pianissimo [pp] = (very quiet)

MUSIC piano [p] = (quiet)

ELEMENT Basic Related Terms mezzo-piano [mp] = (moderately quiet)
Rhythm beat, meter, tempo, syncopation mezzo-forte [mf ] = (moderately loud)
Dynamics forte, piano, [etc.], crescendo, decrescendo forte [f ] = (loud)
Melody pitch, theme, conjunct, disjunct fortissimo [ff ] = (very loud)
Harmony chord, progression, consonance, dissonance,
key, tonality, atonality HARMONY
Tone color register, range, instrumentation Harmony is the VERTICALIZATION of pitch. Often, harmony is thought of as the art of
Texture monophonic, homophonic, polyphonic, combining pitches into chords (several notes played simultaneously as a "block"). These
imitation, counterpoint chords are usually arranged into sentence-like patterns called chord progressions.
Form binary, ternary, strophic, through-composed
Harmony is often described in terms of its relative HARSHNESS:
RHYTHM • DISSONANCE: a harsh-sounding harmonic combination: unpleasant
Rhythm is the element of "TIME" in music. When you tap your foot to the music, you are • CONSONANCE: a smooth-sounding harmonic combination: pleasant
"keeping the beat" or following the structural rhythmic pulse of the music.
TONE COLOR or TIMBRE
There are several important aspects of rhythm: Timbre in music is also identified as “color.” It is the quality and tone of a sound which
• DURATION: how long a sound (or silence) lasts. (notes and rests) makes it unique.
• TEMPO: the speed of the BEAT.
• METER: Beats organized into recognizable/recurring accent patterns. Meter can be
seen/felt through the standard patterns used by conductors. TEXTURE
Example: Texture refers to the number of individual musical lines (melodies) and the relationship
these lines have to one another. NOTE: Be careful not to confuse the number of musical
lines with the number of performers producing the musical lines.

Monophonic (single-note) texture: Music with only one note sounding at a time (having no
harmony or accompaniment).

Homophonic texture: Music with two or more notes sounding at the same time, but
generally featuring a melody, supported by a harmonic accompaniment underneath.

Polyphonic texture: Music with two or more independent melodies sounding at the same
time.
DYNAMICS
All musical aspects relating to the relative loudness (or quietness) of music fall under the
general element of DYNAMICS.

The terms used to describe dynamic levels are often in Italian:

 ARTS A principle of design that refers to the
PROPORTION relationship of certain elements to the
7 ELEMENTS OF ARTS whole and to each other
 Line A way of combining elements by using a
 Color series of gradual changes in those
GRADATION
 Shape elements. (large shapes to small shapes,
 Form dark hue to light hue, etc)
 Value A way of combining similar elements in an
 Space artwork to accent their similarities
 Texture
HARMONY
(achieved through use of repetitions and
LINE subtle gradual changes)
Lines are the path of a moving point. They define the edges of shapes and forms A principle of design concerned with
COLOR diversity or contrast. Variety is achieved by
Hue of an object when light is reflected off of it. VARIETY
using different shapes, sizes, and/or colors
SHAPE in a work of art
2-d, flat, when a line connects to itself A principle of design used to create the
FORM MOVEMENT look and feeling of action and to guide the
3-d forms can be actual or implied, they have height, width, and depth viewer’s eye throughout the work of art
VALUE
The lights and darks of a color within a work of art
SPACE PHYSICAL EDUCATION
The area around a subject in a work of art. Shown with size, overlap, and proportion
TEXTURE PHYSICAL FITNESS
The way something feels or the way it looks like it feels. Physical fitness refers to the ability of your body systems to work together efficiently to
allow you to be healthy and perform activities of daily living. It is made up of 11 parts - 5 of
PRINCIPLES OF ART: Balance, emphasis, movement, proportion, rhythm, unity, and variety; them health-related and 6 skill-related. All of the parts are important to good performance
the means an artist uses to organize elements within a work of art. in physical activity, including sports.

A principle of design that indicates HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS

movement, created by the careful
RHYTHM
placement of repeated elements in a work
of art to cause a visual tempo or beat
A way of combining elements to add a
feeling of equilibrium or stability to a work
BALANCE
of art. Major types are symmetrical and
asymmetrical
(contrast) A way of combining elements to
EMPHASIS stress the differences between those
elements
It is the ratios of muscle, fat, and bone. It is
Body Composition
usually measured as a percentage of fat.
The ability to bend. It can be measured in
Flexibility
the range of motion of different joints
How much oxygen the heart and lungs can
Cardiovascular Endurance deliver to the body while moving for an
extended length of time
The length of time a muscle can move a
Muscular Endurance
weight for an period of time.
Muscular Strength How much weight a muscle can move

SKILL-RELATED FITNESS
How fast a distance can be traveled in,
Speed whether it is the whole body or just a part
of the body like the foot for example
The strength and speed combined, as in a
Power
punch, a fist has no power with no speed
Reaction Time Amount of time to initiate an action

Agility Ability to move under control

Ability to synchronize movement of

Coordination
different body parts
The ability to stay upright or stay in control
Balance
of body movement