Professional Documents
Culture Documents
4
WH-Question words ....................................................................................................................... 7
SUBJECT OR PERSONAL PRONOUNS ............................................................................................... 9
POSSESIVE ADJECTIVES ................................................................................................................ 11
COMPARING SUBJECT PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES............................................. 12
COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES ................................................................................................. 14
NUMBERS...................................................................................................................................... 16
UNIT 2 - THERE IS AND THERE ARE................................................................................................... 18
UNIT 3 - PEOPLE ADJECTIVES............................................................................................................ 21
Possessive ‘S ................................................................................................................................. 23
FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS ............................................................................................................... 25
FAMILY TREE ................................................................................................................................. 26
UNIT 4 - PREPOSITIONS OF LOCATION............................................................................................. 28
COMMON SENTENCE PATTERNS FOR PREPOSITIONS OF LOCATION ......................................... 29
UNIT 5 - Present Continuous ............................................................................................................ 31
Contractions.................................................................................................................................. 32
UNIT 8 – HOW MUCH…?................................................................................................................... 35
UNIT 9 – Questions using the Present continuous .......................................................................... 37
Questions with Wh- ...................................................................................................................... 37
Yes/No questions.......................................................................................................................... 38
Unit 11 - Telling the time .................................................................................................................. 40
Prepositions of time ..................................................................................................................... 42
Simple Present .............................................................................................................................. 44
Present Simple - Spelling ................................................................................................................... 45
Adverbs of Frequency................................................................................................................... 47
Other phrases of time / Otras expresiones de tiempo: .................................................................... 47
Unit 15 – Future using “going to” .................................................................................................... 50
Keys/Respuestas ............................................................................................................................... 52
Referencias bibliográficas ................................................................................................................. 62
2
Para mayor ayuda, puedes usar el diccionario Cambridge online:
http://dictionary.cambridge.org
3
UNIT 1 - VERB TO BE
The verb be can be an auxiliary verb or a main verb in English / El verbo to be puede ser
usado como verbo auxiliar o principal.
Be is used to describe the current state of something- how it is at that moment / Estar es
usado para describir el estado actual de algo al momento de hablar.
Be is used to describe the nature and characteristics of something / Ser es usado para
describir la naturaleza y característica de algo.
Ejemplo:
Be as a full verb
Affirmative sentence Negative sentence Question
I am from Britain. I am not from Britain. Am I from Britain?
he, she, it:
He is from Britain. He is not from Britain. Is he from Britain?
we, you, they:
We are from Britain. We are not from Britain. Are we from Britain?
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Affirmative Negative
long form short form long form short form
I am I'm I am not I'm not
he, she, it:
he is he's he is not he isn't or he's not
we, you, they:
we are we're we are not we aren't or we're not
Exercises:
6. We ___________________from Chile.
7. That __________________right.
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II. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences with the verb to be
/Ordene las palabras para crear oraciones con el verbo to be.
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WH-Question words
Questions with Wh- question words + be / Preguntas con palabras Wh- y el verbo “be”.
Wh- question words with examples/ Ejemplos de preguntas con palabras Wh-.
7
Exercises.
I. Put in What, Where, Why, When, How, Who into the gaps and form
meaningful questions / Complete las preguntas con what, where, why, when,
how, who.
7. _____________________old is Mike?
8
SUBJECT OR PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Meaning / Significado.
Use Subject Pronouns to replace the subject (person or thing) of a verb. A pronoun has
the same meaning as a noun / Use Subject Pronouns para reemplazar el sujeto (persona o
cosa) del verbo. El pronombre reemplaza al sustantivo.
Form / Forma
SUBJECT OR PERSONAL PRONOUNS EXAMPLE
I I’m Anna
You Are you Maria?
He He’s a pilot
She She’s from Korea
It It’s a beautiful dog
We We’re sisters
You Are you Tom and Susan?
They They have a big family
Saying the word John twice is repetitive and does not sound natural / Decir John dos veces
es repetitivo y no suena natural.
We replace the Subject (John) that appears the second time with a subject pronoun to
avoid repetition (and in this case to avoid saying the name John again.) / Reemplazamos el
sujeto (John) que aparece la segunda vez para evitar la repetición, y así evitar decir John
por segunda vez.
So we would say / Por lo tanto, diríamos:
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• John is tall and he is intelligent. John es alto e inteligente.
We replace the second John with the Subject Pronoun He / Reemplazamos el segundo
John con el pronombre He.
In this sentence he has the same meaning as Tony / En esta frase he tiene el mismo
significado que Tony.
Exercise.
I. Use the correct subject or personal pronouns. Watch the word in brackets.
Complete la frase con el pronombre personal que equivale a la palabra en
paréntesis.
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POSSESIVE ADJECTIVES
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COMPARING SUBJECT PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
Rule 1/Regla 1: Subject pronouns are I, you, he, she, it, we, they. Subject pronouns
usually occur before a verb. / Los sujetos pronombres son I, you, he, she, it, we,
they. Son usados antes de un verbo.
Rule 2/Regla 2: Possessive adjectives are my, your, his, her, its, our, their.
Possessive adjectives occur before a noun (my car) or an adjective + noun (my new
car) /Los adjetivos posesivos son my, your, his, her, its, our, their. Usamos los
adjetivos posesivos antes de un sustantivo (my car) o un adjetivo + sustantivo (my
new car).
Rule 3/Regla 3: Possessive adjectives have no singular or plural. They are used
with both singular and plural nouns (my book/my books). Los adjetivos posesivos
no tienen forma singular o plural. Usamos los adjetivos posesivos con sustantivos
singulares y plurales (my book/my books).
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Exercises:
Write the correct possessive adjectives on the lines/Escribe el correspondiente adjetivo
posesivo en cada linea.
13
COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES
Denmark-Danish/Dinamarca-Danés, -a.
Indonesia-Indonesian/Indonesia-Indonesio, -sia.
Korea-Korean/Corea-Coreano, -a.
Mexico-Mexican/México-Mexicano, -a.
Portugal-Portuguese/Portugal-Portugués, -a.
Turkey-Turkish/Turquía-Turco, -a.
Austria-Austrian/Austria-Austriaco, -a.
Belgium-Belgian/ Bélgica-Belga
Scotland-Scottish/Escocia-Escocés, -a.
Australia-Australian/Australia-Australiano, -a.
Nepal-Nepalese/ Nepal-Nepalí.
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Exercises:
Circle the correct word/Pon en un círculo la palabra correcta.
2. She is France/French.
6. Sofia is Greece/Greek.
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Complete the sentences with the corresponding nationality. / Completa las
oraciones con la nacionalidad correcta.
NUMBERS
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Exercises:
1. 4 ___________
2. 40 ___________
3. 5 ___________
4. 15 ___________
5. 50 ___________
6. 100 ___________
7. 33 ___________
8. 13 ___________
9. 72 ___________
10. 86 ___________
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UNIT 2 - THERE IS AND THERE ARE
We use there is and there are when we first refer to the existence or presence of
someone or something/ Usamos there is y there are para referirnos a la existencia o
presencia de alguien o algo.
e.g There’s a letter on your desk. Julia brought it from the mail room/Hay una carta en
tu escritorio. Julia la trajo de la oficina de correos.
There is and there’s are both singular forms. We use there’s more commonly in informal
speaking/ There is y there’s ambas formas singulares. Usamos there’s en contextos menos
formales de producción oral.
e.g There is a new cafe in the centre of town which sells Indonesian food/Hay un nuevo
café en el centro de la ciudad que vende comida Indonesia.
She’s very determined and there’s no chance she will change her mind. Ella está
muy decidida y no hay forma que cambie de opinión.
There are is the plural form of there is and there’s/ There are es la forma plural de there
is y there’s.
e.g There are two new buildings next to the school. They are both science
buildings/Hay dos edificios nuevos al lado del colegio. Ambos edificios de ciencia.
In speaking and in some informal writing, we use there’s even when it refers to more than
one. This use could be considered incorrect in formal writing or in an examination/Tanto
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en producción oral como escrita menos formal, usamos there’s incluso para referirnos a
más de uno.
e.g There’s three other people who are still to come/Hay tres personas todavía por
venir.
Exercises:
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4. There ______ a euro and ten cents on the counter.
a) is b) are
5. There ______ a lot of errors on this page.
a) is b) are
6. There ______ a load of laundry to do.
a) is b) are
7. There ______ any wine left.
a) isn't b) aren't
8. I'm hungry. _____ there any apples in your backpack?
a) Is b) Are
9. Sorry, Dad. _____ nothing left.
a) There's b) There isn't
10. Help yourself. _____ coffee, tea and juice to drink.
a) There's b) There are
there’s there are is there are there there isn't there aren't
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UNIT 3 - PEOPLE ADJECTIVES
To ask about the physical characteristics of people we normally ask the following
question: / Para preguntar sobre las características físicas de una persona normalmente
se utiliza la siguiente pregunta:
Question Answer
What does he look like? Physical description
The answers will include adjectives like tall, short, young, old. / En las respuestas se
utilizarán adjetivos como alto, bajo, joven, viejo(a).
Example:
Q: What does she look like? A: She’s very tall and thin.
We can also answer by using Have/Has + noun to describe a person physically / También
se puede utilizar have/has + sustantivo para describer a una persona físicamente.
Example:
Q: What does she look like? A: She has black hair.
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
Verb to be + adjective Tall, short, thin, strong, athletic, overweight, bald
Middle-aged, old, young
Have/has + noun or Short hair, Long hair, curly hair, straight hair,
have/has got + noun blond hair, red hair, gray hair
Blue eyes, Green eyes, Brown eyes
A moustache, A beard
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Exercises:
Translate the following sentences to Spanish / Traduzca las siguientes oraciones al
castellano:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. El hombre es viejo.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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Possessive ‘S
Possessive ‘s shows ownership, something you own. It is also used to indicate the
relationship between people / La possessive ‘s muestra que somos dueños de algo.
También se utiliza para indicar el parentesco entre personas.
Example: Things
Exercises
Use the words to make sentences. /Use las palabras para hacer oraciones.
Example: Simon/brother/Jenny.
1. Rosa/mother/David.
____________________________________________________________________
2. Miguel/father/Sofia/.
____________________________________________________________________
3. Carmen/wife/Nick.
____________________________________________________________________
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4. Joanna/sister/Amanda.
____________________________________________________________________
5. Harry/husband/Susana.
____________________________________________________________________
6. This/Eddie/bicycle.
____________________________________________________________________
7. These/Robert/photos.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. This/Jack/dog.
____________________________________________________________________
9. These/Victoria/pens.
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
Use a dictionary to translate the words below / Use un diccionario para traducir estas palabras
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FAMILY TREE
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Exercise
Use the family tree above to make sentences / Use el árbol de la familia de arriba para hacer
oraciones.
1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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UNIT 4 - PREPOSITIONS OF LOCATION
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COMMON SENTENCE PATTERNS FOR PREPOSITIONS OF LOCATION
Existen dos estrucutras principales que se utilizan con las preposiciones de lugar:
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Exercises
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UNIT 5 - Present Continuous
The Present Continuous is used in several ways to refer to: actions happening at the
moment of speaking, in the future, temporary actions, and trends. However, and for the
purposes of this course, we will concentrate on “actions happening at the moment of
speaking”. / El presente continuo se utiliza de distintas formas para referirse a: acciones
que están sucediendo en el momento, para el futuro, acciones temporales, y tendencias.
No obstante, y para los propósitos de este nivel, nos concentramos en el uso más común,
es decir, “acciones que están sucediendo en el momento”.
El tiempo Presente Continuo (también llamado Progresivo) se forma con el presente del
verbo SER (TO BE, ¿recuerdas?) más el gerundio...ANDO /...ENDO (...-ing en inglés), del
verbo que se desea conjugar. Este tiempo verbal indica una acción en desarrollo (que está
ocurriendo ahora, en el mismo momento en que se la nombra). Por ello, a menudo las
oraciones en Presente Continuo llevan justamente el adverbio “now”, “currently” o “at
the moment”.
Affirmative Negative
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Contractions.
We often use short forms in affirmative sentence in the Present Progressive / Usualmente
usamos la versión corta en las oraciones afirmativas del presente progresivo.
We are not studying in New York - Nosotros no estamos estudiando en New York.
We're not studying in New York - Nosotros no estamos estudiando en New York.
● A single, silent -e at the end of the word is dropped before –ing / Se reemplaza la –e
final por –ing.
Example: come - coming
I am coming home. You are coming home. He is coming home.
● But: -ee at the end of the word is not changed / Pero “-ee” al final de una palabra no
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se cambia.
Example: agree – agreeing
● The final consonant after a short, stressed vowel is doubled before -ing / La
consonante final después de una vocal corta acentuada es repetida antes de –ing.
Example: sit – sitting
● I am sitting on the sofa. You are sitting on the sofa. He is sitting on the sofa.
● The letter “L” as final consonant after a vowel is always doubled before ing / La letra “L
“como consonante final después de una vocal siempre es repetida antes de –ing.
Example: travel – travelling
● An -ie at the end of a word becomes -y before ing / Un “-ie” al final de una palabra se
reemplazar por -y antes de –ing.
Example: lie – lying
Exercises:
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the present continuous / Complete el espacio
con la forma correcta del presente continuo.
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9. She_______________________ the piano very well. (not play)
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UNIT 8 – HOW MUCH…?
We use How much is/are…? To ask for the price of things / Utilizamos How much is/are…?
Para preguntar el precio de cosas.
EXERCISES:
Write how much, is, are, it’s or they’re / Escriba how much, is, are, it’s o they’re
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UNIT 9 – Questions using the Present continuous
Begin wh- questions in the present continuous with a question word like what, where,
why, who or how. Use am, is, or are + the –ing form of the verb/ Comience las preguntas
con Wh- en presente continuo con palabras como what, where, why, who or how./
Comience las preguntas con wh- en presente continuo con palabras como what, where,
why, who o how. Use am, is o are + la forma -ing del verbo.
Exercises:
37
Yes/No questions
Exercises:
Choose the best alternative. /Elija la mejor alternativa
Exercises:
1. They/try/to help/?
______________________________________________________________________
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Unit 11 - Telling the time
Here are two common ways of telling the time. /Aquí hay dos formas comunes de decir
la hora.
Formal but easier way. /Manera Formal pero más fácil.
Say the hours first and then the minutes. /Diga primero las horas y después los minutos.
Another possibility of saying '15 minutes past' is: a quarter past. /Otra manera de decir '15
minutes past' es decir: “a quarter past”.
Another possibility of saying '15 minutes to' is: a quarter to. /Otra manera de decir '15
minutes to' es decir: “a quarter to”.
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Another possibility of saying '30 minutes past' is: half past. /Otra manera de decir '30
minutes past' es decir: “half past”.
1. 08:30 = ________________________________
2. 09:55 = ________________________________
3. 08:50 = ________________________________
4. 03:10 = ________________________________
5. 09:40 = ________________________________
6. 08:10 = ________________________________
7. 12:45 = ________________________________
8. 10:15 = ________________________________
9. 02:20 = ________________________________
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Prepositions of time
From… to… used with a particular time I work from Monday to Friday
or periods of time. Se usa I study from 7:00 to 10:00
con horas exactas o
periodos de tiempo
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Exercises:
Choose the correct alternative / Seleccione la alternativa correcta.
1. I get up _______6:00.
a) at b) on c) in
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Simple Present
The Simple Present is frequently used in English for the following situations / El Presente
Simple es usado frecuentemente en inglés en las siguientes situaciones:
1) Repeated actions (every day, always, often, sometimes or never) / Acciones que se
repiten.
These airlines fly to London every Monday / Estas aerolíneas vuelan a Londres cada lunes.
4) Sequence of actions in the present (first - then, after that) / Secuencia de acciones en
el presente (primero, después, etc.)
First I get up, then I have breakfast / Primero me levanto, luego tomo desayuno.
5) Instructions / Instrucciones.
Conjugation 1: Con los pronombres I, You, We, They el verbo no cambia de forma y se
utiliza el auxiliar do.
Examples: I have a grey car. You don’t have a grey car. Do they have a grey car?
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Conjugation 2: Con los pronombres He, She, It el verbo cambia de forma y se usa el
auxiliar does.
Examples:
I watch - he watches
I pass - he passes
I go - he goes
I do - he does
Verbs ending in 'y' preceded by a vowel (a, e, i, o, u): Add –s / En verbos terminados en –
y precedidos por vocal se agrega -s
Example
I play - he plays
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Verbs ending in 'y' proceeded by a consonant: Change 'y' to 'i' and add 'es' / Verbos
terminados en
'y' precedidos de una consonante: Cambiar 'y' por 'i' y agregar 'es'
Example
I hurry - he hurries
Exercises:
I. Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use Present Simple / Usa los verbos en
paréntesis para completar las oraciones. Usa el presente simple.
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Adverbs of Frequency
These adverbs of frequency can be used in the Simple Present / Estos adverbios de
frecuencia se pueden utilizar para el Presente Simple:
Always / Siempre
Often /A menudo
Usually /Usualmente
Sometimes / A veces
Never / Nunca
On Mondays / El lunes.
These adverbs go after the verb to be and before the main verb / Estos adverbios se
ubican después del verb to be y antes del verbo principal de la oración.
EXAMPLE
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Rewrite the complete sentence using the adverb of frequency in the correct position /
Escriba la oración completa usando el adverbio de frecuencia en la posición correcta.
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Action Verbs / Verbos más usados en este nivel
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Unit 15 – Future using “going to”
To talk about future plans we use going to / Para hablar sobre planes a futuro utilizamos
going to.
Examples:
• I am going to meet Jane tonight / I’m going to meet Jane tonight (meet)
• She is not going to meet Jane tonight / She’s not going to meet Jane tonight
(not/meet)
• Are you going to meet Jane tonight? (you/meet?)
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Exercises:
Complete the sentences using going to and the verbs given. Complete las oraciones
usando going to y los verbos dados.
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Keys/Respuestas
Unit 1
Complete with the correct form of the verb to be - am/is/are in the affirmative or
negative. Complete con la forma correcta del verbo to be - am/is/are en afirmativo
o negativo.
1. Isn’t 6. Are
2. Am 7. Is
3. Aren’t 8. Are
4. Is 9. Are
5. Isn’t 10. Is
Put the words in the correct order to make sentences with the verb to be. Ordena
las palabras para crear oraciones con el verbo “to be”.
52
Put in What, Where, Why, When, How into the gaps and form meaningful questions
/ Complete las preguntas con what, where, why, when, how.
Use the correct subject or personal pronouns. Watch the word in brackets. Completa la
frase con el pronombre personal que equivale a la palabra en paréntesis.
1. He is a student. (George)
2. It is white( the board)
3. They are on the wall ( the posters)
4. It is running ( the dog)
5. We are watching TV. ( my mother and I)
6. Are they in the garden? ( the cats)
7. He is riding his bike ( Tom)
8. She is from Bristol ( Victoria)
9. She has got a brother ( Diana)
10. Is she a nurse? (Maria)
53
Write the correct possessive adjectives on the lines/Escribe el correspondiente adjetivo
posesivo en cada linea.
1. your 11. our
2. her 12. his
3. your 13. his
4. her 14. her
5. our 15. her
6. its 16. their
7. their 17. their
8. my 18. our
9. their 19. their
10. its 20. our
1. Spain 4. Germany
2. French 5. Japan
3. Russia 6. Greek
Complete the sentences with the corresponding nationality. / Completa las oraciones
54
Write these numbers in words/Escribe estos números en palabras.
3. 5 five 8. 13 thirteen
55
Complete the conversation / Complete la conversación.
Possessive ‘S
1. Rosa is David’s mother.
2. Miguel is Sofia’s father.
3. Carmen is Nick’s wife.
4. Joanna is Amanda’s sister.
5. Harry is Susana’s husband.
6. This is Eddie’s bicycle.
7. These are Robert’s photos.
8. This is Jack’s dog.
9. These are Victoria’s pens.
10. Ben’s books are on the table.
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Family Tree
There are many possible answers, here are just some / Hay muchas
posibilidades de oraciones, aquí solo hay algunas.
Unit 5
57
Unit 8 – How much …?
Write how much, is, are, it’s or they’re / Escriba how much, is, are, it’s o they’re
Unit 9
58
Unit 11 – Telling the time
59
Unit 11 – Simple Present
Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use Simple Present / Usa los verbos
en paréntesis para completar las oraciones. Usa el presente simple.
Rewrite the complete sentence using the adverb of frequency in the correct position
/ Escriba la oración completa usando el adverbio de frecuencia en la posición
correcta.
60
Unit 15 – Going to
Complete the sentences using going to and the verbs given. Complete las oraciones
usando going to y los verbos dados.
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Referencias bibliográficas
http://www.ejerciciodeingles.com/expresiones-cantidad-ingles-some-any en enero
del 2018.
http://www.englishlanguage.com/blog/aprenda-ingles/gramatica/preguntas-
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