CHAPTER 5

Health Promotion, Risk Reduction, and Capacity-Building Strategies

1. The community health nurse frequently engages in health promotion and health protection.
Among the following, which activities are categorized as health promotion?
1. Organizing an aerobics class for office employees A. 1, 2, and 3
2. Advocating for breastfeeding among working pregnant women B. 1, 2, and 4
3. Instructing pregnant women on the benefits of newborn screening C. 2, 3, and 4
4. Teaching mothers how to prepare solid foods for their young children D. All of these
Answer: B

2. A risk factor is an exposure associated with a particular disease. Studies show that alcohol
intake is associated with breast cancer. Which of the following statements is true of the
relationship between alcohol intake and breast cancer?
A. Women who have breast cancer tend to engage in drinking alcohol.
B. Most women who take alcoholic beverages eventually develop breast cancer.
C. Some men develop breast cancer because more men indulge in drinking alcohol.
D. The risk of having breast cancer gets higher as the amount of alcohol intake increases.
Answer: D

3. Determining the effects of air pollution on the respiratory condition of young children in the
catchment area is undertaken by the public health nurse. What is the best term that can be
applied to the nurse’s action?
A. Nursing process
B. Risk assessment
C. Nursing research
D. Environmental scanning
Answer: B

4. The Department of Health issued a warning on the potential hazards of artificial formula
feeding for infants through multimedia. What is the best term that can be applied to the action
of the DOH?
A. Risk reduction
B. Health education
C. Health information
D. Risk communication
Answer: D

5. Diet is an important topic for health promotion. Many mothers send their children to school
with easily prepared foods, such as hotdogs and fried eggs, for lunch, In a mothers’ class on
food preparation, what specific message should be emphasized regarding this practice?
A. Add milk to the children’s daily diet to ensure adequate intake of calcium.
B. A balanced diet is better achieved through a variety in the foods that we eat every day.
C. Sending the children to school with lunch prepared at home helps ensure food hygiene.
D. A daily serving of foods cooked in cooking oil helps ensure that the children get adequate
energy.
Answer: C

6. To promote good dietary habits among Filipinos, the Food and Nutrition Research Institute
suggests the use of guides in menu planning. Which of the following tools can be used as a
guide for menu planning for adolescent family members?
A. Food Composition Table
B. Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos
C. Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes
D. Daily Nutritional Guide Pyramid (Food Pyramid)
Answer: D
7. Physical activity is another modifiable health factor. Based on evidence, which of the following
variables must the nurse take into consideration when advocating for physical activity among
adult clients?
1. Age A. 1, 2, and 3
2. Occupation B. 1, 2, and 4
3. Socioeconomic status C. 2, 3, and 4
4. Educational attainment D. All of these
Answer: D

8. The environment is an important factor influencing the amount of physical activity of

individuals. Criteria to determine the walkability of a community have been developed. Which
of the following conditions is considered NOT conducive to walking?
A. Availability of crossings
B. Conflict over walking paths
C. Availability of walking paths
D. A high degree of crossing safety
Answer: B

9. A mother tells the nurse that her 10-month old baby seems to be sleepy most of the time,
sleeping three to four times for about 1 hour during the daytime, even after a good night’s
sleep. Which of the following responses of the nurse is most appropriate?
A. “You have nothing to worry about. This is normal for his age”.
B. “He is abnormally sleepy. I think we should refer your baby to the doctor”.
C. “Some medications cause problems like this. Is he on any medication at this time?”
D. “Is it possible that your baby does not sleep well at night? Are there disturbances at night in
your home or neighborhood?
Answer: A

10. Celia, a 40-year old bank employee, tells you of her inability to achieve optimum sleep at night.
Which of the following factors should be included in your interview with Celia?
1. Celia’s sleep environment A. 1, 2, and 3
2. Alcohol intake close to bedtime B. 1, 2, and 4
3. Regularity of arising in the morning C. 2, 3, and 4
4. Exposure to nicotine, as in cigarettes D. All of these
Answer: D

11. Smoking cessation is an important step in risk reduction against many chronic diseases. In
giving health information, which diseases does the nurse emphasize as strongly associated with
cigarette smoking?
1. Heart disease A. 1, 2, and 3
2. Diabetes mellitus B. 1, 3, and 4
3. Cerebrovascular disease (stroke) C. 2, 3, and 4
4. Kidney diseases, such as nephritis D. All of these
Answer: B

12. Withdrawal symptoms and other undesirable effects occur with smoking cessation. A client
who has quit smoking tells the nurse of these undesirable effects. Which of the following is
NOT attributed to smoking cessation and indicates the need for further management?
A. Irritability
B. Depression
C. Increased appetite and weight gain
D. Craving to smoke 2 years after cessation
Answer: B

13. Because smoking is clearly linked with many chronic diseases, Congress passed a law in R.A.
9211 in 2003. What are the important provisions of this law?
 1. Prohibits smoking in public places A. 1, 2, and 3
2. Requires a printed warning on in cigarette packages B. 1, 2, and 4
3. Prohibits all forms of advertising for tobacco products C. 2, 3, and 4
4. Prohibits sale of cigarettes and tobacco products to minors D. All of these
Answer: D

14. The MPOWER strategy of the World Health Organization includes the following EXCEPT
A. Monitor tobacco use and prevention policies.
B. Prohibit smoking in public places.
C. Offer help to quit tobacco use.
D. Warn about the dangers of tobacco.
Answer: B

15. Individuals who take alcoholic beverages are reminded to “drink moderately”. According to
health authorities, moderate drinking is taking not more than
A. 100 ml of whiskey
B. 1 glass (360 ml) of wine
C. 1/2 glass (180 ml) of gin
D. 720 ml or 2 bottles of beer
Answer: D

16. Excessive drinking is a health hazard. A man takes 6 drinks occasionally. What is the term for
this practice?
A. Alcoholism
B. Binge drinking
C. Heavy drinking
D. Habitual drinking
Answer: B

17. The nurse is conducting health education classes for workers in a construction firm. One of the
workers asked her what particular conditions are definitely linked with excessive alcohol
intake. Which of the following conditions are associated with heavy alcohol intake?
1. Hypertension A. 1 and 2
2. Liver cirrhosis B. 3 and 4
3. Depression and anxiety C. 1, 2, and 3
4. Cancer of the mouth, throat and liver D. All of these
Answer: D

18. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion lists down fundamental conditions and resources for
health. Which of the following is NOT in this list?
A. Shelter
B. College education
C. Sustainable resources
D. Social justice and equity
Answer: B

19. The nurse conducts a nutrition class for mothers in a barangay. One of the class activities is a
contest on a 24-hour menu planning. What principle is the nurse applying in this activity?
A. Format
B. Message
C. Experience
D. Environment
Answer: C

20. The nurse, together with the other members of the health team, conducts a barangay health
workers training class. Which of the following competencies is NOT an appropriate target for
this class?
A. Interpersonal skills
B. Recognizing common illnesses in the community
C. Health assessment, such as vital signs and physical examination
D. Dispensing over-the-counter medications, such as pain relievers
Answer: D