MECHATRONICS ME156P SECTION E03 EXPERIMENT NO.

10
Experiment TITLE: Motorized Pinwheel
Salvado, John Henry M. Date Performed: Jan. 8, 2019
2013102950 Date Submitted: Jan. 15, 2020
Professor: Engr. Edward Ang Course and Year: MFGE/3
Group # 4

Discussion:
This experiment titled Motorized has us student familiarize ourselves with the DC
motor, MOSFET,pushbutton, diode, battery clip, resistor, and connecting wire
Motor.The class is tasked to spin and control the DC motor. The problem in the
experiment is that the Arduino Uno can’t provide the power needed to spin the motor.
So, we will use an external power source and transistors. At most the Arduino may only
provide 40 milliamps(mA) from its pins, not even enough to start spinning the motor. As
the motor experiences a load it will ask for more current to maintain its current speed.
So the Arduino will never be able to provide the power needs of a DC Motor.
The MOSFET will function as a gate that will allow current to pass through when
certain conditions are met. The DC motor will function as the rotating equipment that will
run the pinwheel while the push button will act as a switch.

Learning Objectives:
This experiment’s objectives are;
 To be familiar with the component MOSFET
 To familiarized the students with the function DC Motor and MOSFET
 To understand the concept behind the operation of a MOSFET
 To be able to successfully create a motorized pinwheel glass design project.
 To know the reason behind the additional voltage source.
 To know the function of the Zener diode.
Course Objectives and Anticipated Student Outcomes:
“a” to “k ” and “ L ”outcomes. The ABET outcomes taught and assessed in this course
are:
“A” Ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering
- The ability to apply knowledge of science and engineering was practiced in
this experiment as we could tinker with the Arduino and its code.
“B” Ability to design and conduct experiments as well as analyze and interpret data
- We were able to analyze the data we gathered using a cellphone app to
measure RPM.
“C” Ability to design a system to meet desired needs.
- We were able to adjust the code to meet the desired needs of the experiment.
“D” Ability to function on multidisciplinary teams
- We were able to spread out the workload among the group members evenly
so that each member has a role in the experiment.
“E” Ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems.
- We were able to identify certain errors in our code and our set up. We were
able to confirm that some of our wiring wasn’t connected properly and we
were able to fix the issues in both the hardware and software side of the
experiment.
“F” Understanding of professional and ethical responsibility
- We were able to work independently as a group and finished the experiment
responsibly
“G” Ability to communicate effectively
- We were able to communicate together as a group and finished the work
efficiently.
“H” Broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a
global/societal context
- The scope of this experiment was very limited and didn’t tackle any global
issues.
“I” Recognition of the needs for and ability to engage in lifelong learning
- Aside from working as a group this piqued my interest in the programming
side of the Arduino experiments.
“J” Knowledge of contemporary issues.
- In the current Philippine situation, we lack innovators on that could compete
on a global scale, this experiment could be an eye opener for many students
“K” Ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools for engineering
practice
- We exercised our skills in working with the modern engineering tool the
Arduino.
“L” Knowledge and understanding of engineering and management principles as a
member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments
- As a member of the group we were able to acknowledge the different roles
we had to play in the experiment.
Group Assignments/Task done by EACH member:
GROUP NUMBER 4
EXPERIMENT #10
Experiment Title: Motorized Pinwheel Due Date: 1/15/2020
Group Member
Name: Brief % Completed
No. Group Member Description of by Members Your Score
Signature: the Work
assigned to
Members

Salvado, John Assembled the

1 Henry setup 100% 100

Roca , Reimbert
Randalla Programmed
2 100% 100
the arduino

Mendoza , Carlo E. Programmed

3 and 100% 100
troubleshooted

Fernando , Bon
Keno R. Brought the
4 100% 100
laptop

San Juan , Marco P.

Troubleshoot
5 100% 100
the experiment

*100% means the member completed his/her assigned work.

By signing this assignment cover sheet, I agree that the percentages stated in the %
completed column reflect the contribution made by me and the other members of the group.
List of materials Needed for the Experiment:
1. USB Data Cable (Yellow) 8. 9V Battery and connector

2. Arduino Uno
3. Bread Board
9. DC motor and PinWheel

4. Diode
5. 10k ohm resistor

10. Connecting Wires ( 6 Medium

Green wires , 3 Short Green
Wires).

6. MOSFET

7. Push Button Switch

Schematic Diagram:
List of ACTUAL SAFETY procedures implemented in this experiment:
Steps:
1. Identify and Audit all parts needed for the experiment, Check if any are missing

2. Read the Arduino Uno Starter Kit for instructions.

3. Referencing from the Manual Assemble the Set up as shown in the schematic.
Take note of the polarity of the components as this is important.

4. While assembling the Set up another group member should Start Coding in the
Arduino Uno Program.
5. Once the set up has been assembled upload the code onto the Arduino Uno.
6. Test if the set up is working by pressing the Push button. The Pinwheel should
start to move if the button is pressed. If not Check for connection and errors in
the code.
7. If set up is working as intended begin to record Data. Using a smartphone app
measure the RPM of the motor and record this data. Using a multimeter Measure
the Voltage drawn by the DC motor While running.
8. Once finished, disassemble the setup and keep all component in the box.
Arduino Code:
1. const int switchPin = 2;
- Declares the switchPin to be a constant integer which is connected at pin 2.
2. const int motorPin = 9;
- Declares the motorPin to be a constant integer which is connected at pin of 9.
3. int switchState = 0;
- Declares the switchState to be an integer with a value of 0.
4. void setup() {
- This is where the set-up code is placed.
5. pinMode(motorPin, OUTPUT);
- Declare the motorPin to be an output signal.
6. pinMode(switchPin, INPUT);
- Declares the switchPin to be an input signal.
7. }
- This closes the void setup statement.
8. void loop(){
- This is where the main code is placed and ran repeatedly.
9. switchState = digitalRead(switchPin);
- This will read the value for switchPin and store its digital value as switchState
10. if (switchState == HIGH) {
- If the switchState is tyrned on, then.....
11. digitalWrite(motorPin, HIGH);
- The motor will turn on.
12. }
- This closes the if statement.
13. else {
On the other hand if the if statement is false, then....
14. digitalWrite(motorPin, LOW);
- The motor is turned off.
15. }
- This closes the else statement.
16. }
- This closes the void loop statement.

Data Sheet/ Gathered:

State RPM Voltage
ON 11143 RPM 7.9 Volts

ANALYISIS:
The data we gathered in this experiment was acquired by using a Smartphone
app and a multimeter. The RPM recorded by the phone we can’t determine if it is 100%
accurate because the app measures RPM through the increase in pitch of the sound
produced by the motor. Since there is background noise in the room this affects the
data we gathered, but with multiple attempts the data we recorded was always around
the 10-12k RPM, which is possible for this type of DC motor.
As for voltage drawn, we got the value of 7.9V as the Motor is running. Which
was within specifications of the Motor.
Overall the Experiment was a success and we learned that motors produce its
own current when running through inductance. That why the transistor was necessary
so that current wont flow into the Arduino and damage it.

Recommendation:
I recommend that the class should use a digital Tachometer or digital laser photo
tachometer to measure the RPM of the Motor. This could also be used for future
experiments, but this would be more ideal than App we used which gathered the data
using sound. The digital Tachometer would be more accurate for the experiment.
Conclusion:
In conclusion we were able to successfully set up the pin wheel experiment. The
MOSFET was able to make the Arduino to control the on and of operation of the DC
motor. The process starts when the switch is pushed, the digital pin reads the input and
the Arduino then sends 5v to the MOSFET, this small current allows the bigger current
to flow thus the MOSFET acts as a digital switch. The Zener diode has a function of
preventing back voltage.
We were able to achieve the objectives set for us we were able to familiarize
ourselves with the components given to us as explained through the flow of the
experiment and how it works above.
Answer to Questions:
a. In the experiment, why do we need extra battery to run the DC motor?
- We needed an extra battery because the Arduino Uno can’t provide the
power needed to run the DC motor. So an external source was needed.
b. What is a Back Voltage ? How does it happen ? Research it ! Explain.
- In the Experiment back voltage come from the DC Motor. The Dc motor
produces a back current through inductance. Inductance is the property of an
electric conductor or circuit that causes an electromotive force to be
generated by a change in the current flowing.
c. SUGGEST the INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION of this kind of experiment.
- DC motors are greatly used in the Industry. One application that may be used
in the industry is in electric power tools.
d. Individually suggest electrical and mechanical standards or codes and localor
international applicable in this experiment. Cite source/s.
- A code that may be applied for this experiment is NFPA 79 it provides
safeguards for industrial machinery to protect operators, equipment, facilities,
and work-in-progress from fire and electrical hazards. Requirements apply to
electrical/electronic equipment, apparatus, or systems supplied as part of
industrial machines operating from a nominal voltage of 600 volts or less, and
commencing at the point of connection of the supply to the electrical
equipment of the machine.
Source: https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-
standards/list-of-codes-and-standards?mode=code&code=79