Review of the Elements of Music

I. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this class, you should be able to:
a. Enumerate the different elements of music;
b. Analyze music according to the elements of music.

II. DISCUSSION:

Have you ever wondered how music is made? What things should be considered when creating music? And, what makes music, music?

Music is the grouping of sounds that people arranged in a pleasing or meaningful way. Music, like Lego, is composed of different parts
called “elements of music”. These elements, namely rhythm, pitch, timbre, tempo, dynamics, form, texture, and harmony, are the building
blocks to create music.

 TIMBRE
Timbre refers to the sound source or medium used in music. Music can be classified as vocal music if it uses/incorporates
human voice and instrumental music if it uses purely musical instruments.

Vocal Timbre is classified according to sex and vocal range. Males are classified as bass, baritone, tenor, and countertenor.
Basses have the lowest voice, Tenors the highest, Baritones vocal range is in between the basses and tenors, and countertenors
are male singers whose vocal range is as high as the females. Females, on the other hand, are classified as contralto, mezzo-
soprano, and soprano. Contraltos have the lowest voice, Sopranos the highest and mezzo-sopranos are in between the
contraltos and sopranos.

Instrumental Timbre is classified according to Hornbostel-Sachs’ classification of musical instruments.

AEROPHONE
Instruments that require the movement of air to produce sound.

CHORDOPHONE
Instruments that have strings and are bowed, strummed, or plucked to make a sound

Hornbostel-Sachs IDIOPHONE
Classification Instruments that are hit, shaken, or scraped to make a sound.

MEMBRANOPHONE
Instruments that have skin or stretched membrane and is plated by hitting or striking.

ELECTROPHONES
Instruments that require electricity to amplify the sound.

 DYNAMICS
Dynamics is the element of music that refers to how loud, how soft and the movement of volume of sound in music.

The following are musical symbols used to indicate dynamics.

Crescendo
Gradually becoming loud

ppp pp p mp mf f ff fff
Very very Very soft Soft Moderatel Moderatel Loud Very loud Very very
soft y soft y loud loud

Decrescendo
Gradually becoming loud
 TEMPO
Tempo is the element of music that refers to the speed of music.

Beat is the basic indication of tempo. Just like the movement of the second hand of the clock, a beat is the constant/regular pulse
of music. Beat becomes relatively fast or slow depending on the tempo of the music.

The following are musical symbols used to indicate tempo.

 RHYTHM

Rhythm is the music’s pattern in time. It refers to how the music flows; the length of the different sounds arranged in the music.
Try singing the song Bahay Kubo and as you sing the song, clap together along the movement of the lyrics. Notice that not all
words of the song have the same length.

 PITCH
Pitch is the element of music that refers to the highness or lowness of sound.

***Melody is formed when pitch and rhythm work together.

 FORM
In the Philippine National Anthem, you will notice that the song has 3 parts, and each part has its distinct melody. This structure
of music is referred to as the element called form – the number of parts and its corresponding melody.

The following are the most common form of form used in music:
1. Unitary – (A)
This form of music is classified as a song that has only one part and one melody. Example of music belonging to
this form is Ako Ay May Lobo.
2. Strophic – AAA…
This form of music is classified as a song that has only two or more part but one melody only. Example of music
belonging to this form is Leron, Leron Sinta.
3. Binary – AB
This form of music is classified as a song that has two part and two melody. Example of music belonging to this
form is Sarung Banggi.
4. Ternary – ABA or ABC
This form of music is classified as a song that has 1.) Three parts and three melody or 2.) two parts and two
melody but the song has to end on the first melody. Example of music belonging to this form is Lupang Hinirang.
 HARMONY
Harmony is the element of music referred to as the simultaneous sounding of different pitches. In simple terms, this is called
“voicing” or when you hear two or more singers singing different melodies or when you hear the guitar strings playing different
pitches when strummed or when you hear a person singing while being accompanied by any musical instruments.
  TEXTURE
In timbre, we discussed that human voice and instruments are used as mediums to create music. In the texture, we are looking
for the mediums used in the creation music and the number of layers of music these mediums have created.

The following are the most common form of texture used in music:
1. Monophonic – one melodic line without accompaniment (1 layer of sound)
2. Homophonic – one melodic line with accompaniment (2 layers of sound – for example, a person singing with the
guitar or the violin playing with the piano)
3. Polyphonic – two or more melodic lines (2 or more layers of sound – for example, a person singing the song
“Leron Leron Sinta” with another person is singing “Sitsiritsit”)

III. DEVELOPING MASTERY:

Identify what is being described in each sentence.
____1. This refers to the heartbeat of music.
____2. This refers to the pattern of music in time.
____3. This refers to the simultaneous sounding of two different pitches.
____4. This refers to the texture characterized by two or more different melodies playing simultaneously.
____5. This refers to the male singing voice whose vocal range is same as that of women.
____6. The element of music is responsible for the speed of music.
____7. This form is characterized by two different parts with the same melody.
____8. This refers to how high or how low a sound is.
____9. This refers to the structure of the music.
____10. There is a party at your home and like every Filipino people, your party has a karaoke on going. You are singing your favorite
song but accidentally your mother unplugged the machine. Nevertheless, you kept singing the song as if nothing happened.
What texture of music were you creating after the karaoke went off?

IV. FINDING PRACTICAL APPLICATION:

Music can be found all around us. List 10 instances where the different elements of music is manifested in our daily living.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

V. EVALUATING LEARNING:
MUSICAL ANALYSIS. Listen to the music indicated below and analyze the music based on the elements of music used by answering the
musical analysis guide below.

1. Yiruma – River Flows in You

2. Lola Amour – Raining in Manila

Musical Analysis Guide

Timbre: Identify the vocal timbre and/or instrumental timbre from the given music.
Dynamics: What is the level of dynamics at the start of the music? Was this constant from the start to the end or did the dynamic level
change?
Tempo: What is the speed of the music? Was this constant from the start to the end or did the tempo change?
Form: How many parts are there in the music? What is the pattern of music? Identify the form of the music.
Texture: How many sound sources/layers are there? What texture is used?

Prepared by:
Wilfred Y. Ortega
Teacher III, PNHS – Main
Day 2 Review of the History of Western Music

POSTER-SLOGAN. On a long bond paper, create a poster-slogan that shows the importance of having a healthy lifestyle. Your output will be
graded using the rubric below.
Contents and Relevance to theme
Graphics Relevance
Grammar
Attractiveness
Day 3 Physical Education
3 some of the contents are not
related to the theme
3 1 or 2 graphics are misplaced
and has no connection to the topic
3 3 or more grammatical errors
present
3 acceptably attractive though a
little messy
4 most of the contents are related
to the theme.
4 all graphics are related to the
topic and most make it easier to
understand
4 1-2 grammatical errors are
present
4 attractive in terms of design,
layout, and neatness
5 all contents are related to the
given theme.
5 all graphics are related to the
topic and make it easier to
understand
5 no grammatical error
5 exceptionally attractive in terms
of design, layout, and neatness.
Prepared by:
Wilfred Y. Ortega
Teacher III, PNHS – Main
 Day 4 Concepts in Consumer Health Education
I. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this class, you should be able to:
A. Identify the components of Consumers Health
B. Enumerate the importance of Consumers Health
C. Show the effect of being a good consumer of health information, product and service.

II. DISCUSSION
Consumer Health Education

 Consumer Health – refers to the decisions you make about the purchase of product and use of health information and services that will
have direct effect on your health.
 Health Information – is the data and facts you got from media and people including the professionals and agencies.
 Health Products – are those substances, materials or equipment prepared of manufactured for you to buy and use in the maintenance
of health and the treatment of diseases. Example is food, eye glasses, medicines, cosmetics, cars, appliances and others.
 Health Services – refer to the health Information, actions, procedures or work furnished, or supplied to help satisfy your needs and
wants as a consumer. This are things and services people do for other people. Example of health services are medical consultation and
treatment, using the telephone, using the electricity and payment for transportation, payment for haircut, payment for newspaper and
your favorite magazine and comics.
 Consumer Health Education – is the process of assisting you to acquire the correct information and understanding so that you will be
able to make a wise decision about a certain health item.

Types of Sources of Health Information and Health Products

 Reliable sources of health information and products are licensed professionals who took up specialized and intensive studies in the
field.
 Unreliable sources of information and products are those from people who are not experts in this field.
 Consumers Source of Information in Buying Products and Services
1. Labels and Direction 6. Advertisement and Commercials
2. Health Educators 7. Consumer Advocacy Group
3. Practitioners 8. Folklore
4. Family and Friends 9. Government Agencies
5. Health Publication 10. Mass Media

III. DEVELOPING MASTERY

TRUE OR FALSE: Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is incorrect.
____1. Consumer health refers to the state of well-being of a person who uses information, products, and services.
____2. Consumers should be aware of the reliable sources of health information.
____3. Health services are health information that furnished, actions and Procedures or work performed to satisfy our needs.
____4. Health information are facts and data about health products and services.
____5. Unreliable sources include customs and superstitions.

IV. FINDING PRACTICAL APPLICATION

REFLECT & ANSWER.
1. Why are some health information, products, and services unreliable?

2. What steps should be taken before using any health information? Why?

V. EVALUATION
POSTER-SLOGAN. On a long bond paper, create a poster-slogan that shows 5 effects of being a good consumer of health information, products,
and services. Your output will be graded using the rubric below.

Required Element 3 3-5 of the required element and 4 1-2 of the required element and 5 includes all required elements
info are missing. info are missing. and info.
Graphics Relevance 3 1 or 2 graphics are misplaced 4 all graphics are related to the 5 all graphics are related to the
and has no connection to the topic topic and most make it easier to topic and make it easier to
understand understand
Grammar 3 3 or more grammatical errors 4 1-2 grammatical errors are 5 no grammatical error
present present
Attractiveness 3 acceptably attractive though a 4 attractive in terms of design, 5 exceptionally attractive in terms
little messy layout, and neatness of design, layout, and neatness.

POSTER-SLOGAN. On a long bond paper, create a poster-slogan that shows the importance of having a healthy lifestyle. Your output will be graded
using the rubric below.
Contents and Relevance to theme
Graphics Relevance
Grammar
Attractiveness
POSTER-SLOGAN. On a long bond paper, create a poster-slogan that shows the importance of having a healthy lifestyle. Your output will be graded
using the rubric below.
Contents and Relevance to theme
Graphics Relevance
Grammar
Attractiveness
Day 3 Physical Education
3 some of the contents are not
related to the theme
3 1 or 2 graphics are misplaced
and has no connection to the topic
3 3 or more grammatical errors
present
3 acceptably attractive though a
little messy
Day 3 Physical Education
3 some of the contents are not
related to the theme
3 1 or 2 graphics are misplaced
and has no connection to the topic
3 3 or more grammatical errors
present
3 acceptably attractive though a
little messy
4 most of the contents are related
to the theme.
4 all graphics are related to the
topic and most make it easier to
understand
4 1-2 grammatical errors are
present
4 attractive in terms of design,
layout, and neatness
4 most of the contents are related
to the theme.
4 all graphics are related to the
topic and most make it easier to
understand
4 1-2 grammatical errors are
present
4 attractive in terms of design,
layout, and neatness
Prepared by:
Wilfred Y. Ortega
Teacher III, PNHS – Main
5 all contents are related to the
given theme.
5 all graphics are related to the
topic and make it easier to
understand
5 no grammatical error
5 exceptionally attractive in terms
of design, layout, and neatness.
Prepared by:
Wilfred Y. Ortega
Teacher III, PNHS – Main
5 all contents are related to the
given theme.
5 all graphics are related to the
topic and make it easier to
understand
5 no grammatical error
5 exceptionally attractive in terms
of design, layout, and neatness.
Prepared by:
Wilfred Y. Ortega
Teacher III, PNHS – Main
 Day 2
Musical Characteristics of 20th Century Music
I. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the class, you should be able to:
a. analyze the elements of music in the given examples; and
b. describe the musical characteristics of 20th Century Music

II. DISCUSSION

LISTENING ACTIVITY: Listen to music and analyze the elements of music used in each musical examples. Links to
the music will be sent in the class’s group messenger.

a. Claude Debussy – Claire de Lune

b. Arnold Schoenberg – Peripetie
c. Bela Bartok – New World Symphony 4th Movement
d. Edgar Varese - Poeme Electronique

Musical Analysis Guide

1. Melody: Describe the melody of the music. What idea/mood/emotion comes to your mind while listening to the
music?
2. Timbre: Identify the vocal timbre and/or instrumental timbre from the given music.
3. Dynamics: What is the level of dynamics at the start of music? Was this constant from the start to the end
or did the dynamic level change?
4. Tempo: What is the speed of the music? Was this constant from the start to the end or did the tempo change?
5. Form: How many parts are there in the music? What is the pattern of music? Identify the form of the music.
6. Texture: How many sound sources/layers are there? What texture is used?
7. What is your general reaction to the music you have listened to?

III. EVALUATION
How would you describe 20th Century Music?

Prepared by:
Wilfred Y. Ortega
Teacher III, PNHS – Main