E F B GEOSTRUKT, INC.

BUILDERS • ENGINEERS • CONSULTANTS • SITE

ACQUISITION

GEOTECHNICAL
INVESTIGATION
DITO TELECOMMUNITY CORPORATION

SITE ID: PH0301119_CWD

SITE NAME: PH0301119_Option1
LONGITUDE: 120.6183543
LATITUDE: 15.0854794
SITE ADDRESS: PUROK 7 BRGY. DELA PAZ NORTE, SAN FERNANDO,
PAMPANGA

Prepared by:

Engr. Cesario A. Bacosa Jr., Ph.D. SEAGE, ISSMGE, IGE, FRICE

(Civil Engineer - Geotechnical Engineer/Structural)
Member of South-East Asia Geotechnical Engineers Society (SEAGS).
Member- International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineers
(ISSMGE). Member- International Geosynthetics Society, Philippines (IGS)
Fellow- Royal Institute of Civil Engineers - Singapore (RICE)
Member - Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE)

PTR No: 1299124

Issued on February 22, 2019
Issued at Puerto Princesa City
 PRC No. 87885
Issued on: August 15, 2000
Valid Until: August 19, 2022
Table Content

Abstract -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- a

1.0 Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

2.0 Purpose of Study ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

3.0 Procedure for the Standard Penetration Test --------------------------------- 2

4.0 Location, Accessibility & Geography --------------------------------------------- 4

5.0 Soil Bearing Capacity ----------------------------------------------------------------- 5

6.0 Subsurface Condition & Result of Standard Penetration Test ------------ 7

7.0 Liquefaction Potential --------------------------------------------------------------- 7

8.0 Foundation Soil Types and Characteristics -------------------------------------- 8

9.0 Evaluation/Recommendation ----------------------------------------------------- 8

10.0 Site Coefficients and Seismic Factors ------------------------------------------ 9

11.0 Conclusions --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9

Graphical Log 1 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- i

Summary of Data from the SPT -------------------------------------------------------- ii

Soil Bearing Capacity Calculation----------------------------------------------------- iii

Parameters/Assumptions --------------------------------------------------------------- iv

Location Map and Pictorial at Site ---------------------------------------------------- v

References ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vi
 ABSTRACT

The study of soil foundation has long been regarded as the most
interesting and important aspect of engineering geology and
geotechnical engineering wherein designers and planners from private
and public sectors address before implementing the construction of
vertical structures. Failure to appreciate the problems to soil
foundation may lead to property damage and even loss of lives.

The foundation design’s primarily concern is to ensure that movement

of foundation must be kept within the limits of tolerance in
accordance with the proposed structures without adversely affecting
its functional requirement.

The design of the foundation structure requires an understanding of

the geology and groundwater conditions, and more particularly, the
analysis of the various stresses and types of ground settlement that
can occur in the area.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This report pertains to the result of the Geotechnical Investigation conducted at
PUROK 7 BRGY. DELA PAZ NORTE, SAN FERNANDO, PAMPANGA for
the proposed DITO TELECOMMUNITY TOWER on Dec. 14, 2019 per request
of the proponent and project owner, Dito Telecommunity Corporation. The site
is situated within a residential area with a topography that is relatively flat underlying
by different types of soil materials.

The soil foundation type in the proposed site and its corresponding structures can be
categorized into several types of soil, but generally, the dominant materials are clay,
sand and claystone.

Clay materials occur naturally and consist of very fine grain material with very less
air spaces and become very heavy when wet. Clay soil is formed after years of rock
disintegration and weathering. It is also formed as sedimentary deposits after the rock
is weathered, eroded and transported.

Sand has the biggest particles; and the bigger size of the particles in a soil the better is
aeration and drainage of the soil. This soil is granular and consists of rock and mineral
particles that are very small. Therefore, the texture is gritty. Sandy soil is formed by
the disintegration and weathering of rocks such as limestone, granite, quartz and
shale.

Claystone is formed as a mud like rock under intense pressure from overbearing rock
layers and form the intense heat which is to be found underground. It contains many
minerals and crystals which also add to its ability to reflect light and change
appearance when it gets wet. It comes in a very wide variety of colors, including light
blue, gray, yellow, green, and various earth tones which also change when the slate is
wet or has the light strike it at different angles during the day. These provide a totally
natural look which is 100% environmentally friendly and provides a changing
panoply of color and texture variation.
2.0 PURPOSE OF STUDY
The purpose of the geotechnical investigation is to obtain information on the physical
properties of the soil or rock underlying the site and the soil bearing capacities at
certain depths which shall be used as reference for designing the foundations of the
proposed structure.
 The primary considerations for foundation supports are bearing capacity settlements
and ground movement beneath the foundations. Bearing capacity is the ability of the
site soils to support the loads imposed by the buildings or structures. Settlement
occurs under all foundations in all soil conditions, through lightly loaded structures or
rock sites may experience negligible settlements. For heavier structures or softer sites,
both overall settlements relative to unbuilt areas or neighboring building, and
differential settlement under a single structure, can be concerns. Of particular concern
is settlement which occurs over time, as immediate settlement can usually be
compensated for during construction. Ground movement beneath a structure’s
foundations can occur due to shrinkage or swell of expansive soils due to climatic
changes, frost expansion of soil, melting of permafrost, slope instability, or other
causes. All these factors must be considered during of foundations.

The behaviour of every foundation depends primarily on the engineering

characteristics of the underlying deposits of soil and rock. It is important for the
foundation engineer to distinguish among the various deposits of different character to
identify their physical constituents and to determine their physical properties in the
investigated site.

3.0 PROCEDURE FOR THE STANDARD PENETRATION TEST (SPT)

The conduct of test and the requirement/tools used in accordance with the American
Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM-D-1586), and consist of a 5-centimeter
diameter sampler (i.e. split spoon) into the ground by means of freely dropping a
“63.3-kg cylindrical hammer” from a height of 75-centimeters and counting blows
needed to penetrate a 15-centimeter section. Each test section of sub-soil is equivalent
to 45-centimeters.

The total number of blows for the last 30-centimeters is added up and repeated as “N”
or penetration is recorded after 60 blows. In the latter case, should refusal depth be
less than one (1) meter, another SPT (i.e. offset hole) is conducted three (3) meters
away from the first hole. A maximum of three “offset” SPT holes for each site will be
conducted for confirmation purpose.

The penetration resistance (N) being directly related to the soil in site density and
consistency is utilized in the computation of the soil bearing capacity for foundation
design purpose. Other parameters such as cohesion, friction angle, and unit weight
(wet and dry) are derived using empirical relationships established by Terzhagi, et, al.
4.0 LOCATION, ACCESSIBILITY & GEOGRAPHY
The proposed Dito Telecommunity tower is located at PUROK 7 BRGY. DELA
PAZ NORTE, SAN FERNANDO, PAMPANGA. Longitude: 120.6183543,
Latitude: 15.0854794.

Pampanga (Kapampangan: Lalauígan ning Pampángga; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng

Pampanga) is a province in the Central Luzon region of the Philippines. Lying on the
northern shore of Manila Bay, Pampanga is bordered by Tarlac to the north, Nueva
Ecija to the northeast, Bulacan to the east, the Manila Bay to the central-south, Bataan
to the southwest and Zambales to the west. Its capital is the City of San Fernando.
Angeles City, while geographically within Pampanga, is classified as a first-class,
highly urbanized city and is governed independently of the province.
Pampanga covers a total area of 2,002.20 square kilometres (773.05 sq mi) occupying
the south-central section of the Central Luzon region. When Angeles City is included
for geographical purposes, the province's area is 2,062.47 square kilometres (796.32
sq mi). The province is bordered by Tarlac to the north, Nueva Ecija to the northeast,
Bulacan to the east, the Manila Bay to the central-south, Bataan to the southwest, and
Zambales to the northwest.
5.0 SOIL BEARING CAPACITY
The standard penetration test was carried out to reach the maximum depth of 15.0

meters. The data derived from the standard penetration tests and its result (Table 1)
was calculated for the allowable and ultimate bearing values (Table 2). Using the
Terzaghi’s Soil Bearing Formula, supplemented by parameters and assumptions
corresponding to the result of the Standard Penetration Resistance Values, allowable
bearing capacities at different depths were determined for the proposed building. The
loading capacity assumes a factor of safety equivalent to a Local Shear Failure
Condition for conservative purposes.
 Terzaghi’s Soil Bearing Formula is presented as equation:
Qu = 1.3cNc + qNq + 0.4yNy
Qallow = Qu / Fs

Where:
Qu = is the ultimate soil bearing capacity
C = is the cohesion in kg/mᵌ
q; y = is the surcharge = yD; yB in kg/m²
y = is the soil unit weight in kg/mᵌ
D = is the depth of footing in meters
B = is the base length in meters
Fs = is the factor of safety
Nc, Nq, Ny are bearing capacity dimensionless factors based on
friction angle.

 The lowest computed allowable bearing capacity was encountered at 1.00 meters
depth with an equivalent value of 56kPa while the maximum allowable bearing
capacity before refusal was encountered at 13.5 meters depth with an equivalent
value of 486kPa. The ultimate bearing capacities before refusal also range from
17211kPa to 148479kPa (refer to Table 2).

The materials taken as samples during the penetration test consist mostly of
SILTY SANDY INORGANIC CLAYS, SILTY LEAN CLAYS, SANDY
CLAYS, AND SANDY GRAVELLY CLAYS.

5.1 Modulus of Elasticity and Settlement:

Elastic modulus can be estimated using SPT 'N' value or based static cone penetration
resistance (qc)
Sand (Normally consolidated) E = 500(N+15) or E = 2 to 4qc
sand(saturated) E = 250(N+15), sand (over consolidated), E = 6 to 30qc
gravelly sand E = 1200(N+6)
clayey sand E=320(N+15)
silty sand E=300(N+6)
However, the Digital SBT borehole logger apparatus used has its results per soil layer
based on the formulas indicated above and the results shows that the Soil modulus of
elasticity (Es) ranging from 8760 to 10794 kN/ m2.
 For the design purposes, the following table (Table 2) provides the allowable bearing
capacity that has can be used for the design. The bearing capacities were calculated
based on the tolerable settlement.

The settlements (S) was calculated based on Schmertmann Method, the results show
the settlements (delta) was 21.82 mm wherein at depth of 5.5m this is no settlement.
The pressure due to the weight of excavated materials should be added to the above
values. A computed value ranging 1437kg/m3 to 1437kg/m3 can be used in
determining the unit weight of soil above the ground water table and 898kg/m3 to
1437kg/m3 below.
6.0 SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS AND RESULTS OF STANDARD PENETRATION
TEST (SPT)
Based on visual inspection, data gathered form the standard penetration test and its
correlation with soil consistency and in situ relative density, the subsurface
stratification along the drilled borehole is shown in the Graphical Log 1, and
Summary of SPT (Table 1). As can be seen from the soil profile, the overburden soil
is composed mostly of clay, sand and claystone with the presence of grass roots,
pebbles and weathered rocks, traces of sand, low to high plasticity deposits, and very
stiff to hard sediments.
The N-values of 2 to 7 blows per 30cm are stiff to very stiff sediments. Above 30
blows/ 30cm are hard and very dense sediments. The water table at the site reached at
the depth of 2.36 meters from the ground level during the boring tests.

7.0 LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL

Soil liquefaction describes a phenomenon where a saturated or partially saturated soil
substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress, usually
earthquakes shaking or other sudden change in stress condition, causing it to behave
like a liquid. The phenomenon is most often observed in saturated, loose (low density
or uncompacted), sandy soils. This is because loose sand has a tendency to compress
when a load is applied; dense sands by contrast tend to expand in volume or dilate. If
the soil is saturated by water, a condition that often exists when the soil is below the
ground water table or sea level, then water fills the gaps between soil grains (‘pore
spaces’). In response to the soil compressing, this water increases in pressure and
attempts to flow out from the soil to zones of low pressure (usually upward towards
the ground surface). However, if the loading is rapidly applied and large enough, or is
repeated many times (e.g. earthquake shaking, storm wave loading) such that it does
not flow out in time before the next cycle of load is applied, the water pressures may
built to an extent where they exceed the contract stresses between the grains of soil
that keep them in contact with each other. These contacts between grains are the
means by which the weight from buildings and overlying soil layers are transferred
from the ground surface to layers of soil or rock at greater depths. This loss of soil
structure causes it to lose all of its strength (the ability to transfer shear stress) and it
may be observed to flow like a liquid (hence ‘liquefaction’).On the samples taken
 during the conduct of the standard penetration tests reveals the site’s existence of very
stiff to hard deposits down to the depth of 2.0 meters before refusal for Borehole 1.
With this observation of the overburden soil, it is most likely that liquefaction of the
soil may not take place due to earthquakes. Liquefaction usually occurs to soft and
loosed soils that are subjected to high shear strains and loses its shear strength due to
seismic shaking and the built-up of pore pressures that reduce the effective stress in
soil. The three factors that control the development of liquefaction are the characters
of ground motions (acceleration and frequency content), soil types and in-situ stress
condition. The materials within the firm and compacted zones however are less likely
to liquefy. Based on the SPT, the high stress of the site materials taken makes
liquefaction less likely to happen.

8.0 FOUNDATION SOIL TYPING AND CHARACTERISTICS

 SILTY SANDY INORGANIC CLAYS

 SILTY LEAN CLAYS
 SANDY CLAYS
 SANDY GRAVELLY CLAYS

9.0 EVALUATION/RECOMMENDATIONS
9.1 Assessment of Subsoils
Based on the boring results, the subsoil at the building site can be idealized to
consist of one (1) type of horizon, the over-consolidated zone:
9.1.1 Over-compacted/Over-consolidated Zone – this zone is composed of over-
consolidated silt and clayey silt with N-values over 15

9.2 Types of Foundation

For the general subsurface condition prevailing at the project site, it is recommended
that the footing foundations of proposed structure be excavated at the depth of 1.0 to
3.0 meters with calculated allowable soil bearing capacities ranging from 35 to
58kPa (pls. refer to Table 2) as basis for design computation for the footing
foundations where it can safely and possible sustain the loads of the proposed
structure.
Normal or manual excavation can still be undertaken at the option of the owner
considering the type of structure to be renovated/erected although the characteristics
of the soil down to the recommended depth of footing foundation are soft to hard
deposits. Machine excavation works may also be done at the option of the owner to
expedite the work.
Shoring and dewatering considerations should also be applied during excavation
works until completion of formworks and concreting of footings, if necessary.
10.0 SITE COEFFICIENTS AND SEISMIC FACTORS
The site coefficient S and seismic zone factor Z required to determine the design base
shear V for structural design is defined in terms of the soil profile as specified in the
National Building Code of the Philippines. Based on the soil profiles (graphical log)
as determined from borings, the Structural Engineer for this project could classify the
site corresponding S factor for given type of soil by referring to the Building Code.
The seismic map of the Philippines divides the country into two zones, namely Zone 2
and Zone 4. For the site under study, the maximum zone factor Z is also found in the
said Building Code.
11.0 CONCLUSIONS
The geotechnical information obtained from the project site does not indicate a
variation in stratigraphy. It is expected that given the date as discussed above, the
proposed structure can be properly designed. This geotechnical evaluation was
prepared by the undersigned as a guide in the design of the foundation of the proposed
structure. Its scope is limited to the project and at the site herein described. Should
there be a change in the location of the structure relative to the drilled hole, and/or any
marked differences in the characteristics of the soil as reported herein compared to the
found in the excavation for foundation, the undersigned should be informed so that
conclusions and recommendations stated herein are modified accordingly.
12.0 LIMITATIONS

The foregoing discussions are limited to the general evaluation of the surface and
subsurface conditions based on the results of the field activities for this project and its
location described herein. It includes our understanding of the engineering geological,
geotechnical and geo-hazard conditions of the project area at the time the
investigation was carried out along with our interpretation of the geotechnical
properties of the foundation material based on the results of the investigation. The
design of foundation is beyond the purview of this report.

It will be important for the Project Geotechnical Engineer or Engineering Geologist to

observe the subsurface conditions at the site during construction to verify if it is
consistent with what has been presented and assumed in this report. Should there be
any significant deviations in the soil characterization as observed.

The consultant should be notified immediately so that modification or refinement of

the recommendations shall be made.
 Prepared by:

Engr. Cesario A. Bacosa Jr., Ph.D. SEAGE, ISSMGE, IGE, FRICE

(Civil Engineer - Geotechnical Engineer/Structural)

PTR No: 1299124

Issued on February 22, 2019
Issued at Puerto Princesa City

PRC No. 87885

Issued on: August 15, 2000
Valid Until: August 19, 2022

Contacts: (Globe) 09064731918 / (Smart) 09479908092

Email: bacosa081976@yahoo.com
 SUMMARY OF STANDARD PENETRATION TEST
DITO TELECOMMUNITY CORPORATION
PUROK 7 BRGY. DELA PAZ NORTE, SAN FERNANDO, PAMPANGA
(Table 1)
Project Owner: DITO TELECOMMUNITY CORPORATION
SITE NAME: PH0301119_Option1
Date start: DEC. 14, 2019
Water Table: 2.36m (±)
Date Depth (m) S No of Blows Total
Bore Terrain Total Start Finish From To P Blows
hole Classificatio Depth T 1st 2nd 3rd 2nd & Soil Classification/Remarks
No. n (m) No. 3rd
0.55 1.00 01 1 1 1 2 SILTY SANDY INORGANIC CLAYS

1.05 1.50 02 2 2 2 4 SILTY SANDY INORGANIC CLAYS

1.55 2.00 03 1 1 2 3 SILTY SANDY INORGANIC CLAYS

Flat Dec. Dec. 2.05 2.50 04 2 2 2 4 SILTY LEAN CLAYS

15.00
1 Residential 14, 14,
Area 2019 2019
2.55 3.00 05 2 2 3 5 SILTY LEAN CLAYS

3.05 3.50 06 2 2 3 5 SILTY LEAN CLAYS

3.55 4.00 07 3 3 3 6 SILTY LEAN CLAYS

4.05 4.50 08 3 3 3 6 SILTY LEAN CLAYS

SUMMARY OF STANDARD PENETRATION TEST

DITO TELECOMMUNITY CORPORATION
 PUROK 7 BRGY. DELA PAZ NORTE, SAN FERNANDO, PAMPANGA
(Table 1)
Project Owner: DITO TELECOMMUNITY CORPORATION
SITE NAME: PH0301119_Option1
Date start: DEC. 14, 2019
Water Table: 2.36m (±)
4.55 6.00 09 3 3 3 6 SANDY CLAYS

7.05 7.55 10 2 2 3 5 SANDY CLAYS

8.55 9.00 11 3 3 3 6 SANDY CLAYS
10.05 10.50 12 2 2 3 5 SANDY CLAYS
11.55 12.00 13 2 2 3 5 SANDY GRAVELLY CLAYS
13.05 13.50 14 2 2 3 5 SANDY GRAVELLY CLAYS
14.55 15.00 15 1 1 1 2 SANDY GRAVELLY CLAYS

Prepared by:

Engr. Cesario A. Bacosa Jr., Ph.D. SEAGE, ISSMGE, IGE, FRICE

(Civil Engineer - Geotechnical Engineer/Structural)
Member of South-East Asia Geotechnical Engineers Society (SEAGS).
Member- International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineers (ISSMGE). Member- International Geosynthetics Society, Philippines (IGS)
Fellow- Royal Institute of Civil Engineers - Singapore (RICE)
Member - Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE)

SOIL BEARING CAPACITY CALCULATION

Company Name: DITO TELECOMMUNITY CORPORATION
DU ID: PH0301119_CWD
Location: PUROK 7 BRGY. DELA PAZ NORTE, SAN FERNANDO, PAMPANGA
LONGITUDE: 120.6183543
LATITUDE: 15.0854794
Date Soil Drilling Performed: DEC. 14, 2019
Depth of Water Table: 2.36m (±)
(Table 2)

CLASSIFICATIONGEOLOGICAL
Qa Qane Ks Qu
(kPa t kg kg
( 3) ( )
) (kPa) m m2
UNIT
Depth (m)

BH C
N WEIGHT F
No N kg
’ ( 2) kg DEG Nc Nq NΥ Fc Fq FΥ
. m ( 3)
m FS=3 FS=2 FS=3
BH-1

1 3. 23. SILTY SANDY

INORGANIC
CLAYS
2 2 1472.0 1437.00 20.5 8 6.8 6 2.8 7.6 0.8 56 42 4502 6754 17211
1.5 4. 26. SILTY SANDY
INORGANIC
CLAYS
4 4 1608.3 1437.00 21.9 4 7.8 7 2.8 0.9 0.8 76 55 6075 9113 23224
2 4. 25. SILTY SANDY
INORGANIC
CLAYS
3 3 1572.1 1437.00 21.6 3 7.5 9 2.8 0.6 0.8 87 59 6960 10440 26604
2.5 4 4 1657.1 1437.00 22.4 4. 8.1 27. 2.7 1.4 0.8 115 80 9196 13793 35151 SILTY LEAN
CLAYS

7 8
 3 5. 30. SILTY LEAN
CLAYS

5 5 1784.0 898.00 23.4 3 9.0 6 2.7 0.0 0.8 116 90 9283 13924 35485
3.5 5. 30. SILTY LEAN
CLAYS

5 5 1785.9 898.00 23.4 3 9.0 7 2.7 1.8 0.8 120 95 9600 14400 36697
4 5. 31. 1195 SILTY LEAN
CLAYS

6 6 1836.2 898.00 23.8 5 9.4 8 2.7 3.1 0.8 149 114 6 17934 45704
4.5 5. 31. 1311 SILTY LEAN
CLAYS

6 6 1834.1 898.00 23.8 5 9.4 8 2.7 3.4 0.8 164 124 7 19675 50140
6 5. 33. 1805 SANDY CLAYS

6 6 1891.4 898.00 24.2 8 9.8 1 2.7 1.5 0.8 226 173 2 27077 69005
7.5 5. 30. 1998 SANDY CLAYS

5 5 1796.8 898.00 23.5 3 9.1 9 2.7 17.1 0.8 250 184 7 29981 76403
9 5. 33. 2695 SANDY CLAYS
6 6 1893.2 898.00 24.2 8 9.8 1 2.7 0.3 0.8 337 258 0 40425 103019
10.5 5. 31. 2869 SANDY CLAYS
5 5 1801.9 898.00 23.5 3 9.2 0 2.7 0.1 0.8 359 266 4 43040 109685
12 SANDY
5. 30. 3247 GRAVELLY
5 5 1778.1 898.00 23.4 2 9.0 5 2.7 5.8 0.8 406 300 7 48716 124149 CLAYS
13.5 5 5 1812.9 898.00 23.6 5. 9.2 31. 2.7 0.5 0.8 486 367 3884 58263 148479 SANDY
4 3 2 GRAVELLY
CLAYS
 15 REFUSAL- TUFFS

*NOTE: 1 borehole drilled per site.

SOIL BEARING CAPACITY CALCULATION

Company Name: DITO TELECOMMUNITY CORPORATION

DU ID: PH0301119_CWD
Location: PUROK 7 BRGY. DELA PAZ NORTE, SAN FERNANDO, PAMPANGA
LONGITUDE: 120.6183543
LATITUDE: 15.0854794
Date Soil Drilling Performed: DEC. 14, 2019
Depth of Water Table: 2.36m (±)

Depth, m N N' C, Unit Wt., f, Degree Nc Nq Ny Fc Fq Es S Fy Qa,kPa QaNET,kPaKs, kN/m2 Ks, kN/m2 Qu, Soil Geological Classifications
KG/M2 KG/M3 kN/m2 mm FS =3 FS =3 Fs=2.0 Fs=3.0 KG/M2
SILTY SANDY
1 2 2 1472.0 1437.00 20.5 3.8 6.8 23.6 2.8 7.6 8760 3.69 0.8 56 42 4502 6754 17211 INORGANIC CLAYS
SILTY SANDY
1.5 4 4 1608.3 1437.00 21.9 4.4 7.8 26.7 2.8 0.9 9766 5.65 0.8 76 55 6075 9113 23224 INORGANIC CLAYS
SILTY SANDY
2 3 3 1572.1 1437.00 21.6 4.3 7.5 25.9 2.8 0.6 9477 4.71 0.8 87 59 6960 10440 26604 INORGANIC CLAYS
2.5 4 4 1657.1 1437.00 22.4 4.7 8.1 27.8 2.7 1.4 9561 3.52 0.8 115 80 9196 13793 35151 SILTY LEAN CLAYS
3 5 5 1784.0 898.00 23.4 5.3 9.0 30.6 2.7 0.0 10461 2.37 0.8 116 90 9283 13924 35485 SILTY LEAN CLAYS
3.5 5 5 1785.9 898.00 23.4 5.3 9.0 30.7 2.7 1.8 10465 1.42 0.8 120 95 9600 14400 36697 SILTY LEAN CLAYS
4 6 6 1836.2 898.00 23.8 5.5 9.4 31.8 2.7 3.1 10794 0.46 0.8 149 114 11956 17934 45704 SILTY LEAN CLAYS
4.5 6 6 1834.1 898.00 23.8 5.5 9.4 31.8 2.7 3.4 10794 0.00 0.8 164 124 13117 19675 50140 SILTY LEAN CLAYS
6 6 6 1891.4 898.00 24.2 5.8 9.8 33.1 2.7 1.5 10615 0.00 0.8 226 173 18052 27077 69005 SANDY CLAYS
7.5 5 5 1796.8 898.00 23.5 5.3 9.1 30.9 2.7 17.1 10490 0.00 0.8 250 184 19987 29981 76403 SANDY CLAYS
9 6 6 1893.2 898.00 24.2 5.8 9.8 33.1 2.7 0.3 10623 0.00 0.8 337 258 26950 40425 103019 SANDY CLAYS
10.5 5 5 1801.9 898.00 23.5 5.3 9.2 31.0 2.7 0.1 10502 0.00 0.8 359 266 28694 43040 109685 SANDY CLAYS
SANDY GRAVELLY
12 5 5 1778.1 898.00 23.4 5.2 9.0 30.5 2.7 5.8 10448 0.00 0.8 406 300 32477 48716 124149 CLAYS
SANDY GRAVELLY
13.5 5 5 1812.9 898.00 23.6 5.4 9.2 31.3 2.7 0.5 10526 0.00 0.8 486 367 38842 58263 148479 CLAYS
15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 REFUSAL- TUFFS

WATER TABLE =2.36± FLAT RESIDENTIAL AREA

 Prepared by
Engr. Cesario A. Bacosa Jr., Ph.D. SEAGE, ISSMGE, IGE, FRICE
(Civil Engineer - Geotechnical Engineer/Structural)
Member of South-East Asia Geotechnical Engineers Society (SEAGS).
Member- International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineers (ISSMGE). Member- International Geosynthetics Society, Philippines (IGS)
Fellow- Royal Institute of Civil Engineers - Singapore (RICE)
Member - Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE)
PARAMETERS AND ASSUMPTIONS:

Values used in relation to the SPT “N” values obtained from the investigation.

A. Clays:

(Essential of Soil Mechanics & Foundation, by David F. McCarthy)

N Relative Soil Approx. Approx. Cohesion

Condition Cohesion (kPa)
(kg/m²)
2-4 Soft 1200-2440 12 – 24
4-8 Medium 2440-4890 24 – 48
8-15 Stiff 4890-9780 48 – 96
15-30 Very Stiff 9780-19300 96 – 189
Above 30 Hard Above 19300 Above 189

B. Mixed Soils:

(Polish Code PN – 59/B-03020, 1959, Soil Mechanics & Foundation

Engineering by Wilun and Starzewski, v.1)

a.) Slightly Clayey Sands, Sandy Silts and Silts

N Relative Soil Approx. Approx. Approx. Angle

Condition Cohesion Cohesion of Internal
(Consistency (kg/m²) (kPa) Friction (Ø)
)
2-4 Medium 200 - 1500 2 – 15 7 -10
4-8 Stiff 1500 – 2050 15– 20 10 -12
8-15 Very Stiff 2050 – 3000 20 – 29 12 -16
15-30 Hard 3000 – 4000 29 – 39 16 - 20
Above 30 Very Hard Above 4000 Above 39

b.) Clayey Sands, Clayey Silts and Sandy Silts

N Relative Soil Approx. Approx. Approx. Angle

 Condition Cohesion of Internal
(Consistency) (kg/m²) Cohesion Friction (Ø)
(kPa)
2-4 Soft 300 – 2050 3 - 20 5–7
4-8 Medium 2050 - 3000 20 - 29 7 -12
8-15 Stiff 3000 – 4000 29 - 39 12 -16
15-30 Very Stiff 4000 – 5000 39 – 49 16 - 20
Above 30 Hard Above 5000 Above 49

c.) Sandy Clays and Silty Clays:

N Relative Soil Approx. Approx. Approx.

Condition Cohesion Cohesion Angle of
(Consistency) (kg/m²) (kg/m²) Internal
Friction (Ø)
2-4 Soft 1000 – 4100 10 – 40 0 -2
4-8 Medium 4100 – 5100 40 – 50 2–5
8-15 Stiff 5100 – 6100 50– 60 5–8
15-30 Very Stiff 6100 – 8200 60 – 80 8 - 10
Above 30 Hard Above 8200 Above 80

C. Cohesionless Soils (Sands):

(Polish Code PN – 59/B-03020, 1959, Soil Mechanics & Foundation

Engineering by Wilun and Starzewski, v.1)

N Relative Soil Condition Approx. Angle of

(Relative Density) Friction (Ø)
<4 Very Loose < 28
4-10 Loose 28 - 32
10-30 Medium 32 – 35
 30-50 Dense 35 – 37
Above 50 Very Dense
For Emperical Determination of Unit Weight (y):
N Above Water Above Below Water Below Water
Table Water Table Table Table
(kg/m3) (kPa) (kg/m3) (kPa)
2-4 1437 14.10 798 7.83
4-10 1597 15.67 898 8.81
11-20 1756 17.22 958 9.40
21-30 1916 18.79 1038 10.18
31-40 1996 19.58 1118 11.00
41-50 2076 20.37 1198 11.75
Above 50 2156 21.15 1278 12.54

For Determination of Shape Factors:

(Foundation Engineering Handbook)
Shape of
Footing Fc Fq Fy
Strip 1.0 1.0 1.0
Square 1.3 – 1.2 0.80
Or 1 + tan Ø
1 + Nq/Nc
Circular 1.3 – 1.2 0.60
Or 1 + tan Ø
1 + Nq/Nc
Rectangular 1 + (B/L)(Nq/Nc) 1 + tan Ø 1 – 0.4B/L

For Values of Nc, Nq, and Ny:

Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity Factors

 Ø Nc Nq Ny
0 5.7 1 0
5 7.3 1.6 0.5
10 9.6 2.7 1.2
15 12.9 4.4 2.5
20 17.7 7.4 5
25 25.1 12.7 9.7
30 37.2 22.5 19.7
34 52.6 36.5 35.0
35 57.8 41.4 42.4
40 95.7 81.3 100.4
45 172.3 173.3 297.4

D. Others:

a.) Internal Angle of Friction (Ø) = zero was assumed for saturated clay
materials.

b.) Square footing dimensions were assumed at 1.50 x 1.50 meters and
computations of bearing capacity should be reviewed in accordance with the
specific dimensions of footing. However, qall is computed based Terzaghi
equation comparatively correlated to Vesics equation, Meyerhofe equation,
Hansen’s equation and AASHTO equations.
 Location Map and
Pictorials at Site

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 VICINITY MAP

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 SITE PICTURE

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 References

REFERENCES:

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 1. EARTH MANUAL, United States Department of the Interior
Oxford & IBH Publishing Co, 4th Edition, 1974

2. FOUNDATION ANALYSIS AND DESIGN, 3rd Edition,

Joseph E. Bowless Consulting Engineer/Software Consultant,
McGraw Hill, Inc., Copyright, 1982

3. THE GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE

PHILIPPINES, MINES AND GEOSCIENCES BUREAU,
published on 1974

4. SMITH’s ELEMENTS OF SOIL MECHANICS, 8th Edition,

Ian Smith, Napier University, Edinburgh

5. PROFILE OF METRO MANILA.

PRESUMPTIVE BEARING PRESSURES

Allowable foundation bearing values that are related to the visual classification
of a site’s bearing soil, a type of design information that may be included as part
of the building codes in effect for cities and suburban areas, are termed

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presumptive bearing pressures (i.e., assumed safe bearing pressures). Table 13-
7 illustrates presumptive bearing values.

Presumptive bearing pressures predate the development of soil mechanics. Their

origin lies in the experiences accumulated by the early builders in an area.
Information of this type easily became part of the early building codes, for the
developing cities needed reference criteria for new construction that presumably
would ensure safe design.

Table 13-7 Presumptive Unit Soil Bearing Values

Allowable Allowable
Class Material Bearing Bearing
Values¹ Values¹
(tons/ft²) (Kpa)

1 Massive crystalline bed rocks, such as

granite, gneiss, trap rock, etc.: in sound 100 10108.3
2 condition
Foliated rocks, such as schist and slate: in 40 4043.33
3 sound condition
Sedimentary rocks, such as hard shales, 15 151625
4 siltstones or sandstones: in sound condition 10 1010.83
5 Exceptionally compacted gravels or sands 6 606.499
6 Gravel and sand – gravel mixtures; compact 4 404.333
7 Gravel, loose; coarse sand: compact
Coarse sand, loose; sand – gravel, mixtures,
loose; fine sand, compact; coarse sand, wet 3 303.25
8 (confined) 2 202.166
9 Fine sand, loose; fine sand. Wet (confined) 4 404.333
10 Stiff clay 2 202.166
11 Meduim-stiff clay 1 106.083
12 Soft Clay (1)
Fill, organic material, or silt

Presumptive bearing values apply to loading at the surface or where permanent

lateral support for the bearing soil is not provided.

Except where, in the opinion of the enforcement officer, the bearing value is
adequate for light frame structures, fill material, organic material, and silt shall
be deemed to be without presumptive bearing value. The bearing value of such
material may be fixed on the basis of tests or other satisfactory evidence.

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Source: (Excerpted from New York State Building Construction Code, 1977,
for illustration only: information currently not in use.

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