INDIGENOUS GOAT BREEDS OF ODISHA

DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY & ANIMAL

HUSBANDRY EXTENSION

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 COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE & ANIMAL
HUSBANDRY,
OUAT, BHUBANESWAR

CONTENTS

SL. TOPIC PAGE

NO. NO.

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. GENERAL INFORMATION 2

3. BREEDS UTILITY 7

4. CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF THE BREEDS 9

5. SUMMARY 16

6. REFERENCES 17

INTRODUCTION

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 Goat farming business is a gaining momentum. There is gradual increase in goat meat
so every year there is a regular increase in demand for the meat and also price of meat
increases giving higher income to the farmers. Goat farming provides a good profit for the
unemployed people; In the state of Odisha 25% of the rural population’s livelihood are
completely dependent on goat farming. Predominantly goats are reared by marginal farmers,
lesser extent farmers and landless people for their livelihood. Different germplasm famous
and native to Odisha are Ganjam and Black Bengal, these are capable of adapting to the local
conditions and nature very well, the rearing of indigenous species in a small number of
individual families are operated and observed by traditional goat husbandry systems. In
conventional systems the productivity is less and the financial investment inputs in such type
of ventures are near to zero.

Distribution of Indigenous Odisha Goat Breeds in Odisha and

Neighbouring States

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 GENERAL INFORMATION

Introduction of Ganjam goats

The Ganjam breed, also known as Dalua, is found in eastern India, primarily in the
Ganjam, Gajapati, Rayagada and Koraput districts of Odisha and surrounding states like
Andhra Pradesh. These goats are reared for meat purpose. Ganjam goat meat has excellent
demand in all states of India, commercial goat farming proved to be very profitable, they are
tall, leggy animals. The coat may be black, white, brown or spotted, but black predominates.

Ganjam Goat

Introduction of Black Bengal goat

Black Bengal goat breed is a small-sized, meat type, early maturing, non-seasonal and
prolific breed found in Odisha , West Bengal, Bihar and some north eastern regions of India,
Bangladesh The Black Bengal goat breed is famous for its quality of meat and leather with
high fecundity. This goat breed is usually found in black color.

Black Bengal Goat

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Breed descriptor of Black Bengal (Goat)
Breeding Tract
State: Odisha
Location
Longitude (deg.) 84 - 94
Latitude (deg.) 20 - 27
General Information
Synonyms-Bengal, Desi
Origin-The breed derived its name from its native habitat –Odisha and West
Bengal state of India.
Major utility-Food - Meat; Others - Skin
Skins are of excellent quality and are highly priced.
The breed is distributed throughout Odisha, West Bengal and
adjoining parts of neighbouring states.
Adaptability to environment: - The breed is well adapted to the hot humid climatic
conditions, wider range of vegetation, local management
conditions, saline soil and water logging during rainy
season.
Population
17408780 Source: Estimated Livestock Population Breed Wise Based on
Breed Survey 2013.
(Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, Government of India,
New Delhi)
Management
Management system Semi-Intensive
Mobility: - Stationary
Feeding of adults 9: - Grazing and Fodder
Bengal goats are managed both by stall feeding and grazing.
Shelter is provided during night as well as during inclement weather.
Morphology
Colour: - Predominantly black, brown, grey and white are also
found.

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Horn shape and size Small in size (<15), directed upward and sometime
backward.
Visible characteristics- Small-legged goat. Hair coat is short and lustrous. Nose
line is slightly depressed.
Male Female
Height (avg cm) 44.9 44.3
Body length (avg cm) 43.8 42.6
Heart girth (avg cm) 60.3 58.9
Body weight (avg kg) 32.37 20.38
Birth weight (avg kg) 1.5 1.4

Performance-
Average
Litter size born 1.6
Age at first parturition(months) 17.43
Parturition interval(months) 6.8
Milk yield per lactation (kg) 144.0
Dressing percentage 55.8

Peculiarity of the breed: - This is the most prolific breed of goat.

The breed is famous for excellent chevon and morocco leather
production.

Black Bengal Goat Skin

Breed descriptor
of Ganjam (Goat)
Breeding Tract-

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State: Odisha (Khurda, Gajapati, Rayagada, Ganjam,Nayagarh)
Location-
Longitude (deg.)- 84.16 - 85.18
Latitude (deg.)- 19.10 - 20.28
General Information-
Synonyms- Dalua, Baigani, Gola Goat, Lanka Goat
Origin- Gola tribe has developed this breed. Named after its
place of origin i.e. Ganjam district of Orissa.
Major utility Food - Meat, milk
Adaptability to environment- resistant to various parasitic diseases.
Population-
2013-317063 Source: Estimated Livestock Population Breed Wise Based on Breed
Survey2013.
Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, Government of India, New Delhi
Management
Management system- Semi-Intensive
Mobility-Stationary
Feeding of adults-Grazing.
Morphology
Colour -Black or Brown black. White, brown and spotted animals
are also found.
Horn shape and size-Twisted and curved. Long (up to 50cm in many cases),
parallel and pointed backward and upward.
Visible characteristics-
Males usually have beards. Head-convex, ears are long
and drooping, wattles present in both sexes.
Male Female
Height (avg cm) 67.23 65.62
Body length (avg cm) 59.67 58.32
Heart girth (avg cm) 66.72 73.0
Body weight (avg kg) 35.05 28.87
Birth weight (avg kg) 2.36 2.06

Performance
Average
Litter size born 1.0

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Age at first parturition(months) 19.19
Parturition interval(months) 11.09
Milk yield per lactation (kg) 65.0
Milk fat (%) 3.92

Peculiarity of the
breed: - Big size
horns are a
characteristic feature
of Ganjam
goat

Characteristic Big Horns of Ganjam Goats

BREEDS UTILITY

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Ganjam goats
Ganjam goats are excellent meat breeds and prolific breeders produce atleast 2kids per
kidding. They have high feed conversion (FCR) ratio and can also be fed with jack leaves
and coconut oil cakes to help in gaining the weight and For best growth milk production of
Ganjam goats, Alfalfa hay, Subabul, Lucerne, CO3 and CO 4 variety, Berseem, Stylo,
Dashrath, Hybrid Napier, African Tall, Sorghum, Molato, GiniGrass, corn silage, various
types of green grasses can be used for daily fodder requirement. Ganjam goats are suitable for
open grazing and can easily adapt to any kind of climatic conditions and are helpful in
reducing un-employment in rural areas along with providing healthy and tasty milk, also this
goats are of sacred importance, they are part of rituals of Gola, bonda Tribes and they have
long horns which are used in preparation of combs, blowers , and males (Bucks )are
prepared/reared specially for buck fighting competitions.

Horns of Ganjam Goat Used for Blowers

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 Black Bengal goats
Black Bengal goat can adapt to any
environment easily and its disease
preventive ability is very high. A highly,
docile and easily managed goat breed, meat
very is tasty and there is huge demand for
its skin. These Goats occupy very less
space as compared to other goat breeds.
These goats gain sexual maturity very fast
and these breed female goats give birth
twice a year and percentage of kidding
more than twining is very common and usually gives birth to 3 to 4 kids in every kidding and
have fast growth and excellent feed conversion ratio and will gain heavy weight in short time
with proper feed and nutrition. These goat breeds are helpful in reducing unemployment in
rural areas.  Although milk yields are poor from the breed, it is still used in dairy production
due to the tasty and nutritious nature of the milk. Does can produce up to 400mls of milk per
day for a three to four-month period. Reports also suggest that the milk from the Black
Bengal goat can help prevent asthma and tuberculosis. The breed is also famed for producing
high-quality meat, with up to 60% of the breeds total weight used for meat production.

FEC-B GENE
Unique genetic composition of the breed having a special type of Fec-B gene which is
responsible for high prolificacy of this breed.

Black Bengal Goat Meat

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 CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF THE BREEDS
Housing
Most of the goat farmers in India used to raise goats in small scale and keep them with their
other livestock animals like sheep or cattle. This type of goat rearing system can’t produce
maximum production but can support the income of a poor farmer .Normally 5ft long, 1.5ft
wide and 6ft height is perfect for a pair of goat breeds. The house must have to be free from
entrancing flood water and rain water directly inside the house as these goat breeds hate rain.
Make proper temperature control system so that you can easily keep your goats warm in
winter season and moderate temperature in summer season. Ganjam and Black Bengal goats
can acquainted easily in any type of housing system to their environmental resistance quality.

Ganjam Goat Housing

Proper goat housing is very important and should be secured when you are going for stall-fed
Ganjam goat farming. Wooden flooring is considered best for their house. The place selected
for farming of Ganjam goats should be dry and free from any insect-pests and predators.
The shed/house floor should be cleaned daily to make the goat house hygiene. Proper
ventilation and airflow should be maintained for preventing any diseases. Supply of clean
water to prevent from diseases is essential in Ganjam goat farming.

Black Bengal Goat Housing

Goat housing of black Bengal breed goats are extensive type and semi intensive type in all
rural areas, while Commercial organized farms rear them in the stall but mostly they are
extensively reared, Since they are stress resistant and occupy less space than any other goat
breeds, so any type of housing system can be used to rear them.

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 Housing of Ganjam and Black Bengal Goats

Feeding
Goats can grow well and produce maximum by feeding well balanced and nutritious food.
Ganjam and black Bengal goats need 12% to 18% protein containing feeds for their best
growth. Making a pasture or grazing place will be effective for higher production as ganjam
and black Bengal goats are excellent browsers. Ensure sufficient amount of clean and fresh
water available according to the daily demands of goat along with providing good foods.

Flushing ration
Provide (2-3) percent extra feed before 15days of breeding season of the does of black
Bengal this will ensure higher fecundity and prolificacy.

Feeding of Black Bengal Goats

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 Health and veterinary service
Black Bengal and Ganjam goats are resistant to wide range of parasitic and bacterial diseases.
The extensive system of rearing and browsing nature in different areas help the breeds to
acquire the acquired immunity and making them disease resistant. They can survive in
stressed environmental conditions. Vaccination is important to prevent unwanted disease
sufferings and keeps the goats healthy.
Mostly Vaccination against the PPR disease and enterotoxaemia disease are must and
mandatory to ensure the good health.
Vaccination schedule-
Months vaccine Adult goat Kids
(above 6 months)
March Haemorrhagic 5 ml s/c 2.5 ml s/c
septicemia
May Enterotoxaemia 5 ml s/c 2.5 ml s/c
May F.M. D 5 ml s/c 5 ml s/c
July Black Quarter 5 ml s/c 2.5 ml s/c
August F.M. D 5 ml s/c 0. 5 ml s/c
September Enterotoxaemia 5 ml s/c 2.5 ml s/c

Vaccination in Black Bengal Goats

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Breeding management
commercial breeding of Ganjam and black Bengal goats, it is better to consider these various
Factors when planning the breeding cycle: -
 Fodder/Feed flow
 feed availability.
 Natural estrus cycle of the Ganjam goats.
 Market cycle.
 Marketing date and personal management factors.
Reproduction Rate of the does depends upon-
 Season of breeding,
 Age of Ganjam goat.
 Body mass of Ganjam goat
 Feed and nutrition
The reproduction rate of black Bengal is one of the most beneficial characteristics for the
meat production. Black Bengal goats are very prolific breeders and usually kidding is twice
in a year
Twinning is common with high fecundity in black Bengal goat breed. Breeding of black
Bengal goats with the exotic goat breeds are done for obtaining better cross breeds

Methods of breeding
Mass Mating: -  1 male (buck) per 25 to 30 does
Single Mating: - Selective breeding in breeding flocks for better results.
Artificial insemination: - not popular but can be done

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General considerations for Ganjam Goat Farming
Farmer should prepare a proper goat farming business plan before implementing Ganjam goat
farming. The goats are primarily selected based on their body size for breeding .Dehorning of
the bucks should be done to avoid fighting. Trim hooves at least 4times yearly, brush the
goats when needed to remove loose hair and dirt that might contaminate the shed. These
goats are not so efficient in breeding so pregnant goats, newly born ganjam kids should be
provided with minerals and nutritious feed. Green fodders are important for feeding this
breed. Ganjam goats are well habituated in hilly lands, forests and elevated lands. Long legs
of the ganjam goats are usually washed daily.

Herd of Ganjam Goats

Handling of Ganjam Goats

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General considerations for Black Bengal Goat Farming: - 
These goats have a typical black color appearance, the farmer must able to purchase from a
certified company to get a pure variety of black Bengal goat. the goats are very allergic to
carrots, so avoid carrots in the ration Excess concentrate or starchy feed should be avoided to
prevent enterotoxaemia and bloat. Make secured fencing around the farm and clean water
availability for these goats, these goats are susceptible to shock, nervousness so avoid sound
producing objects, noise producing elements etc. Culled meat producing goats can be utilized
for skin products processing from their skin Marketing of goats should be according to their
weight not age Flock mating is usually considered for better breeding results.

Marketing
Marketing of Ganjam Goats: - 
 A proper goat business plan should ensure the profits in goat farming.
 Commercial Ganjam goat farmers should have marketing plan for bulk goat sale.
 Goat farmers can also sell their goats in batches based on their age and weight by
Local agents, meat shop owners can be contacted for regular supply of Ganjam goats.
 Some companies like Ampere overseas private limited, m/s Anmol Gourmet meat
supplier company, are purchasing from local ganjam goats form the local rural
farmers at very high price.

Marketing of Black Bengal Goats: - 

 Black Bengal goats are highly demanded goats in the Indian market
 It is very easy to sell them when there are any festivals like bakrid,idul-zuha, new
year etc.
 Companies like sanjeevani goats’ suppliers, haringhanta meat suppliers are
purchasing good Bengal goats from the farmers at very reasonable price.

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 Pricing
Ganjam Goat Price
 Goat price depends on many factors like
breed, age, season and region.
 The Ganjam goats which are cross bred with
local goats may cost less whereas pure bred
goats cost more.
 The price of Ganjam goats depend on
weight, age and breed type (pure bread or
Crossbreed).
 Male goat of Ganjam cost 275-325 Rs/kg
(live weight).
 Female Ganjam goat cost about 250-275
Rs/kg (live weight).

Black Bengal Goat Price

 The black Bengal goats which are bred in a
very clean environment under care of the farmers for proper growth and development are
purchased at very high rates.
 The price of black Bengal goats depends on weight, age and breed type (pure bread or
cross bread).
 Male goat of black Bengal cost 370 Rs/kg (live weight).
 Female goat of black Bengal cost about 350 Rs/kg (live weight).

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 SUMMARY
Concerning difficult environmental conditions, goats are probably the most well‐adapted
farm animals, and due to its cheap management and good meat and milk production, by
ganjam and black Bengal goats, they have been considered one of the best livestock farming
in Odisha.

In several regions of Odisha, black Bengal and ganjam goats are reared to sustain the life of
unemployed poor farmers. Black Bengal is a prolific meat type breed of Odisha and ganjam
breed is an excellent meat producer when applied to different environmental conditions, these
breeds also contribute to a sustainable farming, a very ecological way of living which enables
to use their waste to fertilize crop fields, control and prevent of flies by forest grazing.

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 REFERENCES
Text Books
1. A text book of animal husbandry by G.C Banerjee (2014), Publisher: Oxford; 6th Revised
edition-chapter16: Goat-breeds of Indian goats, Page no-932. Dated 14.10.2019

Herd of Indigenous Goat Breeds in Odisha

2. Livestock production management by NSR Sastry and CK Thomas (2016),

Publisher: Bio-Green; 1st edition-Sheep and goat production, Page no-459-505.
Dated 15.10.2019

Journals

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1. Indian journal of animal sciences (National bureau of animal genetic resources, Karnal)-
prolificacy in Indian goats and fec b gene in Black Bengal., Dated 08.10.2019
2. Effect of fec b gene on body weight in black Bengal goat-Journal of animal research
Dated 05.10.2019

Internet
1. AICRP improvement, CIRG, Mathura- goat improvement by S. k Singh, Dated-
7.10.2019
2. https://www.goatfarming.in/goat-farming-in-odisha-information, Dated-7.10.2019
3. https://www.goatfarming.in/ganjam-goat-farming, Dated-07.10.2019
4. https://www.goatfarming.in/black-bengal-goat-farming, Dated-7.10.2019
5. http://www.sapplpp.org/interactive-maps/registered-indigenous-goat-breeds-of-
india/ganjam.html#.XaqiMOYzbIU, Dated-08.10.2019
6. https://www.roysfarm.com/black-bengal-goat-farming/, Dated-08.10.2019
7. https://farmingmethod.com/black-bengal-goat-farming/, Dated-09.10.2019
8. https://www.thatsfarming.com/news/goats-black-bengal, Dated-09.10.2019
9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Bengal_goat, Dated-09.10.2019

Mobile Apps
1. NBAGR- National bureau of animal genetic resources, Dated-11.10.2019
2. Farm-AnGR-India app-breed descriptor of black Bengal and Ganjam goat., Dated-
12.10.2019

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Submitted by: -

Name: Jyotisundar Rout

Adm. No.: 29V/17
Group- ‘B’
Mobile No.: 8847828036
Email ID:
jyotisundar21sep@gmail.com

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