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Hydraulic Simulation of
Pressurized Pipe Networks
by Using
EPANET Software
Prepared By:-
Eng. Emad M. Shudifat
French Embassy - Regional Mission for Water & Agriculture;MREA
Irrigation Optimization in Jordan Valley Project
IOJoV
March 2002 Amman – Jordan
=====================================================
Introduction: -
This training course is within the framework of the French-Jordanian
technical cooperation. In 1998 the MREA team began the Irrigation Optimization in
the Jordan Valley Project (IOJoV) in cooperation with the Jordan Valley Authority
( JVA ) , and one of the aims of this project was the improvement of the operation of
the JVA networks.
In order to achieve this aim, a hydraulic analysis and simulation modeling of
the situation of the JVA networks in the valley should be carried out. For this reasons,
MREA team suggested this training course in hydraulic simulation to the JVA to train
a number of the engineers, who are responsible for the operation of it’s distribution
networks, to be able to carry out the hydraulic analysis and simulation modeling of
the situation of the JVA networks in the valley.
• You have to have the basic data for the input file of your network which are:
9 Schematic diagram for the network.
9 Elevation of water surface of the water source that supplies the network
with water such as reservoir, tank or canal.
9 Characteristics of the pumping station which is the Pump Curve that
represents the Pressure - Flow relationship.
9 Characteristics of the network main components:
⇒ Pipes: upstream and downstream nodes, lengths, diameters and roughness.
⇒ Nodes: Elevations and nominal outflows( demands).
9 The Demand Patterns or the Rotation Schedule for each node in the
network.
• You have to know that in the example presented here you will learn about 90%
of what you can do with EPANET, the remained 10% you will learn it by your
self with practice.
In this simple example, the procedures of using EPANET for analyzing any
network will be covered step by step and then the same procedures can be applied on
any other networks.
¾ Step 1 :-
Run EPANET .exe program by clicking on its icon , EPANET is
now activated with a new EPANET project, and We are now ready to begin
constructing our network which consists of :-
Figure ( 1 )
>>>> Note:- most of JVA networks are similar to the network shown in this
example.
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¾ Step 2 :-
Before constructing the network map, we should set its dimension:
a) Select View>> Dimensions to display the Map Dimensions dialog form
b) Click on None option button, then click Auto-Size and OK
=============================================================
¾ Step 3 :-
To construct the shown network:-
1. Add the reservoir KAC by clicking the button on the Map Toolbar, and
then click the mouse on the “Network Map” window at the location where you
want to put the reservoir.
2. Add the junction nodes. Click the button on the Map Toolbar and then click
on the “Network Map” window at the locations of the 13 junctions (or nodes) as
shown in the figure 1.
3. Add the pump P (which connects the reservoir KAC with junction A) by clicking
the button on the Map Toolbar, and then click on the reservoir KAC and
then click on junction A. when you move the mouse from KAC to A the mouse’s
cursor will change to pen shape.
4. Add the pipes by clicking on the button on the Map Toolbar, and then
click on the pipe’s start node and then click on the pipe’s end node. When you
move the mouse from start node to end node the mouse’s cursor will change to pen
shape.
5. Add the label { 1 } ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ – ﻣﻀﺨﺔ ﺭﻗﻢby clicking on the button on the
Map Toolbar, and then click on the “Network Map” window at the location where
you want to put the label, then type the text and press the Enter key . Repeat the
same procedure to add the labels { } ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲand { } ﳏﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺦ.
6. When you are adding the network objects ( you have to know that the reservoirs,
junctions, pipes and labels are called objects) may be you make mistakes and you
want to delete or move an object then you have to select this object and then delete
or move it.
Selecting an Object
-To select an object on the map:
a) Make sure that the map is in Object Selection mode ( the mouse cursor has
the shape of an arrow). To switch to this mode choose
Edit >> Select Object or click button on the Map Toolbar.
b) Click the mouse over the desired object on the map.
Deleting an object
To delete an object:
a) Select the object on the map or from the Data Browser.
b) Delete the selected object by:
Moving an object
To move a node or label to another location on the map:
a) Select the node or label.
b) With the left mouse button held down over the object, drag it to its new
location.
c) Release the left button.
7) Save your project .To save your project:
a) Select File >> Save As.
b) A standard Save Project As dialog box will appear from which you can select
the folder and name that the project should be saved under, for this example
save the project under the name JVA-TO1 example. Projects are always saved
as *.NET files.
c) Press Save button, the file will be saved and the Save Project As dialog box
will disappear.
>>>> Note:- always save your work every two or three minutes by clicking on the
save button .
=============================================================
¾ Step 4 :-
Now, after you complete constructing your network by adding all objects
required to setup the network, you are ready to set the properties of each object by
using the Property Editor form. The Property Editor is used to edit the properties of
network objects. To display the Property Editor:
a) Select an object in the network (either on the Network Map or in the
Data Browser)
b) Double-clicked on the selected object (either on the Network Map or
in the Data Browser). The Property Editor form will be displayed.
=============================================================
¾ Step 5 :-
In this step we are going to set the Map Options and Analysis Options of
our project.
I. Map Options: are used to change the appearance of the Network Map for
example; to display or hide the ID of the junctions, to change the size of the
junctions and pipes and to display or hide the junctions and pipes values (such as
junction’s pressure, demand or elevation and pipe’s flow, length, diameter,
roughness and headloss).
II. Analysis Options: determine how the pipe network should be analyzed. Only
two options we will be used for analyzing all networks (because the JVA is not
interested in the water quality analysis) include Hydraulics Options and Times
Options:
9 Hydraulics Options
To set the hydraulic options:
a) Display the Hydraulics Options form by selecting the Options category
from the Data Browser. From the list select Hydraulics and double-
click.
b) Set the Flow Units to LPS(liters per second)by selecting it from the
list.
c) Set the Headloss Formula to H-W (Hazen-Williams equation) by
selecting it from the list.
9 Time Options
To set the time options:
a) Display the Time Options form by selecting the Options category from
the Data Browser. From the list select Time and double-click.
b) Set the Total Duration to 6 for this example. Total Duration is the
length of the simulation period, for example:
Total Duration=6 means 7 hours or 7 days or any 7 intervals (EPANET deals with
Total Duration as number of hours but this makes no difference … depends on what
you mean). However for the JVA the Total Duration usually means number of hours
for one week which are 168 hours, thus the Total Duration=167 hours, this will
calculate the network’s values each hour during the week.
>>>> Note:- Total Duration = Number of desired intervals - 1
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¾ Step 7 :-
When { Setting the properties of the Junction object } was described ,we
introduced the Demand Pattern as the name of the curve pattern that represents the
change of the junction demand with time and thus this curve could be used to prepare
a rotation schedule for the network. It can be the same pattern for more than one
junction, if the Base Demand of the junction equals to zero then leaves the Demand
Pattern’s box empty such as junction A in this example. But how the Demand
Pattern is prepared for each junction (or FTA) in the network?
Coming back to our example, based on what you learned from the above
discussion, create the P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9, P10, P11 and P12 patterns
by using the Multipliers values listed in the following table:
Pattern Multiplier
P1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
P2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
P3 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
P4 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
P5 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
P6 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
P7 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
P8 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
P9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
P10 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
P11 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
P12 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
Remember:- It can be the same pattern for more than one junction, in this case
you haven’t to repeat the same pattern just create one for all junctions that have
the same pattern ,also remember if the Base Demand of the junction equals to
zero then leave the Demand Pattern’s box empty such as junction A in this
example.
>>>> Note:- always save your work every two or three minutes by clicking on the
save button .
¾ Step 8 :-
Now, your network should look like that shown in figure (1), isn’t that? Ok?
Then you are ready to run EPANET hydraulic analysis to perform the calculations
of the network
To run EPANET hydraulic analysis:
1) Select Project >> Run Analysis or
Click on the Standard Toolbar.
2) If there is no errors or problems in the constructing the network, you will
receive the Run Status
Run Status
message:
OK
3) Press OK.
4) If you receive an error message then fix the problem! And run EPANET
hydraulic analysis again.
Congratulations!!!
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¾ Step 8 :-
This last step describes the different ways in which the results of an analysis
as well as the basic network input data can be viewed. These include different map
views, graphs, tables, and special reports.
9 To Edit a Legend:
- Display Legend Editor by Right-click on the legend if it is visible.
- Use the Legend Editor dialog form that appears to modify the legend's colors
and intervals. To change a color, click on its color band in the Editor and then select a
new color from the Color Dialog box that will appear.
3) You can print or save the current Network Map with displayed parameters to file
as a Data (Text) or Picture (Bitmap) format as a follow:
To print the contents of the current window being viewed:
- Select File >> Print or click on the Standard Toolbar.
To create a Graph:
a. Select Report >> Graph or click on the Graph Standard Toolbar.
b. Fill in the choices on the Graph Selection Dialog box that appears.
c. Click OK to create the graph.
To create a table:
a. Select Report >> Table or click on the Table Standard Toolbar.
b. Use the Table Options dialog box that appears to select:
⇒ The type of table
⇒ The parameters to display in each column
⇒ Any filters to apply to the data
>>>> Note:- the same could be done for the Graghs and Tables to save or print
them if you want.
That’s It
THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN
MINISTRY OF WATER AND IRRIGATION
JORDAN VALLEY AUTHORITY
Using the :
Prepared By:-
Eng. Emad M. Shudifat
French Embassy - Regional Mission for Water & Agriculture;MREA
Irrigation Optimization in Jordan Valley Project
IOJoV
This engineering detailed document known by “ As – Built Drawing “ , and it is the only
available source for getting engineering data about each turnout and the related distributing network
and it will be used to extract the necessary data to construct a representative models for the JVA
distributing networks by using EPANET software for the hydraulic simulations purposes. Now, it
will be explained how to extract the necessary data from the As – Built Drawing Document to
construct the models.
1- Elevation of the water surface in the water source and the position of the
source in relative to the network.
2- Elevation of the pumps ( i.e. pump’s outlet, which is the point of connection
with the distributing network ). However, the pressure – flow relationship of
the pump is obtained from the JVA directorate.
3- Properties of the pipes :- lengths , diameters and materials .
4- Properties of the Farm Turnout Assemblies ( FTAs ) :- elevations , nominal
flows and locations .
5- Elevation of the upstream and downstream ends of each pipe in the network.
It is very important to keep in mind that between the upstream and
downstream ends of any pipe there is no change in the diameter , material or
flow of the pipe, thus if one of these properties has changed this means an
end of pipe and beginning of new pipe, and based on this the Farm Turnout
Assembly ( FTA ) is one of these points that should be identified.
Extracting data from the “ As – Built Drawing “ Document :
3) All the sheets that you will use afterward include on the pipes of the network and their
properties and all these sheets have the same aspect and thus if you become able to deal
with one sheet then you able to deal with the others. Each sheet includes complete pipeline
or part of pipeline.
If you find in this row one of these symbol this means the end of a previous pipe and the beginning
of new one. However, it is very important to naming these nodes and it is recommended to use this
way :
>> Giving the FTA a number includes two parts separated by slash ( / ),
where the left part refers to the pipe’s number and the second part refers to
the farm unit’s number.
>> Giving all other nodes a letters A, B, C, D …
b. After determining the nodes, we determine the elevation of the node and this by
using the data in the second row in the table “ Project level at bottom of trench
(m) “ where you read the elevation directly above the current node.
c. After determining the elevations of the nodes, we determine the length of pipe and
this by using the data in the fourth row in the table “ Station ( km ) “ , where you
read the station directly above the current node and then the difference between to
respective nodes is the length of the pipe between these two nodes. The station of
the node includes two numbers separated by plus sign ( + ) where the number on
the left represents the distance in kilometers and the other represents the distance in
meters.
d. After determining the length of the pipe, we determine the diameter and material of
the pipe and this by using the data in the fifth row in the table “ Pipe material /
diameter “ , where you read the diameter and material of the pipe between the
upstream and downstream nodes. The number you read includes two parts
separated by ( φ ) where the left part refers to the pipe’s material and the second on
to the pipe’s diameter in millimeters ( mm ).
6) Finally; sometimes you maybe need to return to the Plan view of the pipe which could help
you to imagine the pipe specially the positions of the FTAs in the network.