Guide for

Installation
of Solar PV
Systems
General Guidelines

Prepared by: ADWEA - Abu Dhabi Water & Electricity Authority

In collaboration with: RSB, MASDAR, ADM

Rev: 0

Date: 22nd July 2012

 Contents
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................... 3

1- Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 6
1.1. Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority (ADWEA):................................................................. 6
1.2 Distribution Companies ................................................................................................................ 6
1.3 Regulation & Supervision Bureau ................................................................................................. 7
1.4 Department of Municipality Affairs .............................................................................................. 7
1.5. Standards and Regulations .......................................................................................................... 7
2- Before Connecting Solar PV System:............................................................................................... 8
3- PV Installation Requirements ............................................................................................................. 9
4- After Installation of Solar PV............................................................................................................... 9
5- Solar PV System Overview ................................................................................................................ 10
Steps to remember while designing a Solar PV System.................................................................... 13
Steps to remember during Installation of Solar PV System .............................................................. 13
DC system .................................................................................................................................................... 14
General Technical Requirements ...................................................................................................... 17
Performance Optimization................................................................................................................ 17
6. Review ............................................................................................................................................... 18
ANNEXURE-1 ......................................................................................................................................... 19
Solar PV Module Eligibility Listing Procedure: .................................................................................. 19
ANNEXURE-2 ......................................................................................................................................... 20
Solar PV Inverter Eligibility Listing Procedure: .................................................................................. 20
ANNEXURE-3 ......................................................................................................................................... 21
System Integrator Eligibility Listing Procedure ................................................................................. 21
ANNEXURE-4 ......................................................................................................................................... 22
Design & Installation Check List ........................................................................................................ 22
ANNEXURE-5 ......................................................................................................................................... 24
Preventive Maintenance ................................................................................................................... 24
ANNEXURE-6 ......................................................................................................................................... 26
Solar PV System Process Chart ......................................................................................................... 26

2
 Foreword

Knowing of the growing popularity of solar photovoltaic (PV) installations amongst residential
as well as building developers, system integrators and the corresponding demand for a
comprehensive set of information, the ADWEA group (Abu Dhabi Water & Electricity Authority) and
the sector stakeholders such as RSB, ADM, Masdar got together earlier this year to work on
integrating their respective efforts into creating a reference guide for those who are keen on
installing Solar PV systems in Emirates of Abu Dhabi.

The outcome of these guidelines, which also saw the involvement of industry partners and other
stakeholders. Through this, we hope to be able to provide a comprehensive guide to the relevant
parties, including owners, developers, engineers, architects, Licensed Electrical Workers and
electricians on the key issues, requirements and processes pertaining to the installation of solar PV
systems.

As this guide covers and provides information on process, licensing, market and technical, building
and structural requirements that are related to the implementation of solar PV systems in a
building environment. In addition, it provides information on the installation requirements for solar
PV systems, recommended preventive maintenance works to promote solar PV systems in Abu
Dhabi.

We like to thank all the parties, stakeholders involved in making this possible and we will work
together seamlessly to implement and achieve the goals of the Abu Dhabi Government.

We hope you will find this to be a useful guide.

Please contact us for any further information suggestion and comments on this guide.

Umraz Ahmed Noor Ahmed Mohamed Hussain Al Attas

+9716943358 +9716943336

umraz.ahmed@adwea.ae mohamed.alattas@adwea.ae

3
 Glossary
ADWEA Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority.

RSB Regulation & Supervision Bureau

ADDC Abu Dhabi Distribution Company

AADC Al Ain Distribution Company

AC Alternating Current

DC Direct current

PV Photovoltaic

Grid An interconnected network for delivering

electricity from DISCOM to consumers or
customer to DISCOM

LV Low Voltage

MDB Main Distribution Board

SPV Solar Photovoltaic

Distribution Company shall mean distribution licensee within whose area the rooftop PV or
Small Solar Power plant is located and interconnected with distribution network of such
Distribution licensee.

Project Proponent shall mean developer of the Solar PV and/or Solar power project,
Who shall own and operate such solar power generation.

PV cell basic PV device which can generate electricity when exposed to light such as solar
radiation

PV module smallest completely environmentally protected assembly of interconnected PV cells

PV string circuit in which PV modules are connected in series, in order for a PV array to generate
the
required output voltage

PV array mechanically and electrically integrated assembly of PV modules, and other necessary
components, to form a DC power supply unit

PV array junction box enclosure where all PV strings of any PV array are electrically connected
and where protection devices can be located if necessary

PV generator assembly of PV arrays

4
PV generator junction box enclosure where all PV arrays are electrically connected and where
protection devices can be located if necessary

PV string cable connecting PV modules to form a PV string

PV array cable output cable of a PV array

PV DC main cable cable connecting the PV generator junction box to the DC terminals of the PV
inverter

PV inverter device which converts DC voltage and DC current into AC voltage and AC current

PV supply cable connecting the AC terminals of the PV inverter to a distribution circuit of the
electrical installation

PV installation erected equipment of a PV power supply system

Standard test conditions (STC) test conditions specified in IEC 60904-3 for PV cells and PV
modules. Solar modules produce dc electricity. The dc output of solar modules is rated by
manufacturers under Standard Test Conditions (STC). These STC conditions are: solar cell
temperature = 25 oC; solar irradiance (intensity) = 1000 W/m2 and Air mass 1.5.

Open-circuit voltage under standard test conditions UOC STC

Voltage under standard test conditions across an unloaded (open) PV module, PV string, PV array,
PV generator or on the DC side of the PV inverter

Short-circuit current under standard test conditions ISC STC

Short-circuit current of a PV module, PV string, PV array or PV generator under standard test
conditions

DC side part of a PV installation from a PV cell to the DC terminals of the PV inverter

AC side part of a PV installation from the AC terminals of the PV inverter to the point of
connection of
the PV supply cable to the electrical installation

5
1- Introduction
Solar photovoltaic (PV) power systems convert sunlight directly into electricity. A residential PV
power system enables a homeowner to generate some of their daily electrical energy demand on
their own roof. The house remains connected to the electric utility at all times, so any power
needed above what the solar system can produce is simply drawn from the utility.

Purpose
The scope of this document is to give the general overview and understanding of Solar
Photovoltaic system to be used in residential and commercial solar roof top systems , the process
to be followed in installation and connection of Solar Photovoltaic system to the Utility Grid in
Emirates of Abu Dhabi, Grid connected Solar PV systems in general to be connected to Utility Grid
via customer’s MDB(Main Distribution Board) , the aim is to educate system installers with suitable
information so as to ensure that a grid connected Solar PV system meets the current standards
and best practices. It is primarily aimed at roof top installations for residential and commercial
sector. Mechanical and civil design of the Solar PV array is not within the scope of this document.

PV systems are reliable and pollution-free. They make use of the renewable source of energy from
the sun. PV works best in an energy-efficient building. Before investing in a PV system, it would be
sensible to firstly ensure that the overall electricity consumption in your home or business is at the
optimum level by minimising any wastage and utilising energy efficient air conditioning, lighting,
appliances and windows.

Relevant Sector Entities – Roles & Responsibilities

1.1. Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority (ADWEA):

The Abu Dhabi Water & Electricity Authority researches and develops ways to more efficiently
produce, distribute and consume water and electricity. Abu Dhabi needs water and electricity to
live, grow and thrive-we're providing that. We are owned by the Abu Dhabi Government, but we
are financially and administratively independently. The Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority
established in 1998 to oversee all business related the formation, development and
implementation of Government policies related to the sector.

The immediate aim of the ADWEA is to focus on setting up an enabling and supporting
environment for Renewable Energy in particular to this document solar energy penetration in
distribution grid both at centralized and decentralized levels. The first phase will, among other
things, focus on implementing renewable energy systems to meet / supplement power, heating
and cooling energy requirements. These systems still require interventions to bring down costs but
the key challenge is to provide an enabling framework and support for Entrepreneurs to develop
emerging markets.

1.2 Distribution Companies

(a) ADDC & AADC – fully owned by ADWEA, operate under license from RSB

(i) Process applications for Solar PV generation.

(ii) Enforces requirements of the Electricity Wiring Regulations

(iii) Pre-qualifies Solar PV materials via - ADWEA.

6
 (iv) Licensing of Electrical Contractors.

(v) Approvals and Inspection of PV Installation

1.3 Regulation & Supervision Bureau

(a) Generation license for Solar PV

(b) Electricity Wiring Regulations

1.4 Department of Municipality Affairs

(a) Architectural and

(b) Structural approval followed by NOC from ADWEA.

1.5. Standards and Regulations

Solar PV system must comply with Health and Safety Requirements, Electric Wiring Regulation
issued by the Regulation and Supervision Bureau in Abu Dhabi along with other relevant standards
and Codes of Practices. Much of the content of this guide is drawn from such requirements. While
many International and local standards apply in general, at the time of writing there is still
relatively little ,which specifically relates to a Solar PV installation in Abu Dhabi.

7
2- Before Connecting Solar PV System:
Please refer Annexure 6 f or process chart.

2.1 Generation Licence

Small-scale photovoltaic (PV) solar installations

PV solar operations which are both small-scale and self-supply, will by virtue of the thresholds
set out in the Electricity and Water (Licence Exemption) Order No.1 of 2012 be an exempt from
requiring an operational licence issued by the Bureau. However, any company/person/entity
considering the installation and operation of privately owned PV panels/arrays must approach
the Bureau to discuss its proposals and to determine what means of supervision the Bureau will
require of the processes instead.

(a) H&S, compliance to electricity wiring regulation

2.2 Building Permit by Department of Municipality.

To fill information on line and upload a site plan, elevation, owner’s authorization, and a copy of
the consultant or contractor license and submit on line.

(a) Architectural & Structural for Solar PV on roof.

2.3 Distribution Company – connecting Solar PV system to the grid

(a) Application – new or modification to existing systems

(b) If generation if supply is > (more than) connected demand; ADDC to be notified
accordingly.

2.4 The plant should be designed for interconnection with the grid at distribution network at the
voltage level depending on installed capacity of solar system generator check with DISCOs.

General Information: 400V, 3 phase LT- system connected at the MDB (Main
Distribution Board)

2.5 Solar PV Integrator must be licensed for installation see Annex 3

2.6 The mechanical structures, electrical works including power conditioners/inverters/charge

controllers/ other DC equipment’s etc. and overall workmanship of the Solar PV power
plants/ systems in general must be warranted against any manufacturing/ design/
installation defects for a minimum period of 5 to 10 years (preferably 10 years).

2.7 A separate Operation & Maintenance contact to be prepared covering all parts in details by
the System Integrator.

2.8 PV modules used in solar power plants/ systems must be warranted for their output peak
watt Capacity, which should not be less than 90% at the end of 10 years and 80% at the
end of 25 years.

8
3- PV Installation Requirements
a. Electricity Wiring Regulations requirements on DC side refer to the Electricity
Wiring Regulations and Guidelines for clarity.

b. Use of ADDC/ADWEA approved materials list for solar equipment’s

c. see Annex 1 for Solar PV Modules Eligibility Criteria

d. see Annex 2 for Solar PV Inverters Eligibility Criteria

e. see Annex 3 for Solar System Integrator Eligibility Criteria

f. System Integrators to use licensed electrical contractors as per ADDC

requirements

g. Electricity Wiring Regulations requirements on AC side

i. General safety and Safety Requirements

4- After Installation of Solar PV

a. Distribution Company

Installation inspection, installation of meter where relevant, energisation – refer

Disco’s process for application and timeline

b. Appoint Licensed Contractor to carry O&M

O&M arrangement – See Preventive Maintenance Check list in Annex 5

c. Safety and Risk – restrict access to the PV installation

d. Utility compatibility refer to Electricity Wiring Regulation

The quality of power provided by the PV system for the on-site AC loads and for power
delivered to the utility is governed by practices and standards governed by regulation
in Abu Dhabi on voltage, flicker, frequency, harmonics and power factor. Deviation
from these standards represents out-of-bounds conditions and may require the PV
system to sense the deviation and properly disconnect from the utility system.

9
5- Solar PV System Overview

Photovoltaic Cells

Photovoltaic (PV) cells, or solar cells, take advantage of the photoelectric effect to produce
electricity. PV cells are the building blocks of all PV systems because they are the devices that
convert sunlight to electricity. When light shines on a PV cell, it may be reflected, absorbed, or
pass right through. But only the absorbed light generates electricity.

Commonly known as solar cells, individual PV cells are electricity-producing devices made of
semiconductor materials. PV cells come in many sizes and shapes, from smaller than a postage
stamp to several inches across.

Crystalline Silicon Cells

Crystalline silicon PV cells are the most common photovoltaic cells in use today. They are also the
earliest successful PV devices. Therefore, crystalline silicon solar cells provide a good example of
typical PV cell functionality.

Photovoltaic Cell Materials

Although crystalline silicon cells are the most common type, photovoltaic (PV), or solar cells, can
be made of many semiconductor materials. Each material has unique strengths and characteristics
that influence its suitability for specific applications. For example, PV cell materials may differ
based on their crystallinity, bandgap, absorption, and manufacturing complexity.

Silicon (Si)—including single-crystalline Si, multicrystalline Si, and amorphous Si

Thin Films—including copper indium diselenide (CIS), cadmium telluride (CdTe), and thin-
film silicon
Single-Crystalline Thin Films—including high-efficiency material such as gallium
arsenide (GaAs).

Photovoltaic Cell Performance

Photovoltaic (PV), or solar cells use the energy in sunlight to produce electricity. However, the
amount of electricity produced depends on the quality of the light available and the performance of
the PV cell.

PV Modules

Cells are interconnected in series and parallel to form PV modules .

Modules, in turn, can be combined and connected to form PV arrays of different sizes and power
output. The modules of the array make up the major part of a PV system, which can also include
electrical connections, mounting hardware, Inverters or power-conditioning equipment.

10
Photovoltaic Systems

A photovoltaic (PV), or solar electric system, is made up of several photovoltaic solar cells. An
individual PV cell is usually small, typically producing about 1 or 2 watts of power. To boost the
power output of PV cells, they are connected together to form larger units called modules.
Modules, in turn, can be connected to form even larger units called arrays, which can be
interconnected to produce more power, and so on. In this way, PV systems can be built to meet
almost any electric power need, small or large.

By themselves, modules or arrays do not represent an entire PV system. Systems also include
structures that hold the modules and point them toward the sun and components that take the
direct-current electricity produced by modules and "condition" that electricity like Inverters,
usually by converting it to alternate-current electricity. These items are referred to as the balance
of system (BOS) components.

Combining modules with BOS components creates an entire PV system. This system is usually
everything needed to meet a particular energy demand, the appliances and lights in a home, or—if
the PV system is large enough—all the electrical requirements of a community.

Inverters

There are three types of solar inverters, each used in different situations. A solar inverter is
integral to the usage of solar panels because it converts the direct current (DC) from the sun into
the usable alternating current (AC) power that is used for household appliances.

1. Stand-Alone Inverter. Stand-Alone inverters are used in isolated systems such as cabins,
cottages, pumps, and monitoring stations. DC power is taken from Solar Arrays to charge the
batteries and then converter the Battery Power to AC to supply the Loads like bulbs, Fans, etc.,
Many stand-alone inverters also incorporate battery charges to help charge the battery from the
AC source. These stand-alone inverters do not usually work with utility grids and are not required
to have anti-islanding protection.

2. Grid-Tie( Grid Connect) Inverter. A grid-tie inverter is an electrical device that allows
users to complement their grid power with solar energy. The grid-tie inverter regulates the amount
of voltage and the current that is received from the DC solar panels and then converts it into an
alternating current. Grid-tie inverters make sure that the power will be in phase with the grid-
power. This allows for sending excess power back to the power company. Grid-tie inverters do not
provide power in the event of a power shortage.

There are different types of Grid Tied inverters based on sizes Micro inverters from watts to few
hundred watts, String Inverters from kW to few tens of kW, Central inverters from 100kW to MW
range.

3. Battery Backup Inverter. A battery backup inverter is a special inverter that draws energy
from a battery, as well as manages the battery charge via an on-board charge, and also transfers
the excess energy back to the utility grid. Battery backup inverters are required to have anti-
islanding protection.

These three types of solar inverters are very broad and may include other subsections within their
types. It is important to use anti-islanding protection with the solar inverters for protection.

11
Factors Effecting Performance of the Solar System

Shading – Shading has an impact on the performance of a PV system. A small degree of shading
on part of an array can have a very significant impact on the overall array output. Shade is one
element of system performance that can be specifically addressed during system design – by
careful selection of array location and layout and in the electrical design (string design to ensure
shade effects only one string).

Module temperature – An increase in module temperature results in a decrease in performance

(eg 0.5% per 1°C above stc for a crystalline module). Sufficient ventilation must be provided
behind an array for cooling.

Inverter ventilation – Inverters dissipates heat and should be provided with ventilation.
Clearance distances as specified by the manufacturer should also be provided. Failure to follow this
can cause a loss in system performance as the inverter will de-rate when it reaches its maximum
operating temperature. This should be highlighted within the O&M manual and perhaps with a label
– not to block ventilation next to the inverter.

Safety Guidelines
The purpose of this document is to provide guidelines for the user to help ensure that photovoltaic
power systems are properly designed, specified and installed, resulting in a system that operates
to its design potential. This document sets out some of the key criteria that describe a quality
system, and design and installation considerations that should be met to achieve this goal. This
document deals with systems that are connected to utility power.

The long-term safety of the system can be achieved only by ensuring that the system and
components are correctly designed and specified from the outset, followed by correct installation,
operation and maintenance of the system.

Similarly, much can be done during the planning and design stage to ensure that the installation is
safe for the installers.

The appointed System Integrator or Contractor will be responsible for the design and
implementation of the connection of solar PV system to the electrical installation and power grid.

Typical safety issues are:

 The supply from PV modules cannot be switched off, so special precautions should be
made to ensure that live parts are either not accessible or cannot be touched during
installation, use and maintenance.
 PV modules are current-limiting devices, which require a non-standard
approach when designing fault protection systems, as fuses are not likely to blow under
short-circuits conditions.
 PV systems include d.c. wiring, with which few electrical installers are familiar.
 The installation of PV systems presents a unique combination of hazards – due
to risk of electric shock, falling and simultaneous manual handling difficulty. All of these
hazards are encountered as a matter of course on a building site.

12
 Steps to remember while designing a Solar PV System

1. Ensure that the location, tilt, size and orientation of the PV array provide the best output in
terms of annual energy.
2. Ensure the roof area is enough for the expected installed capacity kWp with required clear area
for maintenance and verify that the roof is capable of handling the load.
3. Sunlight and weather resistant equipment’s & materials are recommended for outdoor use.
4. Locate the array to minimize shading effect from vent pipes, high rise buildings and adjacent
structures.
5. Design the system in compliance with all applicable electrical and building codes.
6. Design the system in a way to reduce losses due to wiring length, fuses, switches, and
inverters.
7. Ensure the design meets local utility interconnection requirements.

Steps to remember during Installation of Solar PV System

1. In case of roof mounted system ensure the roof area or other installation site is capable of
handling the desired system size.
2. If roof mounted, verify that the roof is capable of handling additional weight of PV system.
Augment roof structure as necessary.
3. Properly seal any roof penetrations with roofing industry approved sealing methods.
4. Install equipment according to manufacturer’s specifications, using installation requirements
and procedures from the manufacturers' specifications.
5. Properly ground the system parts to reduce the threat of shock hazards and induced surges.
6. Check for proper PV system operation by following the checkout procedures on the PV System
Installation Checklist.
7. Ensure the design meets local utility interconnection requirements
8. Have final inspections completed by the Utility.

13
DC system

Solar Modules

Solar Modules must comply with standards mentioned in Electricity Wiring Regulation by the RSB
Abu Dhabi.

DC System minimum voltage and current rating

All d.c. component ratings (cables, isolators/disconnectors, MCB’s , MCCB’s, connectors, etc.) of
the system must be derived from the maximum voltage and current of the PV array. This must
take into account system voltage, currents of the series and parallel connected modules making up
the array. It must also take into account the maximum output of the individual modules.

When considering the voltage and current requirements of the d.c. system, the maximum values
that could occur need to be assessed. The maximum values originate from two PV module ratings
– the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and the short-circuit current (Isc) which are obtained from the
module manufacturer. The values of Voc and Isc provided by the module manufacturer are those
at standard test conditions (stc) – irradiance of 1000 W/m2, air mass 1.5 and cell temperature of
25°C. Operation of a module outside of standard test conditions can considerably affect the values
of Voc(stc), Isc(stc).

All d.c. components must be rated, as a minimum, at: Voltage: Voc(stc)x 1.15, Current: Isc(stc) x
1.25

Note: Some types of PV modules have temperature coefficients considerably different to those of
standard mono- and multi-crystalline modules. The effects of increased irradiance may also be
more noticeable. In such cases the multiplication factors used for crystalline silicon modules may
not cover the possible increase in voltage/current. Refer to the manufacturer for this information.

DC Cables.

Cables must be rated, as a minimum, to the voltage and current ratings derived using the
multiplication factors above. Refer Electric Wiring regulation by the RSB for the compliance
standards of Cables used in Abu Dhabi.

The cables used for wiring the d.c. section of a grid-connected PV system need to be selected to
ensure that they can withstand the environmental, voltage and current conditions at which they
may be expected to operate especially in hot climate like Abu Dhabi. This will include heating
effects of both current and solar irradiation gain.

Double insulation of the d.c. circuit (d.c. wiring, connectors etc) greatly minimises the risk of
creating accidental shock current paths (e.g. via damaged cable coming in contact with PV frame)
and the risk of fire. Though commonly used for the main d.c. cable (e.g. for long d.c. cable runs in
exposed locations such as on flat roofs, or where cable is buried), sheathed and armored cable
with two or more singly insulated cores does not constitute double-insulated cable, though in this
application it is technically acceptable as it affords a good degree of fault risk reduction.

14
 Note: Purpose designed “PV cables” are readily available in market. These
are simple to use, comply with the requirements as above and allow simple
and safe connection via purpose made PV plug and socket connectors. It is expected that most
installations would use these cables.

Cables routed behind a PV array must be rated for a minimum temperature of 80°C. Cables must
be selected so as to minimise the risk of earth faults and short-circuits.

External cables should be UV stable, water resistant, and it is recommended that they be flexible
(multi-stranded) to allow for thermal/wind movement of arrays/modules.

To minimise the risk of faults, cable runs should be kept as short as practicable. Where long cable
runs are required, it is good practice to label along the d.c. cables

DC connectors

Connectors must be d.c. rated. Connectors must have the same or greater voltage and current
ratings as the string/d.c. main cable to which they are fitted. Connectors must not be used as the
means for d.c. electrical switching, connectors should be touch safe. Refer Electric Wiring
regulation by the RSB for the compliance standards of connectors.

DC Junction box

If there are more than one string, the d.c. junction box is normally the point at which they are
connected together in parallel. Junctions need to be made using high quality connectors, typically
screw terminals. The box may also contain string fuses or DC rated disconnection device, MCB,
MCCB inside the box shall be provided to isolate individual strings. Isolation shall be provided in
both positive and negative string cables.

Note: A PV system cannot be turned off – terminals will remain live at all times during daylight
hours. It is important to ensure that anyone opening an enclosure is fully aware of this.

DC Switch

The d.c. switch provides a means of manually electrically isolating the entire PV array. Such
electrical isolation is required during system installation and subsequent system maintenance. It
should be located adjacent to Inverter in when inverter doesn’t have the DC isolator built in (or)
typically it is integrated into the inverter.

A d.c. switch may be required for systems with long d.c. cable runs (typically at the point of cable
entry into the building, when the inverters are placed inside the building) – so as to provide a
means of isolating the cable for safety reasons or maintenance works.

Where used the d.c. switch must be double pole – to effectively electrically isolate both PV array
positive and PV array negative. The d.c. switch must be rated for d.c. voltage.

An MCB or MCCB may be used as a d.c. switching device provided if it meets all the above
requirements. The use of an MCB or MCCB will provide protection against overcurrent, and so the
rating must be carefully chosen so as not to operate falsely for switching surges and transients.

15
Structural Safety

To ensure safety, there are measures and steps that need to be taken or considered when
installing a solar PV system onto a new or an existing building. The design of the structure must
take into consideration the loading of the solar PV system installation, just like any other
equipment mounted onto a building structure, all relevant building codes and safety codes of Abu
Dhabi need to be followed.

For existing buildings, a professional competent structural engineer or consultant may be required
for calculation of the structural loading. Check if the roof is able to withstand the loading of the
solar PV system, Architectural & Structural documents need to be submitted to the municipality of
Abu Dhabi for approval before commencement of installation works.

Structures and or PV module frames must be properly grounded.

Earthing Protection

Connection of parts of a PV system to earth affects:

 The electric shock risk to people in the vicinity of the installation
 The risk of fire under fault conditions
 Transmission of lightning induced surges
 Electromagnetic interference

Two types of connection to earth need consideration:

a) Earthing of exposed conductive parts (e.g. the array frame)
b) System earths – where an array output cable is connected to earth.

Refer Electricity Wiring regulation by the RSB for the compliance

Lightning and surge protection

Lightning can cause damage either from a direct strike or from surges due to a nearby strike.
Induced surges are the more likely cause of lightning damage in the majority of installations,
especially in rural areas if the electricity supplies are by long overhead lines. Surges may be
induced on both the PV array conductors and the a.c. cables leading to the building.

Where there is a perceived increase in risk of direct strike as a consequence of the installation of
the PV system, specialists in lightning protection should be consulted with a view to installing a
separate lightning protection system.

It is generally accepted that the installation of a typical roof-mounted PV system presents a very
small increased risk of a direct lightning strike. However, this may not necessarily be the case
where the PV system is particularly large, where the PV system is installed on the top of a tall
building, where the PV system becomes the tallest structure in the vicinity, or where the PV
system is installed in an open area such as a field.

Structures and PV module frames must be properly grounded.

16
AC system

All the AC systems starting from the output from the Inverter is considered AC , present
Distribution company standards & practices of Emirates of Abu Dhabi to be followed. Refer
Electricity Wiring regulation by the RSB for the compliance.

Metering

As a minimum, metering at the inverter output should be installed to display/record energy

delivered by the PV system(kWh). Metering arrangements shall be made by the customer in
consultation with the DISCO’s –distribution utility keeping in view customer metering regulations
by RSB.

Annual energy performance warranties

As a best practice owners of the solar PV system could insist on the Annual Performance
warranties for their specific roof. An energy performance warranty guaranties that the system will
perform consistently over a period of time. This is particularly helpful in ensuring that the
customer receives the savings that they expect. Adequate metering to verify the system power
output and energy generation is necessary to help the system owner understand whether the
system is operating properly, or has warranty-related performance issues.

It is expected that a Solar Roof Top in Abu Dhabi can typically generate an expected yield of 1600
kWh/kWp/Annum to 1700 kWh/kWp/Annum .

General Technical Requirements

1. The Guidelines require the project proponents, electrical contractors etc., to strictly adhere to
the existing Abu Dhabi, Electricity Wiring Regulations by the RSB.

2. The Use of 100% imported kits (complete PV systems kits) will not be permitted. However, use
of imported components of PV system could be permitted, subjected to adequate disclosure
and compliance to specified quality norms, approvals and standards.

3. ADWEA guidelines with respect to Solar Systems or Solar Components are herewith given in
this document and ADWEA reserves the right to add or modify the same from time to time.

Performance Optimization
1. To encourage technology development and reduction in the cost of the PV power plant
projects, the PV power project developers are expected to utilize the state of the art
technology to set up the plants. They are expected to use higher efficiency and higher power
output per square meter PV modules available in setting up the power plant.

2. Qualified PV modules, to be used in grid interactive power plants, in accordance the above
guidelines .

3. The electronics, cables, controls, structures etc. must qualify to electricity wiring regulation by
the RSB or other standards which are acceptable to Disco’s, which shall fulfill all safety norms
for grid power projects.

4. The PV power project developers are required to optimize generation of electricity in terms of
kWh generated per kWp of PV capacity installed vis-à-vis available solar radiation at the site
(may be obtained through use of efficient electronics, lower cable losses, maximization of

17
 power transfer from PV modules to electronics and the grid, maximization of
power generation by enhancing incident radiation by optional methods like tilt
angles maintaining the plant by frequent cleaning of solar modules etc.).

5. The gird interactive solar PV plant may be connected preferably to 400V in LV .However, in
case of higher power output the choice of grid voltage may be determined in consultation with
the concerned utility.

6. PV power project developers will be required to maintain and provide to ADWEA / Distribution
company technical information on performance of system, solar radiation availability, hours of
sunshine, duration of plant operation and the quantum of power fed to the grid. The project
developer will install suitable instruments, meters and data loggers for this purpose.

Remote Monitoring System ( Typically > 20kWp)

1. The PV power project developers shall install suitable instruments and make adequate
arrangements to remote monitor the performance and ensure satisfactory operation of the grid
connected PV power plants.

2. The concerned agencies may also visit the project site and provide their feedback and
recommendation / suggestions to ADWEA.

3. All PV power plant projects will be open to inspection by the officials from ADWEA,RSB,
concerned agency and any independent organization appointed by ADWEA for performance
monitoring.

4. The ADWEA may also undertake field evaluation studies for any of the grid interactive solar PV
plants through professional and independent organizations.

6. Review
This document could be reviewed by ADWEA at an interval 6 months or yearly any modifications
therein could be incorporated by the ADWEA. In addition to this, a platform for experts to discuss
best practices, debate over issues to overcome bottlenecks and provide effective suggestions for
ensuring wide spread solar solutions deployment could be supported by ADWEA.

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 ANNEXURE-1

Solar PV Module Eligibility Listing Procedure:

Solar PV Modules used in Abu Dhabi must be listed on the ADWEA compliant approved module list
for grid connected system administered utilities.

The process for adding PV modules to the ADWEA list is as follows:

1. General: Data submitted to ADWEA could be made public.

2. The factory measured maximum power of module and the lower bound of the manufacturer’s
stated tolerance range must be no less than 95% of the Maximum Power reported to ADWEA
through the certificates submitted.

3. The manufacturer gets their product certified to the standards described in Electrical Wiring
regulations. The “List of Eligible Compliant Solar Photovoltaic Modules” will only include unique
model numbers specified in the certification.

4. The manufacturer fills out the equipment approval application form, found here:
http://www.adwea.ae/eng/register.html

5 . The manufacturer emails a copy of the certification indicating authorization to apply

All documentation must be in English –or legally translated in to English and Arabic.

6.ADWEA reserves the right to approve or reject any Solar Module without any further information
or explanation.

7. The PV module eligibility list is updated monthly. The cut‐off date for the monthly update is the
15th day of the preceding month; all documentation must be submitted before this date.

8. Private labeling of PV modules: Some businesses wish to private label PV modules for another
manufacturer however the final decision either to include the module or not is of ADWEA.

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 ANNEXURE-2

Solar PV Inverter Eligibility Listing Procedure:

The Solar PV Inverters used in Abu Dhabi must be listed on the ADWEA compliant approved
Inverter list for grid connected system administered utilities.

The process for adding PV Inverter to the ADWEA list is as follows:

1. General: Data submitted to ADWEA could be made public.

2. The factory measured parameters of inverter to be reported to ADWEA.

3. The manufacturer gets their product certified to the standards described in Electrical Wiring
regulations.

The “List of Eligible ADWEA Guidelines Compliant Photovoltaic Inverters” will only include unique
model numbers specified in the certification.

4. The manufacturer fills out the equipment approval application form, found here:
http://www.adwea.ae/eng/register.html

5. The manufacturer emails a copy of the certification indicating authorization to apply

All documentation must be in English –or legally translated in to English .

6. ADWEA reserves the right to approve or reject any Solar Inverter without any further
information or explanation.

7. The PV Inverter eligibility list is updated monthly. The cut‐off date for the monthly update is the
15th day of the preceding month; all documentation must be submitted before this date.

8. Some businesses wish to private label PV Inverters for another manufacturer however the final
decision either to include or not is of ADWEA.

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 ANNEXURE-3

System Integrator Eligibility Listing Procedure

The Solar PV System Integrator’s in Abu Dhabi must be listed on the ADWEA compliant approved
System Integrator list for grid connected system administered by utilities.

The process for adding Solar PV System Integrator to the list is as follows:

1. General: Data submitted to ADWEA could be made public.

2. The company establishment proof’s in Abu Dhabi to be submitted to ADWEA.

3. The System Integrator fills out the approval application form, found here:
http://www.adwea.ae/eng/register.html

4. The System Integrator emails a copy of the certification. All documentation must be in English
–or legally translated in to English.

5. ADWEA reserves the right to approve or reject any System Integrator without any further
information or explanation.

6 . The System Integrator eligibility list is updated monthly. The cut‐off date for the monthly
update is the 15th day of the preceding month; all documentation must be submitted before this
date.

7 . Some businesses wish to outsource the activity to another System Integrator or Contractor
however the final decision either to accept the System Integrator or Contractor is of ADWEA.

Non‐exhaustive list of institutes for Solar PV training:

• Solar Energy International-USA

• Boots on the Roof-USA
• Renewable Energy Academy-UK
• RENAC renewables academy-Germany
• Fraunhofer ‐ ISE, Institute für Solar Energie systeme -Germany

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 ANNEXURE-4
Design & Installation Check List
The following checklist is a brief detail that could be helpful if you have decided to install solar PV
system in your premises.

Sl No Design & Installation Check list Check

1 Select a location
2 Determine the energy requirement and estimate the size
of the system.

3 Perform a site survey for space requirements, and access for

maintenance.
4 Engage a licensed System Integrator or electrical.

The appointed System Integrator or Contractor will be responsible for

the design and implementation of the connection of your solar PV
system to the electrical installation and/or power grid.

5 Select solar PV module type and mounting method.

i) Number of PV Modules needed
ii) Type

6 Select inverter to match PV array:

i) Number of inverters needed;
ii) Select inverter type; and
iii) Location of inverters (accessible for inspection and
maintenance).

7 Finalise the Solar Modules mounting system(mechanical structure)

8 Ensure there are fixing and mounting points available.
9 Ensure the structure for mounting is safe:
i) Additional loading by solar PV system is considered;
ii) Wind loading is considered; and
iii) Waterproofing is not compromised during installation.

10 Ensure solar system access:

i) Ensure location to be mounted will get maximum
exposure to sunlight; and
ii) Choose a location that is not shaded.

11 Ensure all PV modules connected to the same inverter

face the same direction or use multiple mppt tracking inverters.

12 Ensure PV modules are mounted at an incline (10 to 20 degrees)

13 Ensure sufficient ventilation space behind the PV array for

cooling purposes.

14 Ensure:
i) Cabling used meet sufficient current-carrying capacity

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 and are suitably rated for usage in the environment;
ii) DC cables are single-core and double-insulated; and
iii) Cable insulation on outdoor cables must withstand
high temperature and UV exposure for an estimated
period of more than 20 years.

Note: PVC and XLPE cables are inadequate on the DC side and must
not be exposed to the weather elements.

15 Determine if a Lightning Protection System is needed.

16 Ensure the PV module frame is earthed.
17 Finalise the Inverter and AC wiring system.

Note: The system should be in compliance with all applicable building

and electrical codes and wiring regulation.

18 During installation:
i) PV system should be installed by qualified/experienced
installers;
ii) Safety rules must be observed;
iii) Installer must wear safety protection equipment PPE;
and
iv) Only proper certified safety equipment can be used
e.g. scaffolding, stepladders, etc.

19 Cables must be properly connected, secured, and routed.

20 Ensure continuity and insulation tests are done.
21 Completion of testing and system commissioning by PV engineer.
22 Proper system drawings , documentation/manual handover to be
collected.
23 Ensure the design meets local utility interconnection requirements
24 Have final inspections completed by the Utility

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 ANNEXURE-5

Preventive Maintenance
It is recommended that preventive inspection and maintenance works are carried out every Three
to Six months. The PV modules require routine visual inspection for signs of damage, dirt build-up
or shade encroachment. Solar PV system fixtures must be checked for corrosion. This is to ensure
that the solar PV system is safely secured.

While the inverter’s functionality can be remotely verified, only on-site inspection can verify the
state of Modules, equipment’s, cable connections, and circuit breakers.

The following table shows some recommendations on the preventive maintenance works on the
components and equipment, and the corresponding remedial actions that can be carried out by
qualified personnel.

Equipment Description Remedy/Action

PV modules Check for dust/debris on surface of PV Wipe clean. Do not use any
module solvents other than water

Check for physical damage to PV module Recommend for replacement

if found, cracked or damaged
Check for loose cable terminations between Retighten connection use
PV modules, PV arrays, etc. connectors
Check for cable conditions Replace cable as necessary

PV inverter Check functionality, e.g. automatic Recommend replacement if

disconnection upon loss of grid power supply, defect in functionality.
Display
Check ventilation condition Clear dust and dirt in
ventilation system or provide
ventilation
Check for loose cable terminations Tighten connection
Abnormal operating temperature Check for replacement
Cabling Check for cable conditions i.e. wear Replace cable if necessary
and tear, burn outs
Check cable terminals for burnt marks, hot Tighten connections or
spots or loose connections recommend replacement
Junction boxes Check cable terminals e.g. wear and tear Tighten or recommend
or loose connections replacement
Check for physical damage if any Recommend replacement
Check for warning notices or Stickers Replace warning notice or
stickers if necessary
Means of Check functionality if defective Recommend replacement
isolation
Earthing of solar Check earthing cable conditions Troubleshoot or recommend
PV system replacement
Check the physical earthing connection Retighten connection

Check continuity of the cable to electrical Troubleshoot or recommend

earth Replacement

Bonding of the Check bonding cable conditions Troubleshoot or recommend

exposed metallic replacement

24
structure of
solar PV system
and to lightning
earth
Check physical bonding connection Tighten connection
Check continuity of bonding to lightning to Troubleshoot or
earth replacement

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 ANNEXURE-6

Solar PV System Process Chart

START Owner: Select approved Solar System Integrator for Contact ADDC/AADC.
Solar PV Installation www.addc.ae
www.aadc.ae

Get a Project design proposal from System Integrator for

your roof location

Get Generation license from RSB (exempted) Contact : RSB .

www.rsb.gov.ae
Note: See details in section 2.1

Apply online for permit in Municipality for services (e.g. Contact :

Approval of Architectural & Structural) for existing or ADM/AAM/WRM .
new building. www.adm.gov.ae
am.abudhabi.ae

Apply for connection of Solar PV system to Grid in Contact:ADDC/AADC.

ADDC/AADC www.addc.ae
www.aadc.ae
Fill application as a Generation Source in LDN

Get the initial approvals and start the construction of Refer Guidelines from
Solar PV System .Follow the Guidelines and the Wiring ADWEA and Electricity
Regulations. Wiring Regulation- RSB.

After installation of the system, before connecting the Contact ADDC/AADC.

Solar PV System to the Grid : Inspection is required from www.addc.ae
ADDC/ADDC and fixing of meter through the process. www.aadc.ae

END Owner: To get As-Build Drawings, O&M Manuals and Installation of specific
relevant training from the System Integrator. ADDC/AADC meter

------END-----

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