shrubs, herbs
• Current use of vegetation, ethno-botany, medicinal plants non-timber
forest
• Wildlife habitat and movement/migration corridor
• Habitat Characterization 16

• Wildlife, reptiles and aquatic life

6. Study Methodology
6.3 Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment
• Location / separation of existing settlements, structure
• Demographic characteristics, ethnicity and religion; education and skill
level; health and sanitation, Gender and ethnic minorities
• Land holding size and ownership
• Community infrastructure & service; education institutions; local institution
• Cropping pattern, practices and production; livestock raising;
• Estimation of loss of standing crops
• Local price information; economy; Location of market centres
• Income and expenditure of PAFs
• Measurement and valuation of structures; compensation rates
• Places of cultural importance; Cultural practices
• Aesthetic value of the affected landscape
• Attitude of the local people.

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2. Study Methodology
Data Collection Methods
Primary data
Secondary data

1 Physical Environment
• Field Investigation
• Site specific observation of air and noise quality

2 Biological Environment
• Field Observation
• Quadrat samplings in representative forest types
• Key informants survey; stakeholders meetings
• Biological questionnaire and checklists

3 Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment

• Field Observation
• Households survey of the PAFs
• VDC Checklists, questionnaire, market survey
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6. Study Methodology
Public Involvement Plan

• Public consultations like group discussions shall be carried out

during EIA. The study shall document public issues and ensure
public participation during the process.

• The draft EIA report shall be made available to stakeholders in

corresponding VDCs and DDCs for obtaining feedback and
suggestions.

• A Public Hearing shall be conducted in the project affected

area after completion of Draft EIA report.

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7. Time Schedule
• The EIA report will be completed with 8 months after the approval of SD
and ToR from MoPE.
S.N. Description Duration (Months)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1. Approval of SD and ToR
2. Desk Study and Field Preparation
3. Field Investigation
4. Data Analysis
5. Draft Report preparation
6. Public Notice, Public Hearing
7. Report finalization and submission to MoFE
8. Review Meeting and Comment Incorporation
9. Final Report submission and approval

8. Alternative Analysis
• Different alternatives shall be considered and environmental
implications of these alternatives will be examined.
• No action alternative
• No forest option
• No ACA option 20
• Other alternatives
9. Enhancement and Mitigation
Measures
• The EIA team shall recommend the following types
of mitigation measures:
Preventive measures
Design and corrective measures
Compensatory measures
• Adverse impacts shall be evaluated in detail and cost
effective mitigation measures will be recommended.

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10. Environmental Management Plan
• The mitigation measures shall be presented in the
EMP.
• The EMP shall present the proposed work programs,
their impacts, schedules, staffing, and agencies
responsible for implementing the mitigation plan.
Environmental Monitoring Plan
• Monitoring plan shall be prepared in terms of
baseline, impact and compliance monitoring plans.
Environmental Audit Plan
• An Environmental Audit Plan shall be prepared.
• The auditing shall be carried out two years after the
completion of the project as per the EPR, 1997.

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