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Ansys Lab Procedure and Viva Q S PDF
Ansys Lab Procedure and Viva Q S PDF
VIDYASAGAR.R
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
CONTENTS
2
1. SIGN CONVENTIONS IN ANSYS SOFTWARE
1. FORCES -- --- A) FX direction, Positive value
B) FX direction, Negative value
2. TYPE OF DISPLACEMENTS
1. Δ – UY – fix the end in UY direction
3
1. ANSYS LAB PROCEDURE FOR BARS
[GUI PATH]
(Q1) To find the nodal displacements, stress in the
elements and reaction forces for a bar element.
1. Preferences -> structural ->h-method->ok
2. Preprocessor ->element type-> Add/edit/delete->Add->Link->2D spar 1->ok
->close
3. Preprocessor->Real constants->Add/edit/delete->Add->ok->Enter the cross
sectional area in the space provided for area(in mm2)->ok(note:- if the bar is
stepped bar then after entering the area->apply->In the space provided
against “REAL CONSTANT SET NO.” Enter the next number (i.e. 2 for 2nd area,3
for 3rd area)->type the next cross-sectional area->ok) ->close
4. Preprocessor->Material props->Material models->Structural->Linear->Elastic
->Isotropic->Enter the value of young’s modulus(in N/mm2) in the space
provided for ”EX”, Enter the value of POISSON’S ratio in the space provided
against ”PRXY” ->close(Note:- If there are 2 or more materials then on top of
the window select ->material->New model and follow the same procedure)
5. Preprocessor->Modeling->Create->Nodes->In active cs->Enter the node no,
co-ordinates at which they are located(Note:- For bars, co-ordinates are only
in either x-direction or y-direction and hence values must be entered in the
first or second boxes of the location box and other two boxes must be entered
zero or leave it blank) ->apply-> enter the next node number and follow the
same procedure till the last node ->ok(Note:- The values of co-ordinates must
be entered in mm)
6. Preprocessor->Modeling->Create->Elements->Elem attributes->Check for
material number and real constant set number->ok
7. Preprocessor->Modeling->Create->Elements->Auto numbered->Thru nodes
->Select the 2 nodes to be joined ->ok
4
8. If there are more than 1 material or real constants Repeat step no.6 and step
no.7 varying suitable material and real constant set number in “Elem
Attributes”.
9. Preprocessor->Loads->Define loads->Apply->Structural->displacement->on
nodes->select the node on which you want to apply the boundary conditions
->ok->select the type of boundary condition(Note:- If there is a gap b/w the
node and boundary condition then enter the gap distance in the space
provided against “VALUE Displacement value”)->ok
10. Preprocessor->Loads->Define loads->Apply->Structural->Force/moment->on
nodes->Select the node on which you want to apply the force->Direction of
force must be FX->Enter the value of force(in Newton’s) ->ok
11. Repeat step no.10 if you want to apply loads on other nodes.
12. Solution->Solve->current Ls->ok->close->close the solution window
13. General Postproc->Element table->Define table->Add->In the space provided
against “use label for Item” type any word(e.g.:-Stress) ->ok->close
14. General Postproc->Element Table->List elem table->Select the word you had
typed(e.g.:-Stress)->By sequence num->LS,1 ->ok(A window pop-ups showing
the values of stress in each element)
15. General postproc->List results->Nodal solution->Under nodal solution select
DOF solution-> X-component of displacement->ok( A window pop-ups
showing the nodal displacements)
16. General postproc->List results->Reaction solutions->All items->ok( A window
pop-ups showing the reaction solution at each node, if the node no is not
shown then there is no reaction force on that node)
17. Close all the windows after noting down the values->File->clear and start new
->Do not read file->ok->yes
CONCLUSION: - The given model is analyzed and correct solutions were found and
tabulated
5
2. ANSYS LAB PROCEDURE FOR
TEMPERATURE STRESS BARS [GUI PATH]
(Q2)To find the nodal displacements, stress in the elements
and reaction forces for a bar element initially at a given
temperature and then raised to another temperature.
1. Preferences -> structural ->h-method->ok
2. Preprocessor ->element type-> Add/edit/delete->Add->Link->2D spar 1->ok
->close
3. Preprocessor->Real constants->Add/edit/delete->Add->ok->Enter the cross
sectional area in the space provided for area(in mm2)->ok(note:- if the bar is
stepped bar then after entering the area->apply->type the next cross-sectional
area->ok) ->close
4. Preprocessor->Material props->Material models->Structural->Linear->Elastic
->Isotropic->Enter the value of young’s modulus(in N/mm2) in the space
provided for ”EX”, Enter the value of POISSON’S ratio in the space provided
against ”PRXY” ->close(Note:- If there are 2 or more materials then, on top of
the window select ->material->New model and follow the same procedure)
5. Preprocessor->Material props->Material models->Structural-> Thermal
expansion->Secant coefficient->Isotropic-> in the space provided against
“ALPX” enter the value of coefficient of thermal expansion value(α)->ok
->Close
6. Preprocessor->Modeling->Create->Nodes->In active cs->Enter the node no,
co-ordinates at which they are located(Note:- For bars, co-ordinates are only
in x-direction and hence values must be entered in the first box of the location
box and other two boxes must be entered zero or leave it blank) ->apply-
>enter the next node number and follow the same procedure till the last
node->ok(Note:- The values of co-ordinates must be entered in mm)
7. Preprocessor->Modeling->Create->Elements->Elem attributes->Check for
material number and real constant set number->ok
8. Preprocessor->Modeling->Create->Elements->Auto numbered->Thru nodes
->Select the 2 nodes to be joined ->ok
9. If there are more than 1 material or real constants Repeat step no.6 and step
no.7 varying suitable material and real constant set number in “Elem
Attributes”.
6
10. Preprocessor->Loads->Define loads->Apply->Structural->displacement->on
nodes->select the node on which you want to apply the boundary conditions
->ok->select the type of boundary condition(Note:- If there is a gap b/w the
node and boundary condition then enter the gap distance in the space
provided against “VALUE Displacement value”)->ok
11. Preprocessor->Loads->Define loads->Apply->Structural->Force/moment->on
nodes->Select the node on which you want to apply the force->Direction of
force must be FX->Enter the value of force(in Newton’s) ->ok
12. Repeat step no.10 if you want to apply loads on other nodes.
13. Preprocessor->Loads->Define loads->Apply->Structural->Temperature->On
elements->select the elements->ok->In the space provided against
“TEMPERATURE AT LOCATION N” enter the temperature difference given
(e.g. If the initial temperature is 20°C and raised temperature is 60°C then
enter 40)->ok
14. Solution->Solve->current Ls->ok->close->close the solution window
15. General Postproc->Element table->Define table->Add->In the space provided
against “use label for Item” type any word(e.g.:-Stress) ->ok->close
16. General Postproc->Element Table->List elem table->Select the word you had
typed(e.g.:-Stress) ->By sequence num->LS,1 ->ok(A window pop-ups showing
the values of stress in each element)
17. General postproc->List results->Nodal solution->Under nodal solution select
DOF solution-> X-component of displacement->ok( A window pop-ups
showing the nodal displacements)
18. General postproc->List results->Reaction solutions->All items->ok( A window
pop-ups showing the reaction solution at each node, if the node no is not
shown then there is no reaction force on that node)
19. Close all the windows after noting down the values->File->clear and start new
->Do not read file->ok->yes
CONCLUSION: - The given model is analyzed and correct solutions were found and
tabulated
7
3. ANSYS LAB PROCEDURE FOR TRUSSES
[GUI PATH]
(Q3)To find the nodal displacements, stress in the elements and
reaction forces in each member subjected to loads as given for
the truss setup.
CONCLUSION: - The given model is analyzed and correct solutions were found and
tabulated.
9
4. ANSYS LAB PROCEDURE FOR BEAMS
[GUI PATH]
(Q4)To find the reaction solution,nodal displacements, shear
force and bending moments at each node of the given beam and
to draw the shear force diagram(SFD) and Bending moment
diagram (BMD)
1. Preferences -> structural ->h-method->ok
2. Preprocessor ->element type-> Add/edit/delete->Add->Beam->2D elastic 3-
>ok ->close
3. Preprocessor->Sections->Beam->Common sections->Sub type is the type of
cross section of the beam(e.g. circular, rectangular, etc)->offset to centroid
->Enter the value of h and b(for rectangle ) or enter the radius R (for circle
) or enter the values similarly for I section also->preview->Close
4. Preprocessor->Real constants->Add/edit/delete->Add->ok->Enter the cross
sectional area in the space provided for area(in mm2)->Enter the value of Izz
which is present on the screen->enter height of the beam->ok ->close
5. Preprocessor->Material props->Material models->Structural->Linear->Elastic
->Isotropic->Enter the value of young’s modulus(in N/mm2) in the space
provided for ”EX”, Enter the value of POISSON’S ratio in the space provided
against ”PRXY” ->close
6. Preprocessor->Modeling->Create->Nodes->In active cs->Enter the node no,
co-ordinates at which they are located(Note:- For beams, co-ordinates are
only in x-direction and hence values must be entered in the first box of the
location box and other two boxes must be entered zero or leave it blank) -
>apply-> enter the next node number and follow the same procedure till the
last node ->ok(Note:- The values of co-ordinates must be entered in mm)
10
7. Preprocessor->Modeling->Create->Elements->Auto numbered->Thru nodes
->Select the first 2 nodes->apply->select the next 2 nodes->apply(repeat till all
the nodes are joined)->ok
8. Preprocessor->Loads->Define loads->Apply->Structural->displacement->on
nodes->select the node on which you want to apply the boundary conditions
->ok->select the type of boundary condition->ok
9. Preprocessor->Loads->Define loads->Apply->Structural->Force/moment->on
nodes->Select the node on which you want to apply the force->Direction of
force must be FY->Enter the value of force(in Newton’s) ->ok
10. Preprocessor->Loads->Define loads->Apply->Structural->Force/moment->on
nodes->Select the node on which you want to apply the moment->ok->in the
options provided against “Direct of force/moment” select Mz-> Enter the
value of moment(in Newton-mm) in the value box ->ok
11. To apply UDL(uniformly distributed load) apply the following procedure:
preprocessor->loads->define loads->apply->structural->pressure->on beam-
>select the element on which you want to apply UDL->ok->In the box provided
against “PRESSURE VALUE AT NODE I” Enter the UDL load in KN/m(e.g. If the
load is 6KN/m, enter as 6)->Leave all other boxes empty->ok
12. To apply UVL(uniformly Varying load) apply the following procedure:
preprocessor->loads->define loads->apply->structural->pressure->on beam-
>select the element on which you want to apply UDL->ok->In the box provided
against “PRESSURE VALUE AT NODE I” Enter the load at that node and against
“PRESSURE VALUE AT NODE J” enter the load at the next node in KN/m(e.g. If
the load varies from 0KN/m to 10KN/m, At node I enter “0” and at node J
enter”10”)->Leave all other boxes empty->ok
13. Repeat step no.10, 11, 12 if you want to apply loads and moments on other
nodes.
14. Solution->Solve->current Ls->ok->close->close the solution window
11
15. General Postproc->Element table->Define table->Add->select By sequence
number->Select SMISC and Type 2 next to it->apply->Select SMISC and Type 8
next to it ->apply->select SMISC and Type 6 next to it ->Apply->Select SMISC
and Type 12 next to it ->ok->close
16. General Postproc->Element Table->List elem table->Select SMIS2,SMIS8,SMIS6
and SMIS12->ok(A window pop-ups showing the values of shear force and
bending moment)
17. General postproc->plot results->contour plot->line elem Res->Select SMIS2 in
the first box and SMIS8 in the second box to get SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM->ok
18. General postproc->plot results->contour plot->line elem Res->Select SMIS6 in
the first box and SMIS12 in the second box to get BENDING MOMENT
DIAGRAM->ok
19. General postproc->List results->Nodal solution->Under nodal solution select
DOF solution-> Y-component of displacement->ok( A window pop-ups
showing the nodal displacements)
20. General postproc->List results->Reaction solutions->All items->ok( A window
pop-ups showing the reaction solution at each node, if the node no. is not
shown then there is no reaction force on that node)
21. Close all the windows after noting down the values->File->clear and start new
->Do not read file->ok->yes
CONCLUSION: - The given model is analyzed and correct solutions were found and
the shear force and bending moment diagrams are plotted.
12
5. ANSYS LAB PROCEDURE FOR
COMPOSITE WALLS [GUI PATH]
(Q5)To determine the heat flux and temperature distribution of the given
composite wall
13
6. Preprocessor->Modeling->Create->Elements->Elem attributes->Check for
element type number(i.e. link 32 for conduction and link 34 for
convection),material number and real constant set number->ok
7. Preprocessor->Modeling->Create->Elements->Auto numbered->Thru nodes
->Select the 2 nodes to be joined ->ok
8. If there are more than 1 material or real constants Repeat step no.6 and step
no.7 varying suitable material and real constant set number in “Elem
Attributes”.
9. Solution->Analysis type->New analysis->Steady state->ok
10. Solution->Define loads->Apply->Thermal ->temperature->on nodes->select
the node on which you want to apply the Temperature->ok->Select Temp-
>Enter the value of temperature ->ok
11. Repeat the above step to apply temperatures on other nodes.
12. Solution->Solve->current Ls->ok->close->close the solution window
13. In the above there are options like file, select, list plot etc->Select->Plot Ctrls
-> Style->Size and shape->Display of element √ On->ok
14. General Postproc -> plot results->Contour plots->Nodal solution->DOF
solution->Nodal temperature->ok
15. General Postproc->Element table->Define table->Add->by sequence Number -
>SMISC->Type 1 next to that->ok->close
16. General Postproc->Element Table->List elem table->SMIS 1 ->ok(A window
pop-ups showing the values of stress in each element)
17. General Postproc->List results->Nodal solution->Under nodal solution select
DOF solution->Nodal temperature->ok( A window pop-ups showing the nodal
Temperatures)
18. Close all the windows after noting down the values->File->clear and start new
->Do not read file->ok->yes
CONCLUSION: - The given model is analyzed and correct solutions were found and
tabulated
14
6. ANSYS LAB PROCEDURE FOR PLATE
WITH HOLES [GUI PATH]
(Q5)To determine the maximum stress for a rectangular plate with hole and
which is loaded
15
9. Preprocessor->Meshing->Mesh tool-> Select √ Smart size-> reduce it to size 2
->Mesh->Select the area ->ok
10. Preprocessor->Loads->Define loads->Apply->Structural->displacement->on
lines->select the line on which you want to apply the boundary conditions -
>ok->select the type of boundary condition->ok
11. Preprocessor->Loads->Define loads->Apply->Structural->Force/moment->on
nodes->Select Box-> Select the nodes on which you want to apply the force-
>Select the Direction of force ->Enter the value of force(in Newton’s)(Note:-
When you select box, you will select many no of nodes so when the load is
applies you should apply the load divided by no. of nodes selected, E.g. If the
load is 10000N and no of selected nodes is 23,apply load as 10000/23) ->ok
12. Repeat step no.10 if you want to apply loads on other nodes.
13. Solution->Solve->current Ls->ok->close->close the solution window
14. General Postproc->Plot results ->Contour plot->Nodal Solution->Stress->Von
mises stress->ok
15. General Postproc->List results->nodal solution->Stress-> von mises stress->ok
CONCLUSION: - The given model is analyzed and correct solutions were found and
tabulated
16
7. ANSYS LAB PROCEDURE FOR MODAL
ANALYSIS [GUI PATH]
(Q5)To carry out the modal analysis for the given beam and to plot the mode
shapes.
17
8. Preprocessor->Meshing->Mesh tool ->Under size control, Lines, Select set
->Select the line->ok-> Enter no of divisions as100-> Mesh->Select the line->ok
9. Solution->Analysis type->new analysis->Modal->ok->Analysis options->in the
space provided against “No of modes to extract” type 3->ok->ok
10. Solution->Define loads->Apply->Structural->Displacement->On nodes->Select
the nodes to apply the boundary conditions->Select the type of boundary
condition->ok
11. Solution->Solve->Current LS->ok->Done
12. General Postproc-> Results summary( A window pops-up Showing the natural
frequencies)
13. General Postproc->Read result->First set
14. General Postproc-> Plot results->Deformed shape->Def+undeformed->ok(The
screen shows the 1st modal shape)
15. General Postproc->Read result->Next set
16. Repeat step 14 (The screen shows the 2nd modal shape)
17. Repeat steps 15 & 16 for other mode shapes
CONCLUSION: - The given model is analyzed and correct solutions were found and
tabulated
18
8. ANSYS LAB PROCEDURE FOR
HARMONIC ANALYSIS [GUI PATH]
(Q5)To carry out the harmonic analysis for the given beam subjected to cyclic
loads for a given frequency range
19
8. Preprocessor->Meshing->Mesh tool ->Under size control, Lines, Select set
->Select the line->ok-> Enter no of divisions as100-> Mesh->Select the line->ok
9. Solution->Analysis type->new analysis->harmonic->ok
10. Solution->Analysis type->analysis options->ok->ok
11. Solution->Define loads->Apply->Structural->Displacement->On nodes->Select
the nodes to apply the boundary conditions->Select the type of boundary
condition->ok
12. Solution->Define loads->Apply->Structural->Force/moment->On nodes-
>Select the nodes to apply the Force->Type the value of force in newton->ok
13. Solution->Load step opts->Time/Frequency->Frequency and sub steps-> In the
box provided against “Harmonic frequency range” enter the range given (e.g.,
frequency range maybe from 0 to 100) ,in the box provided against “no. of sub
steps” enter the given sub steps-> Stepped->ok
14. Solution->Solve->Current LS->ok->Done
15. TimeHistPostporc-> Time history variable->Add data ->Nodal solution->DOF
solution->Y-component of displacement->Type the node no on which load is
applied->ok
16. TimeHistPostporc-> Time history variable->graph data->Nodal solution->DOF
solution->Y-component of displacement->ok( Graph appears)
CONCLUSION: - The given model is analyzed and correct solutions were found and
tabulated
20
SOLVED PROBLEMS
STEPPED BARS
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22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
TRUSSES
35
36
37
BEAMS
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39
40
41
42
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COMPOSITE WALLS( THERMAL ANALYSIS)
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46
47
48
PLATE WITH HOLE
49
50
MODAL ANALYSIS
51
52
53
HARMONIC ANALYSIS
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VIVA QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
1. What are the different approximate solution methods?
Finite Element method, Finite difference method and quadrature method.
5. What is convergence?
Convergence refers to how close the FEM solution is to the exact solution
7. What is p-convergence?
Large elements and complex shape functions are used in p-method problems. In order
to increase the accuracy of the solution, the complexity of the shape function must be
increased. The mesh does not need to be changed when using the p-method.
Increasing the polynomial order increases the complexity of the shape function. As an
initial run, the solution might be solved using a first order polynomial shape function. A
solution is obtained. To check the solution the problem will be solved again using a more
complicated shape function. For the second run, the solution may be solved using a third
order polynomial shape function. A second solution is obtained. The output from the two
runs is compared. If there is a large difference between the two solutions, then the solution
should be run using a third order polynomial shape function. This process is repeated until
the solution is not changing much from run to run.
8. What is h convergence?
Simple shape functions and many small elements are used in h-method problems. In
order to increase the accuracy of the solution, more elements must be added. This
means creating a finer mesh.
55
As an initial run, a course mesh is used to model the problem. A solution is obtained. To
check this solution, a finer mesh is created. The mesh must always be changed if a more
accurate solution is desired. The problem is run again to obtain a second solution. If there
is a large difference between the two solutions, then the mesh must be made even finer and
then solve the solution again. This process is repeated until the solution is not changing
much from run to run.
When using an h-method finite element program (such as ANSYS), the user must run two or
more solutions to ensure that the solution has converged. The user runs the solution with
one mesh and then changes the mesh and reruns the solution.
56
18. What is displacement function?
The displacement function, uniquely defines strain within an element in terms of
nodal displacements.
57
29. Define potential energy.
Potential energy is energy which results from position or configuration
58
It is easier to formulate and computerize the finite element equations with polynomial-
type interpolation functions. Specifically, it is easier to perform differentiation or
integration with polynomials.
It is possible to improve the accuracy of the results by increasing the order of the
polynomial.
59
53. Mention some advantages of FEA over solid mechanics.
In classical methods exact equations are formed and exact solutions are obtained where
as in finite element analysis exact equations are formed but approximate solutions are
obtained.
Solutions have been obtained for few standard cases by classical methods, where as
solutions can be obtained for all problems by finite element analysis.
Whenever the following complexities are faced, classical method makes the drastic
assumptions’ and looks for the solutions: Shape, Boundary conditions, Loading
To get the solution in the above cases, rectangular shapes, same boundary condition
along a side and regular equivalent loads are to be assumed. In FEM no such
assumptions are made. The problem is treated as it is.
When material property is not isotropic, solutions for the problems become very difficult
in classicalmethod. Only few simple cases have been tried successfully by researchers.
FEM can handle structures with anisotropic properties also without any difficulty.
If structure consists of more than one material, it is difficult to use classical method, but
finite element can be used without any difficulty.
Problems with material and geometric non-linearities can not be handled by classical
methods.There is no difficulty in FEM.
60
57. List the different approaches to derive integral equation.
Gaussian quadrature, Simpson’s 1/3 rule etc
61
65. Define Specific heat .
It is a measure of a material’s ability to store thermal energy
62