B Design of Pile Foundation

1 Design Data
a. Materials and Properties
Concrete = M30
Reinforcement = Fe 500

Basic Permissible Stresses of Concrete as per IRC:21-2000

Characteristics strength of concrete, fck = 30
Permissible direct compressive stress, σco σco = 7.5
Permissible flexural compressive stress, σc σc = 10
Maximum Permissible shear stress, Ʈmax τmax = 2.2

Basic Permissible Stresses of Reinforcing Bars as per IRC:21-2000

Characteristic strength of steel, fy fy 500
Permissible Flexural Tensile Stress, σst σst = 240
Permissible Direct Compressive Stress, σco σco = 220

b Design Data
Modular Ratio, m = 10.00
Neutral Axis Depth factor, k=(mσc)/(mσc+σst) = 0.29
Lever Arm Factor, j= (1-k/3) = 0.902
Moment of resistance coefficient, R= 0.5*k*j*σc = 1.326
Load Calculation
i Load due to static earth pressure
Load due to active earth pressure is found by Coulomb's theory.
PA=0.5xγsoilxH2xKA
where,
γsoil = 18
H = 5.75

KA =
( 〖𝑐𝑜𝑠〗 ^2 " " (ф−α))/( 〖𝑐𝑜𝑠〗
^2 " " α∗cos⁡(δ+α))x1/ 〖 [1+
where, {(sin⁡(ф+δ)∗sin⁡(ф−𝑖))/(cos⁡(α−𝑖)∗c
angle of internal friction (ф) = 31
i os⁡(𝛼+𝛿) )}^(1/2)] 〗 ^2 = 0
δ=(2/3)xф = 20.67
α = 0
KA = 0.286
PA = 85.09
Horizontal component of load per unit length, PEPH(S)= PAcosδ = 79.62
Vertical component of load per unit length, PEPV(S)= PAsinδ = 30.03

ii Load due to dynamic earth pressure

Load due to active earth pressure is found by Mononobe Okabe theory.
PA=0.5xγsoilxH2xKAdyn
where,
γsoil = 18
H = 5.75
 KAdyn= (1±α )x(
𝑣 〖𝑐𝑜𝑠〗 ^2 " " (ф−α−ψ))/( 〖𝑐𝑜𝑠 ψ∗𝑐𝑜𝑠 〗 ^2 "
"
where, α∗cos⁡(δ+α+ψ))x1/ 〖 [1+{(sin⁡(ф+δ)∗sin⁡(ф−𝑖−ψ))/(c
angle of internal friction (ф) = 31
i os⁡(α−𝑖)∗cos⁡(𝛼+𝛿+ψ) )}^(1/2)] 〗 ^2 = 0
δ=(2/3)xф = 20.67
α = 0
αh=(Z/2)x(I/R)x(Sa/g) = 0.18
αv=(2/3)αh = 0.12
ψ=〗 ^(−1) (α_ℎ/(1±α_𝑣 ))
〖𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 11.56

KAdyn = 0.50
PA = 147.78
Horizontal component of load per unit length, PEPH(D)= PAcosδ = 138.27
Vertical component of load per unit length, PEPV(D)= PAsinδ = 52.16

iii Surcharge Load

= 5.00
Horizontal component of load per unit length, PsurH=Psurcos(δ) = 4.68
Vertical component of load per unit length, PsurV=Psursin(δ) = 1.76

c) Calculation of Moment per

Description

Non Seismic
Description Seismic Case
Case

Horinzontal Force
(H) 84.30 142.95
Moment per Length of Fixity(L )
f
pile 1.50 1.50
M= H*(L1+Lf)/2 Free length of pile
(L1) 5.750 5.750
Moment 611.14 1,036.38
Moment factor (as per 0.90 0.90
Actual Moment 550.03 932.74

4 Design of Pile
Design modulus,m = 10.00
Dia of the Pile ,D 800.00
x

C.G eff
Clear cover d' 30.00
Diameter of bars
y = 20
Eff Dia of
the Pile ,d a Oa 720.00
Gross area of concrete, Ag = 502654.82
Net area of concrete,Ac = 495743.32
Effective Area,
Aeff=(m-1)xAs+Acg= = 599415.88
 Moment of Inertia 2.67E+10
Section Modulus ,Z 6.68E+07
Assume percentage of area of steel (minimum 0.8% and Maximum 6%) = 1.25
OK
Area of steel required ,As 6283.18530718
Number of bar required 20.00
Number of bars provided = 22
Area of steel Provided = 6.91E+03
Ok.
Spacing of Rebar 114.24
Spacing should be >40mm Ok.
Provide 22 number of 20mm dia bars as main reinforcement.

a Interaction condition check:

Non Seismic
Stress Seismic Case
Case

Design vertical load(kN) 135.30 157.42

Design Moment(KN.m) 550.03 932.74
Assume Neutral Axis ,x 235.25 231.48
Angle 1.15 1.14
Distance of C.G of segment from
center of circle,x̄ =AxR 261.72 263.88
Section area of segment ,
(Acg)=BxD2 1.23E+05 1.21E+05
second moment of area of segment
about centroid IYY=CxR4=Cx(D/2)3 8.92E+09 8.85E+09

second moment of area of segment

about its own centroid,IC=IYY -Acgx̄^2 4.74E+08 4.49E+08

Effective Area,
Aeff=(m-1)xAs+Acg= 1.86E+05 1.83E+05

Distance of CG eff from physical

centroid of whole section is,e'=(Acg* 173.98 174.09
x̄ )/Aeff
∴e-e'=M/P-e' 3,891.38 5,751.04

Ieff=(Moment of Inertia of shaded

area+ Moment of Inertia of area of
steel(circular disc))about CG effective= 7.34E+09 7.34E+09
(IC+(m-1) xAsx(d/2)2/2))+(Acgx(x̄-
e')2+(m-1)xAs[e'^2)

Neutral Axis depth

y= Ieff/(Aeff*(e-e')) 10.16 6.98
Calculated Neutral Axis 236.18 232.89
Check for neutral axis 0.93 1.40
Direct stress, 0.23
σco,cal=P/(Ac+1.5xmxAs) 0.26
Bending compressive stress, σc,cal
8.23
=M/Z 13.96
Combined stress =(σco,cal/σco)+
(σc,cal/σc)<1 0.85 1.43
Allowable ratio 1.00 1.50
OK
Resultant compressive stress
8.46 14.22
( σco,cal + σc,cal )< 10
Allowable ratio 10.0 Mpa 15.0 Mpa
OK

b) Lateral ties
Minimum volume of lateral reinforcement per 0.2 % of pile area =
meter length of pile 1,005,309.65
Diameter of reinforcement = 12
Volume of 12 mm tie per m length = 273585.434
Number of ties/m of pile = 3.675

Hence, spacing for lateral reinforcement = 272.14

Spacing adopted 150.00
Ok.
Hence provide 12 mm bar at spacing of 150 mm c/c as lateral ties
Summary of Rebar Cover Dia of pile
AP1 20 mm 22 nos. AP2 12 mm 150 C/C 30 mm 800.0 mm

800.0 mm

AP2 12 mm 150 C/C AP2 12 mm 150 C/C

Ø 12 @ 100C/C

30 mm

AP1 20 mm 22 nos.
AP1 20 mm 22 nos.
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa

MPa
MPa
MPa

kN/m3
m

°
°
°
°
0.29
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m

kN/m3
m
°
°
°
°

0.50
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m

kN/m
kN/m
kN/m

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm2
mm2
mm2
mm4 3.98E+04
mm3
%

mm2
no.s
no.s
mm2 1.38%

mm

Press
Me

Check for neutral axis 0.93

Direct stress,
0.23
σco,cal=P/(Ac +1.5xmxA s )
Bending compressive stress,
8.23
σc,cal =M/Z
Combined stress
0.85
=(σco,cal/σco)+(σc,cal/σc )<1
Allowable ratio 1.00
OK
Resultant compressive stress
8.46
( σco,cal + σc,cal )< 10
Allowable ratio 10.0 Mpa 15.0 Mpa
OK
 Combined stress
0.85
=(σco,cal/σco)+(σc,cal/σc )<1
Allowable ratio 1.00
OK
Resultant compressive stress
8.46
( σco,cal + σc,cal )< 10
Allowable ratio 10.0 Mpa 15.0 Mpa
OK

mm3
mm
mm3

mm c/c
mm c/c
 1.40

0.26

13.96
1.43

1.50
OK
14.22
15.0 Mpa
OK
 1.43

1.50
OK
14.22
15.0 Mpa
OK