Lipids

- It contains large number of non-polar

carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds
which cause it to be non-polar.
- soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in
water.
- unique among organic molecules: their
identity is defined on the basis of physical
property and not by the presence of a
particular group.
- variety of structure and have many
different functions.
Lipids
- general formula R-COOH
- commonly called fats and oils.
- has long non-polar tails of fatty acids
(composed of –C-C- and C-H-) is very
hydrophobic.
- polar head which made up of COOH, a
very hydrophilic at certain pH condition.
No of C No of C=C Saturated Fatty acids Name of Fatty Acids Mpt
atom bonds 0C

12 0 CH3 (CH2)10COOH Lauric acid 44

14 0 CH3(CH2)12COOH Myristic acid 48
16 0 CH3(CH2)14COOH Palmitic acid 63
18 0 CH3(CH2)16COOH Stearic acid 71
20 0 CH3(CH2)18COOH Arachidic acid 77

Unsaturated Fatty acids

16 1 CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)7COOH Palmitoleic acid 1
18 1 CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH Oleic acid 16
18 2 CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH Linoleic acid -5
(CH2)7COOH

18 3 CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH= Linolenic acid -11

CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH

20 4 CH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2)4(CH2)2 Arachidonic acid -19

Lipids
- contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
- building Blocks of Lipids is fatty acids and
Gycerol (trihydric alcohol)
 Fatty acids - natural lipids with straight chain
carboxylic acid of 10 to 20 carbon atoms, have
an even number of carbon including the
carboxylic group.
• 1) Saturated fatty acids - have no double
bonds in their long hydrocarbon chains.
Palmitic and Stearic acids
• 2) Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more
double bonds in their long hydrocarbon
chains. Linoleic and linolenic acids
 - The presence of double bonds between
carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon tails makes
these molecules more reactive (unsaturated).
- Hydrogenation- addition of 2 atoms of
hydrogen to adjacent carbon-carbon double
bonded atoms.
 Hydrogenation

CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH + H-H

CH3(CH2)7CH2CH2(CH2)7COOH
• Palmitic acid and The most common saturated
fats are palmitic and stearic acids, and oleic is
most common for unsaturated. Linolenic and
linoleic acids are essential fatty acids because
human body cannot synthesize them and must
acquire them in our diet.
• Unsaturated fatty acids are sometimes classifies
as omega –n-acids, where n is carbon at which
the first double bonds occurs in the carbon chains
beginning at the end that contain the CH3 group.
Thus, linoleic acid is omega-6 aid and linolenic
acid is omega-6 acid. Oil formed from omega-3
fatty acids may provide health benefits to
individual with cardiovascular disease.