DESIGN

OF
BRIDGE
Designed by :

Abigail L. Cataina

Jason Mahinil

Cris Lagasca

Fidel Lambayong

Froilan Banggolay

BSCE- 5

Submitted to:

Engr. Rodel Medestomas

Adviser
DESIGN OF DECK SLAB

Assume t= 0.20 m

Effective span = 1.83 m

Dead load ( considering 1m width)

Slab = 0.20 x 1m x 23.573 = 4.71KN/m

FWS = 1.05 x 1m = 1.05 KN/m

Total WDL = 5.76 KN/ m

MDL = (1/ 10)WL = (1/10)(5.76)( 1.83)2 = 1.93 KN ∙m

Live Load: MS18

3.28 S+ 2
MLL = ( P¿¿ 18) ¿
32

3.28 S+ 2
MLL = (72)
32

MLL = 18 KN/m

Impact :

15.24 15.24
I= = =0.382 or 38.2 %
L+ 38 1.83+38

Use I= 30 %

MLL + I = 18 + 1.3 = 19.3 KN/m

Load combination

ULTIMATE MOMENT : (AASHTO)

MU =1.3 [ MDL + 1.67 ( MLL + I )]

MU = 1.3[1.93 + 1.67 (19.3)]
MU = 44.41 KN∙ m

MAIN REINFORCEMENT

MU = 44.41 KN∙ m

Fy = 276 MPa

F’c = 20.68 MPa

T= C

As fy = 0.85 f’c a b

Mu = ⍬ f’c b d 2ω (1-.59ω)

44.41 x 106 = 0.9 x 20.68 x 1000 x 1522 xω (1-.59ω )

ω=1.5844378

ωf ' c
ρ= = 0.11871802
fy

1.4 1.4
ρmin= = =0.005072463
fy 276

DESIGN OF INTERIOR GIRDER

DESCRIPTION: TWO LANE 17.00M SPAN RGDG 7.34M ROADWAY WIDTH WITH 2-0.76M
SIDEWALK

EFFECTIVE FLANGE WIDTH

L 17
of span= =4.25 m
4 4

Center to center of girder = 2.28m

b + 12t = 0.50 + 12(0.2) = 2.90m

I. DEAD LOADS

SLAB = 0.20 X 2.28 X 23.573 = 10.749 KN/m

F.W.S = 1.05 X 2.28 = 2.394 KN/m
FILLET = 0.10 X 0.10 X 0.5 X 2 X 23.573 = 0.236 KN/m
DIAPHRAGM = (.25(.85) + 2(.30)(.95) + 2(.10)(.10))(1.78)(23.573)(1/17) =1.981 KN/m
SIDEWALK = (0.35+0.561)(.5)(1.115)(23.573)(2)(1/4) = 5.98KN/m
RAILPOST = (0.25)(0.85)(0.90)(18)(23.573)(1/4)(1/17) = 0.351 KN/m
RAILINGS = (0.25)(0.15)(1.0)(4)(23.573)(1/4) = 0.884 KN/m
GIRDER = (1.05)(0.50)(23.573) = 12.376 KN/m

TOTAL DEAD LOADS = 34.957 KN/m

 W D L2
MDL =
8
( 34.957 ) (17)2
= = 1262.822 KN∙m
8
W D L ( 34.957 ) (17)
VDL = = =297.135 KN ∙m
2 2

II. LIVE LOAD AND IMPACT

FRACTION OF WHEEL LOAD

S X 3.28
DF =
6
2.28 X 3,28
= =1.246
6
IMPACT
15.24 15.24
I = = =0.277
L+ 38 17+ 38

TRUCK LOADING (MS18)

R=162KN

18KN 72KN 72KN

4.267m 4.267m

X=5.689m
R = 18 + 72 + 72 = 162KN
162 x = 72(4.267) + 72(4.267)
X = 5.689m

72KN R=162KN

e/2 e/2

L/2 L/2

R2
R1
∑MR2 = 0

17(R1) = 162( L/2 –e/2)

= 162 (17/2 – 1.422/2) = 74.225 KN

MMAX = (R1)(L/2 –e/2) – 18 (4.267) = 74.225 (17/2 – 1.422/2) – 18(4.267)

= 501.33 KN

18KN 72KN 162K 72KN

N

4.267m 4.267m

R1 R2

VMAX = R2

∑MR1 = 0

R2 (17) = 162 [ 17- (4.267-1.422)] = 134.889 KN

MLL + I = 501.33 x 1.246 x 1.277 = 797.687 KN∙ m

VLL + I = 134.889 x 1.246 x 1.277 = 209.854 KN∙ m

III. SIDEWALK LIVE LOAD

W= 4.07 KN/m2 x 0.76 = 3.093 KN/m

MSIDEWALK =1/8 x 3.093 x 172 x 2 x ¼ = 55.867 KN∙m

VSIDEWALK = ½ x 3.093 x 17 x 2 x ¼ = 13.145 KN

ULTIMATE MOMENT : (AASHTO)

MU =1.3 [ MDL + 1.67 ( MLL + I + MSW )]

MU = 1.3[1262.822 + 1.67 (797.687 + 55.867)]
MU = 3494 .73 KN∙ m

VU = 1.3[ VDL + 1.67 ( VLL + I + VSW )]

= 1.3[ 297.135 + 1.67 ( 209.854 + 13.145)]
= 870.406 KN
DESIGN PROPER

2.28m

200

d 130mm

.50m
Use f’c = 20.68 MPa, fy = 276 MPa

TRIAL d = 1300-40-12-30-32 = 1186mm

Check for the comprerssion block falls on the flange of the T- beam.

Try a=100mm

As= Mu/ 0.9(fy)(d-a/2) = 3494.73 X103 / 0.90 (276)( 1186 – 100/2)

As = 12,384.649 mm2

a = Asfy/ 0.85f’cb = (12,384. 649)(276)/ (0.85x 20.68 x 2280)

a = 85.288 < 200 mm
∴a<t

Mu = ⍬ As fy (d- a/2) = 0.9( 12, 384.649)(276)( 1186- 85.288/2) = 3517.36 KN∙m >
= 3517.36 > 3494.73

By proportion

As = 12, 384.649
3494.73 3517.36

As = 12,304.969 mm2

Find a:
a = 12,304.969 (276)/ 0.85(20.68)(2280)

a = 84.739 mm < tf =200mm

∴therefore treat the section as rectangular beam

TRIAL Mn

Asmin = 1.4bd/ fy = 1.4 (2280)(1186)/276

= 13,716.35 mm2
 N of 36mm ⏀ bar = 14 bars

Spacing of bars
= 1.5⏀ = 1.5 (36) = 5.4 mm
= 1.5 x Asmin = 1.5 ( 37) = 55.5 say 60 mm

Determine center to center of rebars

14y = 70 (6) + 166(6)+ 266(2)
y = 138.57mm

π
As = 14 x ×362 =14,250.32mm2
4

d = 1300- 138 = 1162mm

∴use d= 1162mm

Recalculate As and Mu from actual d and As since the compression block is on the flange
treat as rectangular beam.

14,250.32× 276
Actual a= =98.136 mm< 200 mm
0.85× 20.68 ×2280

Actual Mn = ∅ As fy d− ( a2 )=0.9 (14250.32 ) ( 276) ( 1162−98.136 )

= 3,939.533 mm > 3494.73 mm

∴safe

Minimum depth of girder = 1 .10 x

L + 2.75
18
17+2.75
= × 1.10=1,207<1300 mm
18

∴ADOPT DEPTH OF GIRDER = 1300 mm

CUTTING OF BARS

Bar Extension = L/20 =1700/20 = 850 mm

Efficient d = 1162mm

1st cut: 2 bars cut, 12 bars remaining

√ As min × L +d
l 1= [ Asmax 2 ] 2
 √ 13716.348 × 17 +1162 2
l 1=
[ π
4
× 362 ×2
2
]
l1 =8749.40 mm2 say 8800 mm

2nd cut: 5 bars cut, 9 bars remaining

√ 13716.348 × 17 +1162 2
l 2=
[ π
4
× 362 × 5
2
]
l2 = 12, 483.44 mm say 12,500 mm

3rd cut: 8 bars cut, 6 bars remaining

√ 13716.348 × 17 +1162 2
l 1=
[ π
4
× 362 × 8
2
]
l3 = 15,174.79 mm say 15200 mm

Remaining bars, l = (8500- 40)(2) = 1700 mm

SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

Vu= 870.406 KN
d = 1162 mm
Vu =⏀Vn
870.406 x 106 = 0.85 Vn
Vn = 1,024, 007.06 KN

1 '
Vc= × √ f c ×bd
6

1
Vc= × √ 20.68 × 2280× 1162
6

Vc = 440,532.18 KN

Vs= Vn- Vc
Vs = 1,024,007.06 – 440, 352.18
Vs = 583,655 KN
 Av fy d
S=
Vs

Assume 16 mm ∅ stirrups

2
π 2
Av = 2 × ×16 =402.12 mm
4

( 402.14 )( 276 ) ( 1162 )

S= =220.97 mm say 200 mm
583 , 655

Check stirrups

0.345 bw S 0.345 (.5)( 200)

As min= = =125 mm2 > 402.12mm 2
fy 276

Check Vs
1
Vs ≤ × √ f ' c bw d
6
1
¿ × √20.68 ×500 ×1162
3
= 583, 655 KN ≤ 880, 704 .26KN

Smax = d/2 or 600

= 1162/2
= 581 mm or 600mm provided

DESIGN OF COPING

LOADINGS
Dead Load = 34.957 x 4 x 17 = 2377.076 KN
Live Load = 209.854 x 4 = 839.416 KN
Sidewalk Load = 3.093 x 2 x 17 =105.162 KN

Total Reaction = 1.30 ( WDL + 1.67 (WLL + WSIDEWALK))

RT = 1.30 [ 2377.076 + 1.67 (839.416 +105.162)]
RT = 5, 140.875 KN

Reaction per Girder = 5140.875/ 4 = 1285.219 KN

A. FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE

Mu= 1285.219 x 1.42 = 1825.01 KN∙m

Vu= 1285.219 KN

RG RG RG RG

2.28m 2.28m 2.28m

 RG

8.84m

1.42
2m
4m

B.
FROM COPING ( width of coping =1.50m)

W1 =0.8 x 1.5 x 2.42 x 23.573= 68.456 KN

W2 = 0.5 x .7 x 1.5 x 2.42 x 23.573 = 20.949 KN

WT = W1 + W2 = 89.405 KN

M1 = 68.456 X 1.312 = 89.814 KN∙m

M2 = 20.949 X 0.908 = 19. 022 KN∙m

MT = 108. 836 KN∙m

Vu = 1.3 X 89.405 = 116.227 KN

Mu = 1.3 X 108.836 = 141. 487 KN∙m

TOTAL SHEAR AND MOMENT

MT = 1825.01 +141. 487 = 1966.497 KN∙m

VT= 1285.219 + 116.227 = 1401.446 KN

REINFORCEMENT

d = 1500 – 100 = 1400 mm

b = 1500mm

As = 0.85 f’c a b/ fy

Mu = ⍬ As fy (d- a/2) = ⍬0.85 f’c (d- a/2)

1966.497 x 106= 0.9(0.85)( 1500a)(20.68)( 1400- a/2)

a = 60.50mm

As = (0.85x 20.68 x 60.50 x 1500)/276

As = 5,779.72 mm2

π
Ab = ×322=804.25 mm2
4

No. of bars = As/ Ab = 8 bars

Asmin = (1.4 bd)/fy = (1.4 x 1500 x 1400)/ 276 = 10652.17 mm2

∴ use As = 8 x 804.25 = 6434 mm2 provided

Mu = ⍬ Ru b d

Ru = f’c ᾠ (1-.59ᾠ )

ρfy
ω=
fc

ρmax =0.75 ρb

ρmax =0.75 ¿

ρmax =0.027809

ω=0.371147

Rn = 5.994

1996.474 x106 = 0.90 (5.949)(1500)d2

d = 492.93 mm < 1400 mm provided

actual d = 1400mm

Mu
As required=
∅ fy d ( 1−.59ω )
 1966.497 ×106
As required= =7,240.185 mm2
∅ ( 276 ) ( 1400 ) (1−.59 ω )

As max ¿ 0.027809 ( 1500 )( 1400 )=58 , 380 mm2

As min = 10,652.17 mm2

∴ use As min

SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

Vu= 1285.219 KN
actual unit shear Vu

Vu= Vu / ∅ bd = 1285.219(10)6 / (0.85 x 1500 x 1400) = 0.72

Allowable unit shear

Va=0.167 × √ f ' c = 0.167 × √ 20.68=0.76>0.72

Va > Vu
∴ no need to use stirrups

For safety purposes use 12 mm∅ stirrups space 200mm