DYNAMIC ELECTRIC

A. ELECTRIC
Electric current is defined as the flow of positive electrical charge. Electric current can
occur if there is an electric potential difference. Electric current itself flows from high
potential to low potential

CREATIVE THINKING
1.

If we pay attention to lights or other electronic equipment that uses electricity, all these
devices require cables as a connector for the flow of electric current.

Answer the following question!

1 Where does the flow of electricity come from?

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2. . How can living things produce electricity so that they can be used to turn on the
lights?

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CRITICAL THINKING
1. Describe in detail so the lights can turn on??

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2. Determine what happens when the battery is taken?

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3. What will you do so that the lights can light up brighter?

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 Fruit Battery Experiment Series

Compare your result experiment then present it in front of the class

What you have discussed

1. .Compare the results of observing the magnitude of the current with the number of
fruits used. What is the relationship between the size of the strong and the number of
fruits?
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2. Compare the results of observing the lights with the number of fruits used. What is
the relationship between the lights and the number of fruits?
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3. Why can fruit be able to used to turn on the lights
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4. Describe the function of giving zinc plates and iron nails to this fruit battery
experiment?

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COMUNICATIVE

Discuss with your friend Which of the following pictures is the type of closed
electrical circuit and the type of open electrical circuit?
mathematically large of electric current is written as follows

nformation:
I = electric current (ampere)
q = electric charge (coulomb)
t = time (seconds)

In closed electrical circuits, the carrier of an electric charge is an electron so that the
amount of charge is determined by the number of electrons, namel

Information:
I = Electric current (ampere)
N = amount of electric charge
e = electron charge (coulomb)
t = time (seconds)

Answer the following questions confidently!

1. .An electric current of 5 mA flows to nerve cells for 0.1 second. What is the amount
of charge and the number of electrons that move on the nerve cell?
2. If a 4A current flows in a wire whose ends have a potential of 12 volts, how much
charge per minute flows through the wire?
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2. Jika arus 4A mengalir dalam kawat yang ujung-ujungnya berselisih potensial 12 volt,
besar muatan per menit yang mengalir melalui kawat?

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B. HUKUM OHM
The definition of the law of uhm is that the current flowing from an intermediate is
proportional to the potential difference between the ends of the conductor, if the
delivery temperature does not change, the equation of the ohm law is

nformation:
R = resistance (ohms)
V = voltage (volts)
I = Current strength (ampere)

A. CRITICAL THINKING

1 From the graphic, analyze the results of the line equations to find out the relationship
between the potential difference (V) and the current (I), and the value of the resistance
used (R)?

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B. COMMUNICATIVE&COLLABORATIVE
Provide the material to be tested for its type, conductor or insulator. Then test using the
circuit as shown in the following picture. If the light is on after being tested, including
the conductor. Whereas if the lights go out including the insulator. To strengthen the
results of this activity, the recommended voltage is at least 6 volts.

Then enter it in the following table.

Lamp State Included

No. Material Name
On Off Conductor Isolator
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Tools prepared:
1. 1. Ammeters
2. 2. Voltmeter
3. 3. 5 pieces of battery
4. 4. Obstacles
5. 5. 2 pieces of connecting cable

Steps of activity.
1. With the help of your teacher, group together the tools according to the
picture above
2. Measure the voltage on the battery. Measure the current flowing in the circuit

Strong Current
No. Number of batteries Current of Batteries
Flowing
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
5. 5

1. Make Graphic the relationship between voltage (V) and current strength
(I)
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2. By analyzing the graph of the relationship V and I determine the

amount of resistance you are using!
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D. CREATIVE THINKING

15
530 12
E
Four resistors are priced in succession, and are arranged as shown, E is a source
of voltage 28V with internal resistance.

1. How to determine the biggest potential difference resistor?

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E. CONFIDENT

Answer the question below!

1. To get a total obstacle of 50 ohms, what do we do?

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2.
IX IY I Z
V V V
The three graphs above each state a strong relationship between current I and
potential difference V in three types of loads X, Y and Z. Which conclusions can
be drawn?
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C. ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
1. CRITICAL THINGKING
n electrical circuits that do not have cable branching, the circuit is called series.
The absence of branching in series electrical circuits results in electricity being
disconnected if one end of the cable is cut off, so that the current does not flow
in the circuit and all the lights will turn off. Electric circuits that have branching
cables, the circuit is called a parallel circuit. If one end of the cable is
disconnected, then the electric current will continue to flow on the other cable
that is still connected and several other lights will remain on.

From a series of 3 simple LEDs shown in the image above, a resistor that
functions as a barrier is paired in series between the 3 LEDs which are also
connected in series. As mentioned in the important points above, the total
voltage in the LED series is the amount of circuit will greatly depend on the
number of LEDs used voltage in each LED. Thus, the voltage needed by the
LED series

Answer the question below!

1. We want to assemble a circuit with 3 red LEDs in series, the forward voltage
(VF) on the red LED is 1.7V while the forward current (IF) is the red LED is
30mA. The INPUT voltage we will give is 12V. What is the value of the Resistor
needed?
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As seen in the parallel LED circuit above, there is 1 limiting resistor connected
in series with 3 LEDs that are paired in parallel. It should be noted that LEDs
arranged in parallel do not require voltage which is many times, if 1 LED
requires 2.2V then 10 LEDs connected in parallel only need 2.2V only. This will
be different from the current needed, the current consumed will be many times
depending on the number of LEDs used.

Answer the question below!

1. We want to assemble a circuit with 3 green LEDs in parallel, the forward

voltage (VF) on the green LED is 2.2V while the forward current (IF) the red
LED is 25mA. The INPUT voltage we will give is 12V. What is the value of the
resistor needed?
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2. COMMUNICATIVE&COLLABORATIVE
Do the Experiment and the results are discussed with group friends
then present.
Material:
1. 1 12 watt bulb lamp,
2. 6 cables with alligator clamps, and
3. 3 batteries and sit them down.
1. Make an electric circuit with the arrangement of one battery so that the light
turns on! Draw the circuit you got!
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2. Make an electric circuit with the arrangement of two batteries so that the
battery turns on! Do the battery arrangement in various ways and pay attention
to the lights. Draw the series you got!
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3. Make an electric circuit with a three-battery arrangement so that it turns on.
Do the battery arrangement in various ways and pay attention to the lights.
Draw the series you got!
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3. CREATIVE THINKING

Note the resistor resistance and the electric current that flows in the circuit for
variations in resistors with resistance 20 KΩ, 30 KΩ, 40 KΩ, 50 KΩ

1. Then solve this problem

Voltage ( V ) Resistance ( KΩ ) Current Strength( µ A )

1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
􀁈􀁊􀁄􀁑􀁊􀁄􀁑􀀃􀀋􀀹􀀌􀀫􀁄􀁐􀁅􀁄􀁗􀁄􀁑􀀃􀀋􀁎􀂟􀀌􀀮􀁘􀁄􀁗􀀃􀁄􀁕􀁘􀁖􀀃􀁏􀁌􀁖􀁗􀁕􀁌􀁎􀀃􀀋􀂗􀀤􀀌
2. Make a graph of the relationship between currents with large electrical
resistance. Large electrical resistance on the x axis and large electric current on
the y axis.
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4.
 a
3 S S
24V 1 2volt
V
3 6 meter
.
b
1. For the circuit as shown, if it is closed, the voltmeter will show how big the
volt price is?

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2. A piece of wire with resistance R. If flowing at I produces a heat per second

equal to H. for an electric current of 2I, the heat produced every second in a
wire is H?
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R a R
3. I In the circuit as in the picture, each obstacle R is 6
ohms. The battery voltage is 9 volts, while the resistance in the battery is
ignored. Current I?
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A
Objek yang diamati

12 V

4.

Lutfi conducted an experiment observing the resistivity of the material to be

made into a resistor with the principle of the experiment as shown above. After
the experiment, the data obtained as follows (with a value of π = 22/7):

Conductor length = 5 mm;

Diameter = 2.8 mm;
Input voltage = 12 volts
Readable current = 2.4 x 10-5 Ampere
The result of the resistivity value of the material that has been observed is
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D. KIRCHOFF LAW

1. CREATIVE THINKING

When studying electric currents, Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (March 12, 1824-17
October 1887) discovered Kirchoff's Law Symptoms there are two, namely
Kirchoff voltage and Kirchoff current, Kirchoff voltage found in the series
connection configuration series and Kirchoff current found in parallel
relationship circuit configuration. The two laws are defined as follows:
a. Law of Kirchoff Voltage (Kirchoff I): Amount of voltage at a closed wire is
one with a screw.
b. Law of Kirchoff Flow (Kirchoff II): The number of algebraic currents at a
branch point of a circuit is zero

From the understanding above make it

1. Make a model image (Kirchoff I)
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2. Make a model image (Kirchoff II)
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2. CRITICAL THINGKING

Kirchhoff I law (in branched circuits)

In an electrical circuit that experiences branching, the strong current leading to

branching is the same as the one that leaves the branching. Look at the
following picture!

From the picture above determines

1. Electric current in parallel arrangement of obstacles (lights)?
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2. Each resistance will get a voltage parallel arrangement (lamp)?
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3. COMMUNICATIVE&COLLABORATIVE
Do an experiment and the results are discussed with group member
then present.
List of Tools and Components Used
1. 0 - 40 Volt / DC power supply: 1 piece
2. Multimeters: 3 pieces
3. Resistor 100 Ω: 3 pieces
4. Resistor 470 Ω: 1 piece
5. Resistor 1 K Ω: 2 pieces
6. 330 istor resistor: 2 pieces
7. Bread board: 1 piece
8. Connecting wire: several threads

Step of Experiment:
1. Make a series like in figure 5.3 below
2. Set Vs = 6 V, R1 = 100Ω, R2 = 100Ω, R3 = 100Ω, R4 = 330Ω Measure current I,
I1 and I2Crate in table 5.1
3. Arrange the Vs, and replace R1, R2 and R3 according to table 5.1
4. Calculate currents I, I1 and I2 using Kirchoff's law
5. Compare data from theoretical calculations and measurement results

Table 5.1. Comparison of the results of the theory and practice of

Kirchoff's law

TegCatu R1 R2 R3 I (A) I1 (A) I2 (A)

(V) Ω Ω Ω theory praktice theory praktic ttheory praktice
e
100 100 100
100 470 330
10 470 330 100
330 100 470
 1K 470 330
100 1K 330
100 100 100
100 470 330
15 470 330 100
330 100 470
1K 470 330
100 1K 330
100 100 100
100 470 330
20 470 330 100
330 100 470
1K 470 330
100 1K 330

4. CONFIDENCE
Answer the questions below
1. A galvanometer with a 50 ohm resistance will experience a maximum
deviation if the current is 0.01A. So that it can be used to measure voltages up to
100 volts, should a barrier be installed?
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2.

Into the water 100 liters of water with a temperature

of 60C is flowed by electric current through a
stretched wire (see picture). Cool the water coming

K out of the K temperature valve of 300C. The current

strength used was 2A and the heating lasted for 50
air minutes (the vessel was considered not to absorb
heat), and 1joule = 0.24 calories. For this purpose we
must install wire that is blocked?

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3.
How big the current passes through R3 resistor?
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4.

Two lights are installed in series then connected with a 12 volt battery. The first
lamp which has a 500 ohm resistance turns out to have a voltage of 5 volts.
Determine:
1. The second lamp voltage!
2. The current is strong at the first and second lights!
3. The second lamp barrier value!
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5.

If the current strength is I1 = 2 A, I2 = 1.5 A, I4 = 0.5 A and I5 = 3.2 A, then how

big the current of I3 is?

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E ENERGY AND ELECTRICAL POWER

ELECTRICAL POWER

Equipment that we use such as irons, electric heaters, hair dryers, toasters and
light bulbs if electrified will convert electrical energy into other forms of energy,
such as heat energy, or light in the lamp. Because each electric device has a
barrier, and the current that passes through it is an electron that moves and
then collides with the atom on the wire barrier, so the wire resistance on the
device becomes hot.

CRITICAL THINKING
Compare the energy’S changes below that match the image
!

No Equipment Energy’S change

.
1

3
 4

CREATIVE THINKING

The transfer of electrical energy is carried out by moving charges due to the
voltage difference. To be able to drain an electric charge from one place to
another in a conductor, the electricity source must expend energy. For example,
in the change of electrical energy into heat energy type connect an electric kettle
containing cold water to an electric socket which then the water that was cold
will become hot. The water in the kettle is hot because it receives heat energy.
From the event
1. How do you measure electrical energy into heat energy?
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2. What factors affect the amount of energy?
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COMUNICATIVE

Now you are creating a study group consisting of 3-4 people. Look for it
1. how to produce electrical energy.
2. What energy can be converted into electrical energy?
Discuss the results in front of the class with your friends with the guidance of
your teacher.

Let's make an experiment!

I. Purpose
Investigate the factors that affect the size of electricity.
II. Tools and materials
1. Heater dipped 12V
2. 12 V and 6 V batteries
3. Ammeters
4. Stopwatch
5. Glass containing water.
III. Work steps
1. Connect the dipping heater 12 V to the 12 V battery through the ampermeter
series, to be clearer pay attention to the picture on the side!
2. Dip the heater in a container containing 1 kg of water. Previously, measure
first water temperature with a thermometer!
3. Use a stopwatch to measure how long it will take
dipping heater to heat 1 kg of water so that the temperature rises 5 ° C!
4. Repeat steps 1 through 3, but now use a 6 V and
dipping heater 6 V!
IV. Observation Table

Battery Voltage (V) Strong Current (I) Duration of time the water temperature
rises 5 ° C (t)

12V ... ……
6 V …… ……
V. Conclusion
Write conclusions from observational data obtained regarding influence
voltage, current, and time to the electrical energy produced!

Answer the questions below optimistically

1. Electric iron is installed at 110 Volt and used for 10 minutes. If the strong
current flowing 0.3 A, then calculate the electrical energy that is converted into
heat energy!
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2. The electrical resistance of a water heater is 5Ω. If this device is connected to a
12V voltage source for 10 minutes, determine the amount of electrical energy
needed by the water heater?
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ELECTRICAL POWER

CREATIVE THINKING

Have you ever noticed the writing on a lamp bulb, like 110 V, 60 W.

1. Try to describe the purpose of the writing?

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CRITICAL THINKING
Some lights are written from left to right: 220V 60 W, 220V 40 W, 220V 20 W,
220V 8 W. If the lights are turned on at the same voltage
1. Concept where the brightest lights light up?
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2. Concept where do the dimest lights light up?

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Do the Experiment and the results are discussed with group friends then
present.
Tools:
1. 2 pieces of resistor
2. Power supply 1 piece
3. 1 piece circuit board
4. Connecting cable
5. Multimeter
6. Connect chocolate

  Ways of working
1. Tools are arranged in series
2. The circuit is connected to the power supply
3. The voltage on the power supply is set to vary from 0.5V - 0.8V
4. The circuit is connected with a multimeter
5. The size of the obstacles is seen on the multimeter
6. Power is calculated using a formula
7. The above step is repeated by replacing the series with series
8. The above step is repeated by replacing the series with parallel sequences

Discuss with your peers about avoiding electric power

If we buy an electronic device, such as a television, there are lots of small print
printed on the sticker behind it. One of these posts is more or less like this:
POWER: 100 - 240V - 50 / 60Hz, 135 W.
While on the electricity meter, there are several numbers that always end with
the writing KWH which stands for Kilo Watt Hour.
1. What is the relationship between Watts on an electronic device and Kilo Watt
Hour on an electric meter?
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 Answer the questions below confidently

1.

It is known that R_1 and R_2 are 4 ohms and 6 ohms respectively if the voltage
used is 240 volts, then the electric power is in the circuit?
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2. Electric devices that have the biggest obstacles are ...

Matrial Name Working voltage Power (watt)

(volts)

A Hitter 120 400

B Motor cycle 120 200

C Lamp 120 150

D TV 220 110

E WaterPomp 220 125

Electric tools that have the biggest obstacles is?

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3.

A 10102 5 B
5
If,
V ab=15 volt then the amount of power on the obstacle 2Ω is?
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4. A family rents 500 watts of PLN electricity with a voltage of 110volt. If for
lighting the family using 100W; 220V lights, then the maximum number of
lights that can be installed? H

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REKENING LISTRIK

CREATIVE THINKING

One application that is often discussed is calculating the electrical energy used
by household appliances. Then it was linked to the electricity bill paid in a
simple example.
1. A household uses 4 lights of 50 W each and is turned on 10 hours per day.
100 W televisions are turned on an average of 12 hours per day. Then a 125W
water pump engine is turned on an average of 2 hours per day. If the price of 1
kWh of electricity is Rp. 500, - then the electricity account that the family must
pay for a month (30 days) is
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3. A house uses daily electric appliances as follows:

How much electricity is used for 1 month (30 days)?

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CRITICAL THINKING

(GB 1: 29-inch TUBE TV) (GB 2: 42-inch LED TV)

1. Compare which 2 images have the most power?
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2. Compare which 2 images have the most electricity bills?
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Perform several activities in one group to make a calculation of the electricity

usage costs in each of your homes. Use an electricity usage account for 1 month.
Compare the results of your calculations with the payments made by your
parents. Express your opinions in the form of narration. Then, try to think of
ways to match the calculation of electricity usage costs using the credit system
(prepaid).

COMUNICATIVE

Based on the results of a group discussion about electrical energy according to

electricity account calculations
Based on the calculation of electricity costs every month above, try to calculate
how much energy and electricity costs you have to pay each month? By using
electricity in your home as a reference (if any), try calculating the amount of
energy and electricity costs of all 264 Indonesian citizens. million inhabitants.
Assume 264 million settlements are divided into 66 million households and
assume also that 55% of Indonesia's population has used electrical energy in
their homes. After calculating the amount of electricity used by all Indonesians,
now try to calculate how much carbon emissions are generated if 60 % of
electricity use comes from fossil energy. Please note that every 1000 megawatts
of electricity produced from coal will produce 5.6 million tons of carbon
emissions each year.

Then present it in front of the class!

Answer the questions below confidently

1. A household uses 4 lights of 50 W each and is turned on 10 hours per day.
100 W televisions are turned on an average of 12 hours per day. Then a 125W
water pump engine is turned on an average of 2 hours per day. If the price of 1
kWh of electricity is Rp. 500, - then the electricity account that the family must
pay for a month (30 days) is
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2. A student turns on a TV set on average 6 hours a day. The aircraft is
connected to a 220 Volt voltage so that the electric current through the plane is
0.5 Ampere. If PLN sets a tariff of IDR 600.00 / kWh, then the cost of using
electricity for that TV for 1 month (30 days) is?
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3. A house uses daily electrical appliances as follows

How big the electricity power is used for 1 month (30 days)?
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4.

A family uses 20 20W lights which are turned on an average of 10 hours per day
and 4 TVs @ 60W are turned on an average of 5 hours per day, the refrigerator
210W lights up 24 hours, the water pump 250w lights 4 hours / day , 4 AC @
660 W lights 5 hours / day, 300 W magic jar lights up 10 hours / day,
microwave 700 w lights up 1 hour / day, electric stove 600 w. flame 4 hours /
day. If the rate of 1 kWh see what table is included in the category? What is the
rent that must be paid to PLN every month?
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Electric Energy Sources

CREATIVE THINKING

Look for articles about where do you use electricity from your everyday life? Is
it only from coal and coal? Given the limitations of mine energy,

CRITICAL THINKING
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

From the four pictures above, then answer the questions below
1. Try to analyze which is the biggest energy source in producing electrical
energy?
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2. analysis of the 4 energy sources above which have the least negative impact
on the environment?
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COMUNICATIVE

Make a group consist of 6 person. Do you know that nuclear energy, hydrogen
gas, geothermal energy, seawater waves, and piezoelectricity are also
alternative sources of electrical energy? Try to find as much information as
possible about the understanding and workings of each of these energy sources!
Write in the form of a paper, consult your book, and then present it in front of
the class.
 COLLABORATIVE

Discuss with peers and find information about plants that can generate
electricity? Then

1. find out how the process of electricity comes from plants

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2. How much power does electrical energy produce from plants?
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Answer the question below

1. describe the main parts of a nuclear reactor?

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2. Try to analyze the bioenergy manufacturing process?
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3. make a hypothesis about windmills in producing electrical energy can

disrupt bird habitat?
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