L8-Tubular Structures PDF

ADVANCED DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE
STRUCTURES
Luís Simões da Silva

Module B: 20-21/2/2014
European Erasmus Mundus Master Course
Sustainable Constructions
under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic Events
520121-1-2011-1-CZ-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
European Erasmus Mundus
COURSE CONTENTS
Master Course
under Natural Hazards
and Catastrophic Events
MODULE B – Design of Tubular Structures
1 – Overview
§  Structural solutions. Materials and products
2 – Design of tubular members
3 – Design of joints
§  I-beam to tubular column joints
•  fin-plate
•  end-plate
•  reverse channel
MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

Master Course
REFERENCES
Simões da Silva, L, Rimões, R and Gervásio, H -

“Design of Steel Structures”, Ernst & Sohn and ECCS
Press, Brussels, 2010.
Simões da Silva, L., Santiago, A., Lopes, F., Veljkovic, M.,

Heistermann, T., Iqbal, N., Wald, F., Janá, T., Davison, B.,
Burgess, I., Huang, S-S., Dong, G., Wang, Y., Mandal, P., Hu, Y.,
Jafarian, M., Koutlas, G. (2013). COMPFIRE: Design of
composite joints for improved fire robustness. Final Report No. 4,
Research Fund for Coal and Steel, Grant agreement n.º RFSR-
CT-2009-00021, European Commission, Brussels.

Master Course
REFERENCES
Jaspart, J-P., Pietrapertosa, C., Weynand, K., Busse, E., and

Klinkhammer, R. (2005). Development of a full consistent design
approach for bolted and welded joints in building frames and
trusses between steel members made of hollow and/or open
sections. Application of the component method. Draft final report –
Volume 1: Practical design guide, Research Project 5BP, CIDECT.
Wardenier, J., Packer, J. A., Zhao, X.L. and van der Vegte, G.J.,
(2010). Hollow Sections in Structural Applications, CIDECT,
Geneva, Switzerland.

Master Course
REFERENCES
•  Lima, L., Andrade, S., Vellasco, P., and Simões da Silva, L.,
“Experimental and Numerical Assessment of Minor Axis Beam-to-
Column Semi-Rigid Joints", International Journal of Mechanical
Science, 44(6), 1047-1065 (2002).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7403(02)00013-9
•  Simões da Silva, L., Costa Neves, L. and Teixeira Gomes, F.,
“Rotational stiffness of RHS joints", Journal of Structural
Engineering 129(4), 487-494 (2003).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:4(487)
•  Lopes, F.C., Santiago, A., Simões da Silva, L., Heistermann, T.,
Veljkovic, M. and da Silva, J.G, “Experimental behaviour of the
reverse channel joint component at elevated temperatures”,
International Journal of Steel Structures, 13(3), pp. 1-14 (2013).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13296-

Master Course
REFERENCES
•  Heisterman, T., Iqbal, N., Veljkovic, M., Lopes, F., Santiago, A.,
Simões da Silva, L., “Finite Element Modelling of the Reverse
Channel Joint Component at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures”,
Journal of Constructional Steel Research, (submitted 2013).
•  Lopes, F., Santiago, A., Simões da Silva, L., Iqbal, N., Veljkovic, M.
and da Silva, J.G.S., “Sub-frames with reverse channel
connections to CFT composite columns - experimental evaluation”,
Journal of Constructional Steel Research (submitted 2014).
•  Neves, L., Simões da Silva, L. and Vellasco, P., “A model for
predicting the stiffness of beam to concrete filled column and minor
axis joints under static monotonic loading”, in Hoffmeister, B. and
Hechler, O. (eds.), Eurosteel 2005 – 4th European Conference on
Steel and Composite Structures – Research – Eurocodes –
Practice, Druck und Verlagshaus Mainz GmbH, Aachen, vol. C, pp.
4.10.131-138 (2005).

Master Course
SOFTWARE
FERPINTA Member Calculator - “Design of tubular

columns, beams and beam-columns to EC3-1-1”,
Simões da Silva et al, cmm, 2014. http://www.cmm.pt
SemiComp Member Design – Design resistance of

prismatic beam-columns”, Greiner et al, RFCS, 2011.
http://www.steelconstruct.com
ECCS Steel Member Calculator – Design of

columns, beams and beam-columns to EC3-1-1”,
Simões da Silva et al, ECCS, 2011. http://
www.steelconstruct.com
www.cmm.pt www.steelconstruct.com

Master Course
SOFTWARE
FERPINTA Connections Calculator - “Design of I-

beam to tubular column steel joints to EC3-1-8”,
Simões da Silva et al, cmm, October 2014. http://
www.cmm.pt
ECCS Steel Connections Calculator – Design of
steel joints to EC3-1-8”, Simões da Silva et al, cmm,
October 2014. http://www.steelconstruct.com

Master Course
REFERENCES
STANDARDS
CEN. EN 1993-1-8:2005 – Eurocode 3: Design of Steel

Structures, Part 1.8: Design of Joints, European Committee for
Standardization, Brussels, 2005.

STRUCTURES

Module B: 20/2/2014
OVERVIEW
Structural solutions. Materials and products
BUILDINGS
Master Course

BUILDINGS
Master Course

Master Course
HOLLOW STRUCTURAL SECTION
APPLICATIONS
http://www.tatasteeleurope.com/en/
products_and_services/products/
construction_products_and_systems/structural-
steel/hollow_sections/
http://www.atlastube.com/hss/hss-hollow-
structural-sections

Master Course
APPLICATIONS
http://www.sbp.de/en/build/sheet/905-
Airport_Stuttgart_Terminal_3.pdf
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/article-2114782/
Kings-Cross-station-overhaul-Vest-structure-
unveiled-London-railway-station-500m-
overhaul.html

Master Course
APPLICATIONS

Master Course
TRUSS STRUCTURES

Master Course
BRACING IN INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

Master Course
LONG SPAN ROOFS
Friends Arena (Hilong

report)
http://www.sbp.de/en/
build/sheet/1066-
Tower at the Fair of
Rostock.pdf
Master Course
STAYED COLUMNS
HILONG – High Strength Long Span

Structures
Funding: 1.6 M€ Jul 2012 – Jul 2015

Master Course
FOOTBRIDGES
http://www.arup.com/~/media/Images/Projects/H/Helix_bridge/
MODULE B – Design of tubular structures helix_900x500_1_darren_soh.ashx?mh=800&mw=1000
Master Course
BRIDGES
http://www.lera.com/pimg/
mihomuseumbridge/3295149_large.jpg

Master Course
STADIA
http://www.sbp.de/en/build/sheet/1524-
Moses_Mabhida_Stadium.pdf

Master Course
AMUSEMENT PARKS
http://
www.geograph.
org.uk/photo/
1826891
http://
lewebpedagogiq
ue.com/
goossensphilipp
e1/london-eye/
london_eye/
http://anozer.deviantart.com/art/
LONDON-EYE-tubes-213329953
Master Course
WIND TOWERS
http://www.martifer.pt/pt/grupo/institucional/
areas-de-negocio/martifer-renewables/

Modular tower
Master Course
JOINTS
http://tboake.com/SSEF1/bolt.shtml
http://architectureau.com/articles/
architecturally-exposed-structural-steel/
#img=3

Master Course
JOINTS
http://cms.esi.info/Media/documents/
Linda_Cavityfixing_ML.pdf

Master Course
JOINTS
http://www.steelconstruction.info/Expressed_connections

Master Course
JOINTS
http://architectureau.com/articles/
architecturally-exposed-structural-steel/
#img=3
http://www.designboom.com/architecture/
jakob-macfarlane-la-ville-intelligente/

Master Course
JOINTS
http://www.microstran.com.au/
lmc_gallery_base.htm

Master Course
CASE STUDY 1: GAS EXAUST CHIMNEY
(CELBI)

Master Course
(CELBI)

Master Course
(CELBI)

Master Course
(CELBI)

Master Course
(CELBI)

Master Course
(CELBI)

Master Course
(CELBI)

Master Course
(CELBI)

Master Course
(CELBI)

Master Course
CASE STUDY 2: PAPER PULP
WAREHOUSE (CELBI)
Expansion of a paper pulp warehouse in the industrial facilities of CELBI - Celulose

Beira Industrial, Leirosa, Figueira da Foz, Portugal.
REQUIREMENTS:
- pavilhão para armazenamento da pasta de papel
que fosse amplo para permitir o acesso e a fácil
manobragem dos camiões para transporte da pasta.
- execução faseada da obra de forma a mão diminuir
a capacidade de armazenamento da pasta de papel
no armazém adjacente.
A primeira fase que correspondia a ampliar

a área de armazenamento em cerca de
1680m2 não implicava qualquer demolição
do pavilhão existente, apenas sendo
necessário eliminar os paramentos
exteriores de forma a garantir a circulação
para a nova zona de armazenamento. A
segunda fase envolve uma área de 3360
m2 e a terceira fase uma área de 2688 m2.
Master Course
WAREHOUSE (CELBI)
Phased construction: total expansion divided in

modules.
PHASE 1: 1 module. PHASE 2 and PHASE 3:
2 modules each.
1st module was offset by 1m in order to
safeguard the existing warehouse.
Structural layout of 28 x 60 m, with 1 span in
the smaller side and 2 spans of 30 m each in
the other direction.

Master Course
WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

Master Course
WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

Master Course
WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

Master Course
WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

Master Course
WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

Master Course
WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

Master Course
WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

Master Course
WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

Master Course
WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

Master Course
WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

Master Course
WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

Master Course
WAREHOUSE (CELBI)

STRUCTURES

Module B: 20/2/2014
DESIGN OF TUBULAR MEMBERS
ECCS Steel Member Calculator / FERPINTA Calculator
Master Course
The software to be used with the ECCS Book

Master Course
q  HOW TO GET SOFTWARE
q  Download the following free software (Windows) according to

the instructions from the course organizers
q  Download installation instructions for Semi-Comp

Member Design Software (excel based) from
www.steelconstruct.com
q  Download zipped file for Semi-Comp Member Design

Master Course
q  HOW TO GET SOFTWARE
q  From your iPhone or iPad launch the App Store application
and search for ECCS.
q  Download and install the free application ECCS EC3 Steel
Member Calculator (ECCS EC3).
q  From your iPhone or iPad launch the App Store application
and search for FERPINTA.
q  Download and install the free application FERPINTA

Calculator.
q  CONGRATULATIONS! YOU ARE SET TO GO!

Master Course
Beam-column (IPE 360, S355)
Use:
-  ECCS EC3 Steel Member Calculator (iPhone/iPad)
-  Semi-Comp Member Design Software (Windows OS)
Master Course

Master Course

Master Course

Master Course

Master Course

Master Course

Master Course
Calculation using:
-  Semi-Comp Member Design (Windows OS)

Master Course

Master Course

Master Course
Calculation using:
-  Semi-Comp Member Design (Windows OS)

Master Course

Master Course

Master Course

Master Course

Master Course

Master Course

Master Course

STRUCTURES

Module B: 21/2/2014
DESIGN OF JOINTS
I-beam to tubular column joints
COURSE CONTENTS
Master Course
MODULE B – Design of Tubular Structures
1 – Overview
§  Structural solutions. Materials and products
2 – Design of tubular members
3 – Design of joints
§  I-beam to tubular column joints
•  (minor-axis)
•  fin-plate
•  end-plate

INTRODUCTION
Master Course
60
50
E2
E1
40
Mom. (kN.m)
30
IPE 200
20 t=1 5
10
HEA 220
0
0,00 0,03 0,05 0,08 0,10 0,13 0,15 0,18 0,20
rot (rad)
!
!
Section AA

INTRODUCTION
Master Course
•  How to tighten the bolts from the inside?
•  How to transfer bending moment to the column?

INTRODUCTION
Master Course
Huck Ultra Twist system
Chapa de Topo
Flowdrill System
Perfil RHS Parafusos correntes
!
1 2
Studs welded to the 3 4
column face
!
MODULE B – Design of tubular structures Hollobolt System
Behaviour of the column web in transverse

Master Course
bending
t wc
t wc
L
L 3
c1 = d m b2
c1 = d m b2
t wc
t wc 5
h h b1 b1
A A AA 7
9
c2c2
FF
b2 b2
!
Strains in the
Extensões nacolumn
alma doweb
pilar
L
L ! 50
Ext 3
45 Ext 9
Ext 7
40 Ext 5
35
Momento (kN.m)
30
25
Column web !
20
15 Y-Y
10
5 LE
0 - Linear strain gauge (steel)
-2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
MODULE B – Design of tubular structures extensão (µ)
Strain (µ)
! - Linear strain gauge (concrete)

Master Course
bending: initial stiffness

b
a
S µ = L t wc
a
F β =b L
L
α =c L
t wc c
l eff = c + (L - b) tan θ
θ
θ
a a = L-b
l eff 2
θ b
a
1− β
L
3 α + (1− β )tan θ + 6S 3
4Et wc ! Et wc
Si =
L2 ⎡ 3S 1− β ⎤
(1− β ) ⎢1+ 3
⎥
⎣ 2 Et 3
wc (α + (1− β ) tan θ ) ⎦
S1 D1 EI2 D2 S2
EI1 EI1
D5 D6
D3 D4
a b a
!

Master Course

hi
a
R
3
Et wc α + (1− β ) tan θ
Si = 2 16
10, 4 ( k1 − k2 β )
d
L
(1− β ) +
3
µ2
tc Corte
L AA
a d
A A L
Si, freeflanges =
( µ β)
1,25
Si, fixedflanges ≤ S
c = dm
tc
i, fixedflanges
230 dm
h b
F F
2 2

!

Master Course

b1
Δ1
c1=d m
θ
l eff A F1
B F
c2=d m Δ2 F2
M
h b2 h1 h
h2
a
θ
c3
C F3
b3
t wc Δ3
L !
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
h +h h +h
S j,ini = Sh1 ⎜⎜ h1 − 1 2 ⎟⎟ + Sh2 ⎜⎜ h2 − 1 2 ⎟⎟
S3 S3
⎜⎝ +2⎟ ⎜ +2⎟
S ⎠ ⎝ S ⎠


Master Course
bending: plastic resistance

Linhas de plastificação Linhas de plastificação c/ rect equivalente
Corte


Master Course

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures L = d + 0, 4r


Master Course

δt bt
A Ft ct/2
ct/2
M > M pl
h
a
θ
cc
C Fc
bc
δc
t wc
min { Ft ; Fc } h
L !


Master Course
bending: post-limit stiffness

f1 = − 0.24 β − 0.012 µ + 0.72
f2 = 0.55 + 1.07 α + 0.85
⎧ ⎛δ ⎞ δ F
⎪0,9 + ( f1 + f2 − 0.9 ) ⎜⎝ t ⎟⎠ if t ≤ 1 and F ≥ 1
F ⎪ pl
=⎨
Fpl ⎪ ⎛δ ⎞ δ F
f1 + f2 ⎜ ⎟ if ≥ 1 and ≥1
⎪⎩ ⎝t⎠ t Fpl

I-beam to tubular column joints

Master Course
•  fin-plate
•  end-plate

I-beam to tubular column joints: reverse

Master Course
channel joint
Force (kN)
280
UKPFC 230x90x32 550°C
20°C
230
UKPFC 180x90x26
180
Endplate UKPFC 200x90x30
UKPFC 230x90x32
130
Cut from
80 Cut from SHS250x8
SHS200x6
30
Square CFT
-‐20 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Connection Rotation (°)


Master Course
channel joint
U 200x90x10 330 long 200

Ø 26mm hole 155
15
for M24 bolt
75
SHS 250X250X10
330
180
180
IPE 300
75
15
35 85 35
Endplate 330x155x25
250 90 25
22.5
25
10
250
200
155
150
22.5
25
U 200x135x8 330 long 200

Ø 26mm hole 155
15
for M24 bolt

75
CHS 244.5X10
330
180
180
IPE 300
75
15
35 85 35
Endplate 330x155x25
135 25
22.5
244.5
8
200
155
150
22.5


Master Course
channel joint
Component behaviour: Calibration of the model for parametric studies
Connection rotation Connection rotation

140 600
180
120
160 500
100 140
Force [kN]
400
Force [kN]
120
Load [kN]
80 test
100 300
FEA test
60
80 200
FEA
40 60 Test 5: W-C20-10 (P3)
100
20 40
Test 5: FEA - 5 mm weld
20 0
0 0 2 4 6 8 10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 Displacement [mm]
0 5 10 15
Rotation [°]
Rotation [°]

Master Course
channel joint

Master Course
§  Characterization of the behaviour of the composite joint components to

establish the force-deflection-temperature relationship.
Constant-temperature tests:
Ø  Testing reverse channel and CFT column components;
Ø  Testing isolated joints under different combinations of axial and shear
forces and bending moments;
Ø  Testing different reverse channel sections to failure under tension and
compression forces on the web;
Composite column types:
o  CFT: SHS and CHS sections;
Ø  4 test temperatures: o  Partially encased H-sections.
§  ambient temp.;
§  550ºC; Joint types:
§  650ºC; o  Reverse channel;
§  750ºC. o  Fin-plate;
o  Flush endplate.
Master Course
Ø  Component tests

§  CFT component 3 different channel sections:
§  Reverse channel in compression §  Welded plates
§  Reverse channel in tension (1-2 bolt row) §  Cut from SHS
§  Hot-rolled
Prototypes for tension and compression tests

Master Course

§  CFT component
§  Reverse channel in compression
§  Reverse channel in tension (1-2 bolt row)
Before compression test
After test (750ºC)
During test

Master Course
Tensile test set-up 1

§  CFT component
§  Reverse channel in compression
§  Reverse channel in tension (1-2 bolt row)
Tensile test set-up 2

Master Course
Ø  Isolated joint tests

§  Reverse channel (CFT and PE columns); Combinations of axial and
§  Fin-plate (CFT columns); shear forces and bending
§  Flush endplate (PE column). moments
REVERSE CHANNEL JOINT FIN-PLATE JOINT ENDPLATE JOINT

Master Course
channel joint
REVERSECHANNELJOINT Reverse channel in bending

§  To develop and validate a component-based
Bolt in tension

model for steel joints, and to extend it to Endplate in bending

composite joints, for applications under Column wall

in bending

arbitrary fire conditions, including the cooling Bolt in tension
Endplate in bending
M
phase, and mechanical actions throughout the
Column flange
fire event. in bending
M
Reverse channel
Component-base model: in compression

Column web Tension zone
Ø  Identification of the active components
in compression
Shear zone
Ø  Unloading of the component ENDPLATEJOINT

Compression zone
Ø  Assembly of components Bolt in tension
Endplate in bending
Column flange
in bending
M
1 ` 1 2
Column web
in compression

Master Course
channel joint
trc
ii) Shear and bending e1
i) Design checks for vertical shear: resistance of the t2

reverse channel to the hp n1 rows
brc
tp column section:
of bolts
zrc
trc tf,rc
p3
e1 e1
tw,rc
e2,p
p1 VEd
n1
rows Fed
e2,rc p1
of
e2,b p1
t2
(n1-1)p1 p1 brc
p3
VE
tf,rc
p3
iii) Shear and bending resistance of the

reverse channel to the end plate: tw,rc
d2
1.5t2,rc
Yield lines
Fed

Master Course
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
•  This lecture was prepared for the Edition 2 of SUSCOS (2013/15) by

LUÍS SIMÕES DA SILVA and ALDINA SANTIAGO (UC).
The SUSCOS powerpoints are covered by copyright and are for the exclusive use by the
SUSCOS teachers in the framework of this Erasmus Mundus Master. They may be
improved by the various teachers throughout the different editions.
luisss@dec.uc.pt
Gab. SF 5.11
http://steel.fsv.cvut.cz/suscos

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ADVANCED DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE

Luís Simões da Silva

MODULE B – Design of Tubular Structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

Simões da Silva, L, Rimões, R and Gervásio, H -

Simões da Silva, L., Santiago, A., Lopes, F., Veljkovic, M.,

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

Jaspart, J-P., Pietrapertosa, C., Weynand, K., Busse, E., and

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

FERPINTA Member Calculator - “Design of tubular

SemiComp Member Design – Design resistance of

ECCS Steel Member Calculator – Design of

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

FERPINTA Connections Calculator - “Design of I-

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

CEN. EN 1993-1-8:2005 – Eurocode 3: Design of Steel

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

Luís Simões da Silva

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

Friends Arena (Hilong

HILONG – High Strength Long Span

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

Expansion of a paper pulp warehouse in the industrial facilities of CELBI - Celulose

A primeira fase que correspondia a ampliar

Phased construction: total expansion divided in

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

MODULE B – Design of tubular structures

q  HOW TO GET SOFTWARE

q  Download the following free software (Windows) according to

q  Download installation instructions for Semi-Comp

q  Download zipped file for Semi-Comp Member Design

q  HOW TO GET SOFTWARE

q  Download and install the free application FERPINTA

q  CONGRATULATIONS! YOU ARE SET TO GO!

•  How to tighten the bolts from the inside?

•  How to transfer bending moment to the column?