Operating System

 An operating system is software that manages User

computer hardware and software resources
and provides common services for computer
programs. Application
 The operating system is an essential component
of the system software in a computer system.
Application programs usually require an Operating System
operating system to function.

Types of Operating Systems Hardware

Disk Operating System(DOS)

With a command-line operating system (e.g. DOS), you type a text command and
the computer responds according to that command. The computer response is in text
format.

Graphical User Interface(GUI)

With a graphical user interface (GUI) operating system (e.g. windows), you
interact with the computer by selecting pictures and buttons in a graphical interface.
You select these graphical elements with a mouse, keyboard, or touch screen

Unix
Unix is a portable, multitasking, multiuser, time-sharing operating system (OS) originally
developed in 1969 by a group of employees at AT&T. Unix was first programmed in assembly
language but was reprogrammed in C in 1973.
Unix has been ported to more machine families than any other operating system. As a
result, it has come to be identified with the concept of open systems. Unix operating systems
are widely used in PCs, servers and mobile devices. The Unix environment was also an essential
element in the development of the Internet and networking.
The most popular varieties of UNIX are Sun Solaris, GNU/Linux and Mac OS X.
Unix gives you the option to use either the command line for more control and flexibility
or a GUI which many people find easier to use.

Advantages of Unix
Unix is more flexible and can be installed on many different types of machines including
mainframe computers, supercomputers, and micro-computers. Other advantages of Unix
include:

 Unix is more stable and does not go down as often as Windows does, so it requires less
administration and maintenance.
 Unix has greater built-in security and permissions features than Windows.
 Unix is the leader in serving the web. About 90 percent of the internet relies on Unix
operating systems running Apache, the world's most widely used web server.
 Software upgrades from Microsoft often require the user to purchase new hardware or
prerequisite software, this is not the case with Unix.

Windows
Computer operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft Corporation to run personal
computers (PCs). Featuring the first graphical user interface (GUI) for IBM-compatible PCs, the
Windows OS soon dominated the PC market. Approximately 90 percent of PCs run some
version of Windows.
The Windows operating system is intended to be used with a GUI, its command line is
for those with advanced computer skills.

Advantages of Windows
While the Windows OS is more limited than Unix in terms of what it can do, there are
still many benefits to using Windows:

 Windows is easy enough for anyone to use.

 Windows software is supported by Microsoft and technical issues are easily resolved.
 Windows supports a massive library of software programs, utilities, and games.
 Windows offers better backwards compatibility and extensive plug-and-play support.
 Microsoft provides automatic updates that enable support for new features and
hardware; with Unix, such updates must be performed manually.

The main differences between Windows and Unix

are as follows:
 Unix is a Command Line User Interface and Windows is Graphic User Interface operating
system.
 Unix is command based and Windows is menu based operating system.
 Windows is event driven whereas this feature is absent in Unix operating system.
 File system in Unix is (STD.ERR,STD.IO), and in Windows it is (FAT32,NTFS).
 In Unix multiprocessing is possible whereas it is not possible in Windows.
 In terms of security, Unix is more secure than Windows as we can restrict the
permission of each user.
 Windows operating system support plug and play and this feature is not available in
Unix.
 Windows is licensed operating system and Unix is free source operating system.