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Go players encounter life and death situations when their stones are surrounded by their opponents, and
there is potential for their stones to be captured.
Black plays at 1 to live because his/her territory is confined so his group is in jeapoardy.
2. Real vs. Fake Eye: To make a real eye always make sure that the following intersections are filled or
secured by another eye (such as in Fig. 1).
Fig. 1
B is intersection for the eye at A. The intersection is secured and is used to make another eye.
For an eye with four sides of stones, 3 of the 4 intersections must be filled/secured. Note Fig. 1.
For an eye with one artificial side (an artificial side is created by the edge of the goban/go board), all
intersections must be filled/secured.
For an eye with two artificial sides (this only occurs in the corner), the intersection must be
filled/secured.
3. Big Eyes: Sometimes we call an eye that has more than one liberty a big eye. Some big eyes can be
divided into smaller eyes while others cannot.
Black only has one big eye; however, Black’s group is still dead, because black does not have two eyes.
Remember that we usually define a real eye, in its most basic form to be an indestructible internal
liberty.
The reason being is because big eyes can sometimes be reduced to one liberty. Below is an example.
Black has taken two more liberties, yet white is still alive because white has two indestructible internal
liberties.
The point in case is that an eye (at the minimum) is an indestructible internal liberty.
Black’s group is dead with one fake eye and one big eye.
Black has two critical eye making points. Black only has to play at one of these two points to be alive.
This leads us into our next section on basic eye shapes.
1 Sensei's Library defines a big eye as an eye of more than 3 spaces. http://senseis.xmp.net/?BigEyeLiberties
A small eye is an eye that has not more than 3 spaces. http://senseis.xmp.net/?SmallEyeLiberties
We feel that it is clearer to explain life and death by defining a big eye as any eye of more than 1 internal liberty.
Square four is unconditionally dead. Any move that white plays turns white’s group into a curved three.
Rabbity-six or Flower-six shape Proper response to White 2 Mistake: Double life (seki)
If Black plays at A, white is dead and black can play elsewher. However, if white responds with
2, black plays 3. White is dead because black can complete the T-4 shape by playing at A and B.
Black should careful not to play at C, even after playing at 3. Black 5 leads to seki because after
5 A and B make live shapes (L-4 and curved 4).
Black 1 at 3
Black 1 at 3
b. Take-back: In special situations, a player can capture an opposing group after the
opponent captures theirs.
Black is in danger and only has one eye? How will black live?
First black ataris and forces his stones to be captured. Then black can capture white.