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Multiple Access Techniques PDF
Multiple Access Techniques PDF
Communications
2005/07/06
Weng Chien-Erh
Wireless Access Tech. Lab.
Table of Contents(1)
Introduction
FDMA
TDMA
CDMA
SS (Spread Spectrum)
FHSS
DSSS
Hybrid
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Table of Contents(2)
Packet Radio
Pure ALOHA
Slotted ALOHA
CSMA
Reservation Protocol
Reservation-ALOHA
PRMA
NC-PRMA
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Introduction (1)
Multiple Access:
Enable many mobile users to share simultaneously radio
spectrum.
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Introduction (2)
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Introduction (3)
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Introduction (4)
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Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
(1)
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Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
(2)
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Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
(3)
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Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
(4)
Features of FDMA
If an FDMA channel is not in sue, then it sits idle and can’t
be used by other users.
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Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
(5)
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example
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Features of CDMA
Many users of a CDMA system share the same frequency.
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TH-PPM
Ns 1
S tr t wtr t iTs jT f ciN s jTc d i
i j 0
Tc
t
Tf
Ts
User1 : C(1)=[1 0 0 2] d1=0
User2 : C(2)=[0 1 2 0] d2=1
User3 : C(3)=[2 2 1 1] d3=0
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Fast hopping
Slow hopping
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Modulation
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The load L is the sum of the newly generated packets and the
retransmitted packets that suffered collisions.
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Pr(0) e R
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Type of Access
Contention protocols are categorized as:
Random Access: there is no coordination among that users and
the messages are transmitted from the users as they arrive at
the transmitter.
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Pure ALOHA
The pure ALOHA protocol is random access protocol used for
data transfer and a user accesses a channel as soon as a
message is ready to be transmitted.
After a transmission, the user waits for an acknowledgment on
either the same channel or a separate feedback channel.
In case of collisions, the terminal waits for a random period of
time and retransmits the message.
For pure ALOHA, the vulnerable period is double the packet
duration: ,
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Slotted ALOHA
In slotted ALOHA, time is divided into equal time slots of
length greater than the packet duration .
The subscribers each have synchronized clocks and transmit
a message only at the beginning of a new time slot.
The vulnerable period of slotted ALOHA is only one packet
duration, since partial collisions are prevented through
synchronization.
The probability that no other packets will be generated
R
during the vulnerable period is e .
The throughput for the case of slotted ALOHA is thus given
by T Re R .
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Non-persistent CSMA
p-persistent CSMA
CSMA/CD
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Frame N
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Frame N
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Ii : Information slot
CM i : Control minislot
C : Control slot
UID : Uplink user identifier
DID : Downlink user identifier
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