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Formula Mass – The sum of the average atomic masses of all elements in
the compound. Units are amu.
Molecular Weight – Old fashioned term that just won’t die. Means the same
as Molar Mass. Units are g/mol.
C6H12O6 180.18g/mol
HC2H3O2 60.06g/mol
1
Molar Mass can be used as a conversion factor to determine the number of
moles of a substance from a given mass, or the mass of a substance from a
given number of moles.
1 mole
1 mol N2
5.50 g (NH4)2 Cr2O7 1 mol (NH4)2 Cr2O7 = 0.218 mol (NH4)2 Cr2O7
2
Counting Particles in Compounds
Consider a 0.750 mole sample of CH4
Calculate the mass, moles, and molecules of the compound , and the mass,
moles, and atoms of each element in a given amount of a compound.
= 12.3 g CH4
2. Moles of Compound Moles of Elements in the compound:
Use the subscripts in the formula!
Carbon:
= 0.750 mole C
Hydrogen:
= 3.00 mole H
Grams Carbon:
= 9.01 gC
Grams Hydrogen:
= 3.03 g Hydrogen
Notice that the mass of the individual elements must add up to the mass of
the compound. (It’s close, but off .01 gram because of sig fig rounding…)
3
4. Moles of each element in compound Atoms of each element in compound:
Atoms Carbon:
Atoms Hydrogen:
4
460 g 10.0 mol N 140 g N 6.02 x10 23 3.01 x10 24
5.00 20.0 mol O 320 g O 1.20 x10 25
moles
N2O4
MM
=92.02
g/mol
73.2g 0.625 mol B 6.76g B 3.76 x10 23 3.76 x10 23
0.625 1.88 mol Cl 66.5 gCl 1.13 x10 24
moles
BCl3
MM
=117.1
g/mol
513.51g 18.0 mol C 216.2 gC 1.08 x1025 9.03x1023
1.50 33.0 mol H 33.3 g H 1.99x10 25 molecules
moles 16.5 mol O 264.gC 9.94x10 24
C12H22
O11
MM
=342.34
g/mol
In 1 mole Fe2O3 (formula units) there are 2 mole Fe (atoms) and 3 mole O (atoms)
2 mole Fe
3 mole O
1 mole Fe 1 mole O
4. Add the mass of each element to determine the Molar Mass of the
compound:
5
111.7 g Fe + 48.00 g O = 159.7 g Fe2O3
5. Divide the mass of each element in the compound by the Molar Mass of
the compound, and multiply by 100.
Simplest Formula or Empirical Formula: Lowest whole number ratio of atoms or ions
in a compound.
For an ionic compound, the simplest formula is the only formula used.
For a molecular compound, we must also calculate the molecular formula, which may or
may not be the simplest formula.
Example: Calculate the Simplest formula of a compound which has the following %
composition: 35.35 % Cr, 38.07% O, 26.58% K
2. Use the % composition to calculate the # of grams of each element in the 100
grams of compound: In 100 g of the above compound, there are:
6
3. Convert the masses of each element to moles using Molar Mass:
.6798 moles Cr
2.379 moles O
.6798 moles K
4. Divide each # of moles by the smallest number, to obtain a mole ratio. This
mole ratio is the ratio of atoms in the compound, if it is a whole number ratio, it is
the simplest formula.
K Cr O3.5
5. If you do not obtain a whole number ratio after step 4, multiply the ratio by
small whole numbers, starting with 2,3,4,etc. until you obtain a whole number
ratio.
(K Cr O3.5) x2 = K 2Cr2 O7
Molecular Formulas
7
Practice Problem 2. on page 249:
Formula of a Hydrate
Hydrate:
Anhydrous Compound:
Waters of Hydration:
Example Problem
Determine:
8
A. The mass % of water in the hydrate.