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Lecture 4
Bacteriophage
phage
bacterial cell
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Characteristics:
1. Tiny: 2 -200 kb per strand;
2. Consist principally of proteins plus nucleic
acid (DNA or RNA);
3. Metabolically inert that can only reproduce
inside the cell.
Composition
Head/Capsid
Nucleic acid: DNA/RNA
Protein
– Protection
– Infection Contractile Tail
Sheath
Structure (T4)
– Size Tail Fibers
– Head or capsid Base Plate
– Tail
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• Adsorption
–Tail fibers
– Receptor is LPS for T4
• Irreversible attachment
– Base plate
• Sheath Contraction
• Nucleic acid injection
• DNA uptake
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Virulent phage
Eclipse period
Aadsorbtion Penetration
Genetic
Specific material
receptor
Nucleic acid
Capsid protein
Lysis
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Plaque assay
– Method Bacteria
– Plaque forming unit +
Phage
(pfu)
– Measures infectious
particles
Temperate phage
Prophage
Pass down
Nucleic acid of
phage Lysogenic bacterium
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Prophage
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Significance
Models for animal cell viruses
Gene transfer in bacteria
Medical applications
Identification of bacteria - phage typing
Treatment and prophylaxsis
I strongly believe phage could become an
effective antibacterial tool.
-Carl Merril, Chief of the Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics,
National Institute of Mental Health, NIH.
It might be another string on the bow, such
that when (conventional antibiotics) fail, here’s
something that has a chance of working. But
it’s not going to be a panacea.
- Joshua Lederberg, Sackler Foundation Scholar at The
Rockefeller University
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Summarize
Bacterium
Prophage
Microbial Genetics
- Transduction
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Transduction
– Transduction
• Generalized transduction
– Transducing phage carries random DNA segment from
donor to recipient
• Specialized transduction
– Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
Transduction
Bacteriophage
Host bacterial cell
(donor cell)
Bacterial 1 Phage injects its DNA.
chromosome
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Generalized Transduction
• Infection of Donor
• Phage replication and degradation of host DNA
• Assembly of phages particles
• Release of phage
• Infection of recipient
• Homologous recombination
Transduction: Generalized
Transduction
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Specialized Transduction
Lysogenic Phage
• Excision of the
gal bio
prophage
• Replication and
release of phage
• Infection of the gal gal
recipient bio bio
• Lysogenization of
the recipient
– Homologous l
ga
recombination gal bio bio
also possible
Transduction: Specialized
Transduction
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Summarize
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