Reporters :

Fatima Sherrisa Sali

Sitti Nadzra Urao
 Music
 It is the first of the performance arts.
 It was believed that Music has been with mankind

for several millennia.

 Music is an art form and cultural activity whose

medium is sound organized in time. The common

elements of music are pitch, rhythm, dynamics, and
the sonic qualities of timbre and texture.
 Rhythm

 It is the time of element in music.

 Made up of beat which has structural rhythmic or

repetitive pulse of music.

 a strong, regular, repeated pattern of movement or

sound.
 Tempo

 It is the speed of beat and duration is a measure of

how long a sound lasts.
 Duration may also refer to silence between the

sounds.
 It was originally used to describe the timing of

music, or the speed at which a piece of music is

played.
 Tempo
 Largo means large or labored is the slowest.
 Adagio means slow.

 Andante is a steady but lively tempo.

 Moderato means moderate.

 Allegro is the fast tempo.

 Presto means very fast.

 Ritardando means slowing down a tempo.

 Meter

 It comprises beats that were organized in recurring

& recognizable patterns of accent.
 Syncopation is an “off-the-beat” accent with an

extra beat between the recurring beats.

 Rubato
 Is the making subtle that changes in tempo, freely
and expressively.
 Commonly encountered in Romantic era that were

also used in K-Pop.

 K-Pop is an abbreviation for Korean Popular music

that involves youthful male or female bands who

sings, perform and uses trendy and cool dress.
 Dynamics
 Refers to the relative loudness or softness of a
sound.
 It is indicated by Pianissimo (pp) - very soft,

Mezzo piano (mp) – moderately soft, Piano (p)

– soft, Forte (f) – loud, Mezzo forte (mf) –
moderately loud, Fortissimo (ff ) - very loud.
 Crescendo – getting louder

 Diminuendo/Decrescendo – getting softer.

 Pitch
 It is the quality of a sound governed by the rate of
vibrations producing it; the degree of highness or
lowness of a tone.
 It describes a musical sound as high or low.

 The linear presentation of pitch is Melody.

 Melody a sequence of single notes that is musically

satisfying.
 Theme

 Is a melody that becomes the basis for a longer

musical work.
 Chants from the Middle Ages had scales called

Modes.
 The Chromatic & Whole tone scales are used in
th th
the popular & art-music of the late 19 and 20
centuries.
 Oriental music follows a Pentatonic (5 pitch
scale) rather than the Western 8 pitch scale.
 Melodies maybe Conjunct – smooth & flowing

and easy to play or Disjunct - which is jumpy and

not smooth and is difficult to sing or play.
 Harmony
 It is also known as singing in parts, which puts
together several notes of different pitches to form a
chord.
 Chords are put together as sequence called Chord

Progression.
 Dissonance – harsh-sounding & is produced by

discordant combinations of notes.

 Consonance - smooth-sounding.

 Tonality is focused on a “home” key, while

 Timbre/Tone
Color

 It refers to the uniqueness of sound that is produced

by an instrument or human voice because of the
characteristic patterns of overtones.
 It is the character or quality of a musical sound or

voice as distinct from its pitch and intensity.

 Texture
 It refers to the number of individual melodies &
their harmony with one another.
 Monophonic – single line where note is sounded

at any given time. No harmony & accompaniment.

 Homophonic texture – 2 or more lines sounded

at the same time, but one melody in the upper

register dominates.
 Texture

 Polyphonic texture – 2 or more independent

melodies sounding at the same time.
 Melodies may weave in and out of other melodies,

this are called Counterpoint.