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5.60 Spring 2008 Lecture #12 page 1
The 2nd Law gave the Clausius inequality for spontaneous change
dS > đq/Tsurr.
**
dU + pextdV – TsurrdS < 0 **
We can now use the general criterion above under specific conditions
Since dU=0 and dV=0, from the general criterion above, then
(dS)U,V > 0
⇒ (dU)S,V < 0
minimized
=H
So ⇒
(dH)S,pext < 0
So (dS)H,p=pext > 0
ΔG < 0 A → B is spontaneous
ΔG = 0 A and B are in equilibrium
ΔG > 0 then B → A is spontaneous