Agriculture Supply Chain: A Systematic Review of Literature and Implications For Future Research

Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies
Agriculture supply chain: a systematic review of literature and implications for future research
Srikanta Routroy, Astajyoti Behera,
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Agriculture Supply Chain: A Systematic Review of Literature and Implications for Future
Research
Abstract
Purpose –The purpose of this paper is to review the Agriculture Supply Chain (ASC) literature
along many dimensions those include but not restricted to scope, objective, wastages, area,
obstacle, outcome etc.
Design/methodology/approach –Two hundred three relevant and scholarly articles of various

researchers and practitioners during 2000-2016 were reviewed. The information related to
definition, research methodology, global research spread, supply chain strategy, various types of
produce, author profile and year of publication of ASC were collected and analyzed.
Findings –The information related to empirical research and viewpoint of various ASC areas
were captured, studied and analyzed in detail. Although inventory policy, demand forecasting
and ASC integration were found to be important areas of ASC, but they were less focused,
studied and researched.
Research limitation/implication – Mainly post-harvest ASC of different agricultural produces
were considered whereas products like dairy, fishery and meat supply chain were not included in
the study.
Practical implication – This literature review has identified and detailed many issues relevant to
ASC and can provide a platform for future research to build an effective and efficient ASC.
Originality/value – The paper provides an insight into various aspects of ASC in general and
one can get a deeper and richer knowledge on it which will help in formulating effective
strategies to design of an effective and efficient ASC. It uncovers the research gaps for the new
future research paths. This systemic review is strongly felt to fill the gap in the ASC literature.
Keywords – Agriculture supply chain, food supply chain, traceability, perishable produce,
agriculture supply chain literature review, fresh produce supply chain, post-harvest loss.
Paper type – Literature review
1. Introduction
Agriculture and farming dates back thousands of years. In 10,000 BC, the first agricultural
revolution happened, which is also known as Neolithic Revolution, and humans transitioned
from hunting and gathering to settled agriculture. In the latest agricultural revolution from 1943
to late 1970s, also known as Green Revolution (i.e. a series of research, development of
technology, management of agriculture and industrialized agriculture production which had
happened all over the world). The ASC concept has been in use for 1000 years but it is only
popularised after the development of Supply Chain Management (SCM) by Keith Oliver, a
consultant at Booz Allen Hamilton (Blanchard, 2010; and Sees, 2013). The Council of Supply
Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP, 2005) defines SCM as an integrating function with
primary responsibility for linking major business functions and business processes within and
across companies into a cohesive and high-performing business model. Over the years, the
definition of SCM have been modified but still limited to manufactured products and services
with a little attention being paid towards agriculture. Agriculture produce constitutes a major part
of the world economy and is the raw material for many industries (Shukla and Jharkharia, 2013).
Subsequently SCM was embraced for agricultural development purposes.

According to Chandrasekaran and Raghuram (2014), Agricultural Supply Chain Management
(ASCM) includes a number of processes such as supply management, production management
and demand management to ultimately satisfy the customers through a competitive distribution
channel. Tsolakis et al. (2014) has covered all the aspects of ASC in his definition and defined
ASC as a set of activities in a “farm-to-fork” sequence including farming (i.e. land cultivation
and production of crops), processing/production, testing, packaging, warehousing, transportation,
distribution, and marketing. The different terminologies for ASC, used by different authors in
their research work are food supply chain (Bosona and Gebresenbet, 2013; Aung and Chang
2014a; Chen 2015; Etemadnia et al., 2015; Blizkovsky and Berendes, 2016; and Zirham and
Palomba, 2016), agriculture value chain (Ali, 2012; Minten et al., 2014; and Brewin, 2016),
postharvest supply chain (Morris et al., 2001; Rolle, 2006a; Sivakumar and Wall, 2013; Bill et
al., 2014; and Mvumi et al., 2016), fruit supply chain (Herlambang et al., 2006; Savino et al.,
2015; and Glowacz and Rees, 2016), agri business supply chain (Kirsten and Sartorius, 2002;
Husti, 2006; Rao, 2007; Bhagat and Dhar, 2011), perishable produce supply chain (Sarker et al.,
2000; Govindan et al., 2014; Rijpkema et al., 2014; and Yared et al., 2014), fresh produce
supply chain (Cai et al., 2010; Kaipia et al., 2013; Shukla and Jharkharia, 2013;Mahajan et al.,
2014; Yan et al., 2015; Glowacz and Rees, 2016), horticulture supply chain (Dolan and
Humphrey, 2000; Barrientos et al., 2003; Mittal, 2007; Mahajan et al., 2014). ASC with major
functions as production (cyclic in many cases), processing and distribution (continuous in nature)
are increasingly complex and dynamic in nature (Ahumada and Villalobos, 2009).
The remainder of the paper is as follows. The Section 2 presents various definition of ASC;
Section 3 deals with the ASC literature review in which review methodology is discussed in
separate sub Section 3.1; Section 4 features the descriptive analysis of the data; Section 5
includes critical analysis of the review; whereas Section 6 and Section 7 highlight the
conclusions, and limitations and future research issues respectively.
2. Various reported definitions of ASC
There is no commonly agreed definition of ASC from the date when supply chain management
concept was brought on agriculture to date. Table 1 presents various definitions of ASC given by
different authors and the difference has come as different authors have seen in different
perspectives and dimensions with varied importance along the dimensions. The definition of
ASC was evolved year after year when various researchers and practitioners merged different
field of ASC. The ASC is composed of a wide diversity due to many reasons but not restricted to
products and supply chain configurations (Bukeviciute et al., 2009), production to consumption
(Shukla and Jharkharia, 2013), animal welfare, and genetic engineering (Bosona and
Gebresenbet, 2013), food safety (Yared et al., 2014), integration (Parwez, 2014), farm-to-fork
sequence (Tsolakis et al., 2014), exchange of food from the farmer to the consumer (European
Commission, 2015) and transportation (Canfora, 2016).European Commission (2015) has briefly
discussed the different stages of activities in their definition for ASCM, such as the processing of
raw agricultural commodities as well as the checking of consumer safety standards and packing
or transport activities which add value to food products before they are sold. It was observed that
the definitions of ASC lacks in number and clarity in comparison to manufacturing supply chain
and it creates ambiguity among researchers. A few authors discussed particularly about all the
stages of ASC in their definitions although most of the authors mentioned that ASC is all about
from the production to consumption of agricultural produce. Many authors have given the
definition of ASC in general which would have been better if someone have given the specific
definition for specific types of produce i.e. perishable, semi-perishable, and non-perishable.
Confusion also arises due lack of consents regarding generic areas of ASC.
<Insert Table 1>
3. ASC literature review
ASC starts from suppliers (i.e. inbound materials and services for farm level operations) and
ends with ultimately satisfying the customers through a specific distribution channel (different
distribution channels are being adopted). Different researchers have proposed different supply
chain models for different agricultural produces. ASC includes such as dairy product, grain,
vegetable, meat/fish, flower, and fruit. From literature review, it was observed that researchers
had identified the enablers, barriers and performance indicators of ASC and proposed different
methodology for managing enablers and barriers to enhance the ASC performance. Rais and
Sheoran (2015) identified some factors affecting the performance of ASC as unavailability of
cold storage, lack of government policies, improper connectivity, unavailability of sorting and
grading technology, poor handling and packaging, unskilled labor, poor linkage in marketing
channel in terms of facilities. It was also reported in the literature that about 30-35 per cent of all
foods produced are wasted (where in India or other country or in the world, has to be mentioned)
due to lack of efficient infrastructure and food processing industry (Parwez, 2014).
All the previous literature reviews on ASC had addressed only some certain specific areas like
quality and safety (Glowacz and Rees, 2016), food loss (Yared et al., 2014), food traceability
(Bosona and Gebresenbet, 2013), logistics (Bhagat and Dhar, 2011), and marketing process
(Myoung et al., 2001). However, none of the literature reviews papers on ASC presents the type
of research methodologies, global spread of ASC research, types of agriculture produce focused
in different researches, identification of different aspects of ASC and different country specific
studies of ASC. These issues are important and needs to be studied and analyzed. Therefore,
reviews were made for 203 scholarly articles during 2000-2016 from 144 international journals
and 25 international conferences to capture information related to research contribution, research
methodology, global spread of ASC research, and identification of different important aspects of
ASC. The distribution of the reviewed paper in various journals and conferences are mentioned
in Table 2. The purpose of the literature review is to bring together and analyse significant
amount of information on different dimensions (see section 3.1 for review methodology;
section 4 for descriptive analysis of the data; and section 5 for critical analysis of literature).
<Insert Table 2>
3.1 Review methodology
In contrast to the traditional or narrative review, systematic reviews use a more rigorous and
well-defined approach to review the literature in a specific subject area. The most economic and
effective way to carry out the research is through the use of internet and various scholarly
databases. However, on the internet, one may find much information which is not non-
authenticated, non-reliable, and non-effective. Therefore, Google Scholar and ResearchGate
were used for searching for quality research papers. Initially, “agriculture supply chain” was
used as a keyword to search the research papers. After going through 25 research papers having
keyword “agriculture supply chain”, it was felt that some other keywords like “Food supply
chain”, “postharvest supply chain”, “fruit supply chain”, “agri food supply chain” and
“perishable product supply chain” should be used for the search as it was observed that these
words many times were used interchangeably. All the relevant research papers were downloaded
in a year wise manner. While searching for the papers in the keyword “food supply chain”, it was
found many papers related to processed food supply chain. But these research papers were
excluded from the literature review as the focus was only on post-harvest supply chain of
vegetable, fruit, flower, pulse, and grain. Similarly, the keyword “perishable product supply
chain” gave us a lot of paper related to fish, meat, dairy product and blood supply chain. These
papers were also excluded. Thereafter, keyword “agriculture literature review” was used and
nine papers were downloaded. These papers were studied to find out previous research timespan
and area focused in the ASC. Some of the research papers were also taken from the cross-
references of the literature reviews published in this particular field due to their influential role in
the development of ASC. From 2016 to 2000, there were 430 research papers after the first
iteration. In the second iteration, the abstract of all the research papers were studied and then, the
relevant research papers (which were published in reputed journals or international conferences)
were selected. The number of selected research papers was reduced to 203.
There exist some limitations in the search methodology. The non-availability of complete access
to some of the research articles compels us to exclude those research papers. However, the
primary databases searched for the research papers were Emerald, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis,
IEEE, Springer, Research Gate and Inderscience Publishing Groups. Authors wish to make it
clear that all the research papers reviewed may not have searched by the keywords and all the
research papers having the searched keywords may have not been reviewed.
The scholarly articles are classified into five types (i.e. viewpoint, empirical, case study,
conceptual and literature review) on the basis research methodologies. The meaning of these
research methodologies are given below:

Viewpoint: In this type of paper, content is dependent on the author's opinion and interpretation.
Empirical: In this type of paper, number of hypothesis are proposed and then tested and
validated through collected primary data.
Case study: Case studies describe actual interventions or experiences within organizations. They
may well be subjective and will not generally report on research.
Conceptual: These research papers are likely to be discursive and cover philosophical
discussions, theories, frameworks, models and comparative studies of others' work and thinking.
Literature review: It is a selective bibliography providing comprehensive information and covers
the main contributors to the development of the topic. It explores different views.
4. Descriptive analysis of the data
Some of the observations, results and discussion based on the literature review on ASC are
presented in this section.
4.1 Research methodology
Table 3 shows the different research methodologies used by various authors in their scholarly
research articles. From the table, it is clear that around half of the author has given their own
opinion and interpretation on various important aspects of the ASC. The authors suggested
various new strategies to develop different areas of ASC according to their in-depth knowledge
and experience in the field of ASC. Table 3 also reveals that 40% of the papers have tested some
hypothesis by collecting data pertaining to some specific countries’ agriculture produce. It is also
evident from the table that, there are very few studies on the extensive literature review of ASC.
<Insert Table 3>
4.2 Distribution of research papers over regional basis
As shown in Figure 1, the research papers are well distributed among all the developed and
developing countries. USA has topped the list with highest number of research paper in the time
span 2000 to 2016 followed by India. Indian scholars have worked mostly on the vegetable
supply chain like potato, tomato, mango and some of the state specific supply chain, while the
scholars from USA and UK have mostly worked on various generic issues of the ASC like
traceability, post-harvest losses, logistics, and food safety and quality. There are also many
authors from the European Nations. The ASC of the Africa continent was mostly covered by the
authors from South Africa. Most of the research is focused on post-harvest losses in the under-
developed countries of Africa and they are mostly case studies.
<Insert Figure 1>
4.3 Distribution of author profile
Unlike manufacturing supply chain where one can find many practitioners from large industries
to contribute to researches of their field, the industries in ASC are aggregated to small scale
enterprises and hardly any researchers from industries to contribute to this field. In figure 2, it is
clear that only 15.6 % of the total scholarly articles are authored by practitioners and 84.4% of
the authors are from academic background. There are many research institutes, which are only
dedicated to do research on agriculture field and different operations related to it. Therefore, the
research focus is marginal for post-harvest ASC and its losses.
<Insert Figure 2>

4.4 Distribution of research papers over time
Figure 3 represents the year wise distribution of all 203 research articles from the year 2000 to
2016. Shukla and Jharkharia (2013) showed the trend of ASC literature from the year 1991 to
2011. By combining both the trend, it is evident that research on ASC has picked up from the
beginning of the twenty-first century assuming that the research takes few years to compile and
publish. Globalization, integrated supply chains, rapid technological and institutional innovations
and environmental constraints have rapidly changed the context for agriculture’s role (Byerlee et
al., 2009). In the twenty-first century, the focus has shifted to increased agribusiness activities in
the areas of large scale organised retailing, contract farming and efficiently strengthening the
supply chain to integrate the small farmers. These days also government and many private bodies
are providing monetary help to initiate research in various field of agriculture and many more
new international journals specific to ASC has also come out.
<Insert Figure 3>
4.5 Distribution of papers by type of agriculture produces
Table 4 shows the contribution of different researchers on different types of agriculture produce.
Largely the agriculture produces can be classified into vegetable, fruit, pulse/grain and flower.
This also can be classified into perishable, semi perishable and non-perishable produce. Here, the
agriculture produces are mentioned as it appeared in the researches. From the Table 4, it is
evident that the highest number of researchers has worked on vegetable and fruit supply chain
which is also mentioned by some authors as horticulture supply chain. Some researchers were
also very particular to some specific types of fruits or vegetables like banana, grape, litchi,
mango, orange, papaya, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, chilli, mushroom, onion and potato in
their research. Researchers have identified the supply chain structures, functions, losses,
packaging material, logistics and grading, storing of these produces etc. Many quantitative data
like amount of wastage in a particular produce, amount of harvest of a produce in a particular
region, number of warehouse and grading facility in a particular region are also mentioned in
these research papers.
<Insert Table 4>

4.6 Distribution of papers by different aspects of ASC
Around 43 different aspects of ASC were identified as mentioned by various authors, which is
shown in Table 5. Food safety and quality, information and communication technologies in
ASC, logistics, postharvest losses, traceability and waste management are some of the most
important areas, where many authors have put their focus. Food safety and quality issues
generally occur due to incurring problem of food products handling processing (Chen, 2015) and
20% to 60% from the total production is lost in the food supply chain (Yared et al., 2014).
Shirani and Demichela (2015) presented a novel approach to use IT and traceability systems in
the food supply chain, using application of Radio-frequency identification (RFID) and central
database. Kristanti et al. (2016) mentioned that logistics costs in material handling activities are
77.73 % and 19.20% of the total transportation logistic costs. So, logistics always play an
important role in ASC. The availability of good road networks, temperature controlled vehicle,
efficient routing and scheduling procedure are the key performance indicator of logistics. The
post-harvest loss and quality deterioration of horticultural crops mainly occurred during
harvesting followed by marketing, transporting and storage. The highest post-harvest loss was
recorded for tomato (45.32%) followed by mango (43.53%), whereas the least post-harvest loss
i.e. 15.75% was recorded for coffee (Kasso and Bekele, 2016). To prevent or reduce the post-
harvest losses, its main causes have to be identified systematically throughout the whole ASC
(Göbel et al., 2015). The need of the hour is to develop appropriate strategy(s)/techniques and
should be implemented properly.
<Insert Table 5>
4.7 Distribution of papers according to country or continent specific studies

Table 6 presents the distribution of papers according to country or continent specific studies.
From the table, it is evident that in the continent specific articles, many authors have put their
focus on European Union (EU) in their case studies or area of concern. And in the country
specific studies, many authors have put their focus on India, China, Indonesia, and South Africa.
A total 37 different country specific studies are identified and mentioned in Table 6.
<Insert Table 6>
4.8 Distribution of papers according to agriculture produces and their geographical location
of study
Table 7 presents the distribution of papers according to agriculture produces and their
geographical location of study. It will help the researchers, who want to find the research articles
of ASC of a particular agriculture produce and of a certain geographical location. This data can
also be used to identify the location and agriculture produce which requires attention or less
evolved.
<Insert Table 7>

4.9 ASC evolutionary timeline
The work carried out on different important areas of ASC was studied and mentioned in Figure 4
along the timeline. From the timeline, it is obvious that price transmission is the least focused
area among all and food safety and quality, post-harvest losses, and traceability are the highest
researched area of ASC along the timeline. The classification of different aspects of ASC along
with timeline and cited references may be used as a broad frame of reference to develop concepts
and models useful to ASC.

<Insert Figure 4>
5. Critical analysis of the review
This section addressed the various important areas and operational issues of ASC in detail. Post-
harvest loss, food safety and quality, and perishability are found to be the major issues for ASC
whereas traceability, logistics, and information technology are found to be the main areas of
ASC.
5.1 Traceability of ASC
Traceability trend has been strengthened by several factors including increasing global demand
for food products originating from diverse sources, high incidence of food-related health hazards
and increasing concern over the impacts of genetically modified organisms on the human food
chain and the environment (Opara, 2003). Good traceability systems will help to minimize the
production and distribution of unsafe or poor quality products, thereby minimizing the potential
for bad publicity, liability, and recalls (Aung and Chang, 2014b). So traceability is becoming an
integral component of modern ASCs (Bollen et al., 2007). As agriculture produces are generally
perishable or semi perishable in nature, these are highly susceptible to deterioration of quality
due to poor post-harvest management. Bosona and Gebresenbet (2013) conducted a
comprehensive literature review on food traceability issues and pointed out the issues of
developing effective and full chain food traceability system. The various notable research work
performed on traceability. Few of them include methodology for the implementation of
traceability (Hu et al., 2013), assessment of traceability protocol in Italy (Lombardi et al., 2013),
visualization and traceability of agriculture products quality (Opara, 2003; and Zhou and Zhou,
2012), traceability of food origin for consumers (Bosona and Gebresenbet, 2011),
implementation of bulk grain supply chain traceability in the United States (Thakur and
Hurburgh, 2009), identification of traceability problems in Indian fresh produce supply chains
(Singh et al., 2009), applications of RFID and related information technologies (Kelepouris et
al., 2007; and Schuster, 2008), determination of the precision and accuracy of traceability (Riden
and Bollen, 2007), and economic functions of traceability (Hobbs, 2006). Achieving end-to-end
traceability across the supply chain is currently quite a challenge from a technical, a co-
ordination and a cost perspective (Kelepouris et al., 2007).
5.2 Post-harvest loss
Postharvest loss can be defined as the degradation in both quantity and quality of a food
production from harvest to consumption (Kiaya, 2014). Research in the area of post-harvest loss
remains underfunded and evidenced by the scarcity of scientific papers, reliable data sources,
and research initiatives examining the magnitude and reasons of postharvest losses is only for
developing countries (Genova et al., 2007). Along the supply chain, mechanical damage was
observed to be the major type of loss during harvesting (79%) and transportation (56%) while
microbial damage was observed by majority (67%) during marketing in Bagamoyo District of
Tanzania (Kereth et al., 2013). Physical loss of agriculture produce is highest for farmers i.e.
roughly twice that for middlemen and about 30% higher than retailers, while monetary loss is
highest for retailers (Genova et al., 2007). The post-harvest losses reported by different authors
for various crops are as follows, tomato - 45.32% (Kasso and Bekele, 2016), mango - 43.53%
(Kasso and Bekele, 2016), coffee – 15.75% (Kasso and Bekele, 2016), potato – 5.2% (Minten et
al., 2016 b), banana – 24 to 27% (Mvumi et al., 2016), and grapes - 16-23% (Aujla et al., 2011)
in general. Munhuweyi et al (2016) quantified the incidence of postharvest losses during

consumer simulated storage and suggested that after seven days in storage, high incidence of
postharvest losses occurred ranging from 12% under cold storage to 46% under ambient
conditions. The various country specific post-harvest loss studies reported during the literature
review are Ethiopia (Amentae et al., 2016; and Kasso and Bekele, 2016), Zimbabwe (Musasa et
al., 2013; and Mvumi et al., 2016), Tanzania (Kereth et al., 2013), South Africa (Mashau et al.,
2012), Pakistan (Aujla et al., 2011), and India (Sharma and Singh, 2011). Affognon et al. (2015)
identified in his research that inadequacy of loss assessment methodologies results in inaccurate
post-harvest losses estimation. Postharvest losses are mostly attributed to: flesh softening, decay,
physiological disorders, and improper temperature management (Bill et al., 2014). The several
factors affecting the post-harvest losses are poor infrastructure from farm to the market (Kereth
et al., 2013), unavailability of appropriate storage and transport facilities (Fehr and Romão,
2001; Aujla et al., 2011; and Musasa et al., 2013), improper packaging (Fehr and Romão, 2001;
and Aujla et al., 2011), deficiencies in the postharvest management and processing (Choudhury,
2006), lack of information management (Kader, 2004), and inadequate marketing systems
(Kereth et al., 2013; and Kader, 2004).
5.3 Food safety and quality

The fundamental difference between ASC and other supply chains is the continuous and
significant change in the quality of food products throughout the entire supply chain until the
points of final consumption (Yared et al., 2014). “Quality” is perceived and interpreted
differently by different participants along the supply chain. ASC is one of the most complex
supply chain networks due to its perishable nature and customer oriented products (Aung and
Chang, 2014b; and Yared et al., 2014), and food safety is the major concern for this industry
(Agustina et al., 2014; Tsolakis et al., 2014; and Shirani and Demichela, 2015). Food safety and
quality issues generally occur due to incurring problem of food products handling and processing
(Chen, 2015). The various quality loss of fresh produce can be respiration, weight loss, texture,
decay, storage temperature, external and internal browning, colouration, physical damage, taste,
aroma and nutritional quality (Campbell et al., 2009; Bill et al., 2014; and Glowacz and Rees,
2016). Maintaining agriculture produce quality during the supply chain depends on farm
management, harvesting practices, packing operations, postharvest treatments, temperature
management, and transportation and storage conditions (Sivakumar and Wall, 2013). Narrod et
al. (2009) suggested that the public–private partnerships can play a key role in creating farm to
fork linkages to satisfy market demands for food safety. Food safety certification for the
producer (Stringer et al., 2009) can be considered as an important characteristic for the ASC to
maintain a uniform quality of the produce. By improving the packaging system of agriculture
produces after the harvest, the quality of the fresh produce also can be maintained.
5.4 Logistics in ASC
Logistics costs in material handling activities are 77.73% and it is 19.20% of the total costs for
Soybeans (Kristanti et al., 2016). In China, the logistics cost of agricultural products takes up
40% of the total cost. For fresh agricultural products, this figure is up to 60% (Tan, 2012). From
the above data, it is evident that the calculated logistical costs by different authors are not
consistent enough as they have used different methods to collect the data and also from country
to country the cost may vary. Poor logistical support services are exerting tremendous impact to
the current proportion of postharvest losses (Dome and Prusty, 2016) and food insecurity is the
result of the blockage of transportation routes, rather than actual shortages of food (Smith et al.,
2016). Govindan et al. (2014) introduced a two-echelon location–routing problem with time-
windows (2E-LRPTW) for sustainable supply chain network design and optimizing economical
and environmental objectives in a perishable produce supply chain network. Bosona and
Gebresenbet (2011) investigated the local food supply chain characteristics and developed a
coordinated distribution system to improve logistics efficiency by the location analysis, and route
analysis. The main weaknesses in the performance of European organic supply chains are high
logistics and transportation costs (Stolze et al., 2007). McKinnon et al. (2003) worked on logistic
efficiency and benchmarked the efficiency of the road transport. Some of the challenges faced by
the logistic service are damage of road due to overloading of vehicle, traffic congestion in highly
populous countries like china, India and Bangladesh, unavailability of all-weather road to every
part of the country including the rural areas, sluggish road conveyance system and poor rapid
connectivity to main ports and harbours.
5.5 Perishability
Compared to any other supply chains, ASC is more complex and difficult to manage because of
the Perishability nature of the agriculture produces (Aung and Chang, 2014b). After harvest
agriculture produce are impacted by the microbial, chemical and physiological processes that
lead to deterioration of the of the freshness value of the produce. So, the inventory policy
decisions at each tier in the supply chain of fresh vegetables depend upon the short shelf life
period. The challenges arise during the handling of perishable agriculture produce are: short shelf
life, lack of temperature control or appropriate facilities for storage and transportation, wastages
and pricing pressures (Chandrasekaran and Raghuram, 2014). In order to retain the Perishability
of the produce, the cleaning, grading, preservation centres, chilling centres, and processing
facilities can be shifted near to the farm. Perishable produce can always be preferred for direct
marketing through wholesale market to reduce the distance between farm and fork. The
perishable supply chain of fruits, vegetables, and flowers are mentioned by various researchers.
5.6 Information technology in ASC
Information technology (IT) plays a key role in conceptualizing, designing, and developing
innovative ways for making the ASC more efficient and responsive. IT also acts as an enabler for
the traceability system in ASC. E-procurement system is gaining popularity with the
development of internet technologies. It enables the farmers and vendors to integrate and
streamline the entire procurement process of agriculture produce, thereby improving the
efficiency and responsiveness. Indian Tobacco Company Limited (ITC)’s E-Choupal and Indian
Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited (IFFCO)’s e-procurement system is making an impact in
the competitiveness of Indian agriculture. With the cheap availability of smartphones and
internet facility, real time information related to weather and market price are readily available to
farmer. Mobile phones can also serve as early warning systems to mitigate agricultural risks and
safeguard the agriculture incomes (Chandrasekaran and Raghuram, 2014). Marico, a leading
company in the edible oil sector, is encouraging farmers, processors and vendors to use the
mobile technology for sharing the pricing information. It is helping the company to decide its
procurement strategy from different stakeholders. These days some large companies are
implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) to execute and manage internal business
processes efficiently.
6. Conclusions
This study compiles and analyzes various recent developments, challenges, goals and scope of
ASC and also presents a review of 203 research papers on ASC during 2000-2016. The review
focuses on research contribution, research methodologies, regional importance, author profile,

type of agriculture produces, and different aspects of ASC. The findings drawn from the current
study are mentioned below:
• Most of the research papers are found to be empirical and viewpoint based with an equal
distribution. Only few researchers have carried out literature review on ASC. Research on
ASC is being conducted all across the globe including developed, emerging and under
developed countries. However USA leads the research with more number of publications
followed by India, UK and Netherland.
• The research in ASC has picked up from the beginning of twenty-first century. The focus
is always in the areas of perishability, food safety and quality, application of IT in ASC,
logistics and post-harvest loss. Large scale organised retailing, contract farming and
strengthening the small farmers are always seen as an important attributes for developing
the ASC.
• Agriculture produces are categorized into perishable, semi-perishable and non-perishable.
Vegetables, fruits, flowers and all other horticulture products are coming under the
perishable category. Due to very short shelf life of perishable agriculture produce, proper
inventory policy, processing, grading and logistic facility has to be arranged for its
handling in order to enhance the effective and efficiency of Indian ASC.
• Research in the area of post-harvest loss creates lot of ambiguity among the researchers
as different authors have given different value for post-harvest loss. A group of authors
have never came to a conclusion or never proposed a standard framework to calculate the
post-harvest loss. The study on the post harvest losses should be carried in specific and
the results of losses should be mentioned along with region of the study carried out, the
details of agriculture produce, the time of study, the status of the logistical infrastructure
etc.
• Role of government plays an important role in ASC. As it is a labour intensive sector and
produces lot of employment in developing countries like India, government has to
identify right areas for putting efforts and investment. Once the right areas are identified,
the appropriate strategy (s) should be developed, implemented and monitored on real
time basis so the productivity of ASC will be enhanced.
• The basic five members of ASC are farmer, processor, distributor, retailer and end user
(customer). But many researchers customized the ASC by adding or deleting members
depending upon the particular types of crops, place of production, market environment,
available logistics infrastructure etc.
• The volatility of weather conditions, perishability of goods, complex food safety
regulatory environment, changing demands of the market, factors affecting price
transmission and environmental concerns are the basic challenges to ASC. The price
spread (difference between the price at which farmer sells the agriculture produce to
immediate middle man and the price at which customer purchases it) is a significant
concern as it has a direct impact on farmer’s income in developing countries like India.
7. Limitations and future research issues
Although the current research on ASCM is promising, it is being mostly conducted only for
country specific and agricultural produce specific. But not a single researcher has ever put their
focus on how the change of environment will affect the various areas of ASCM. Here, the word
environment means the geographical area, climate, temperature, rainfall etc which are the most
important factors that drive the ASCM.
• Some of the quality paper related to ASC or on its actors may have been left out of this
review because of the limitations in the search methodology. Mainly post-harvest ASC
was taken into consideration through out of our research. Agriculture/perishable products
like dairy, fishery, and meat supply chain were excluded from our scope of research.
• As many authors have given their own opinion and suggested some ASC structure/
configuration for specific type of produce, these are creating ambiguity. Therefore, before
selecting any ASC configuration in a specific environment, a detail analysis of different
feasible ASC configuration has to be carried out. It is obvious that it is not possible to
find the optimized ASC structure/configuration for different types of crops as factors
affecting it change with environment.
• ASC is one of the most complex supply chain networks. Therefore future research lies in
integrating different members or stages of the supply chain which generally lacks in the
current ASC in general and developing countries like India in specific.

• Various researchers have identified the challenges in every dimension of ASC although
the number is not high. But a few researchers have used these data in any decision
making problems or developing ASC framework.
• With the globalization of the market place, E-commerce in agriculture has to be given
importance in ASC research which is the need of the hour. More research is also required
in the field of price spread, demand and inventory management of perishable produce,
and sustainability of ASC.

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Biographical Notes:
SRIKANTA ROUTROY has received Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering from
College of Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar and Master of Technology in Industrial
Engineering and Management from IIT, Kharagpur. He has completed his PhD in the area of
supply chain management from Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani. At
present, he is working as Associate Professor (Mechanical Engineering Department) in Birla
Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani. His research interests are in the areas of supply
chain management, production and operations management, evolutionary computation and
manufacturing management.
ASTAJYOTI BEHERA has received his Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering
from Vel Tech Dr. RR & Dr. SR Technical University, Chennai with a University Second Rank
and has completed his Master’s degree in Manufacturing Systems Engineering from Birla
Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani. His research interests lies mainly in the area
of Lean and Agile Manufacturing and Agriculture Supply Chain Management.

Figure 1 Number of research papers published from different countries (as per first author)
Figure 2 Distribution of author profile

Figure 3 Year wise distribution of reviewed paper

Figure 4 ASC evolutionary timeline

Table 1 Definitions of ASC
Author(s) Definition of ASC

Canfora, 2016 ASC is the goal of attaining “sustainable agriculture”, through the reduction of
transportation costs and consequently of CO2 emissions.
European Commission Food supply chain (FSC) is stated as the direct exchange of food from the
2015 farmer to the consumer, or the different stages of activities such as the
processing of raw agricultural commodities as well as the checking of
consumer safety standards and packing or transport activities which add value
to food products before they are sold.
Kusumastuti et al., 2016 ASC is supply chains of products of agricultural origin.
Tsolakis et al., 2014 Agri-food supply chains (AFSC) is a set of activities in a “farm-to-fork”
sequence including farming (i.e. land cultivation and production of crops),
processing/production, testing, packaging, warehousing, transportation,
distribution, and marketing
Parwez, 2014 Agricultural supply chain starts from the input to the consumer, requires
integration in order to achieve the objective of an efficient and effective
supply chain mechanism.
Yared et al., 2014 FSC is a sequence of operations that is concerned about the perishable nature
of the produce, high fluctuations in demand and prices, increasing consumer
concerns for food safety and dependence on climate conditions.
Bosona and FSC is stated as a mechanism that adequately provide information of
Gebresenbet, 2013 consumers, variety of the food attributes, country of origin, animal welfare,
and genetic engineering related issues.
Shukla and Jharkharia, FSC is defined as the processes from the production to consumption of fresh
2013 produce (fruits, flowers and vegetables).
Bukeviciute et al., 2009 FSC is defined as a wide diversity of products and companies which operate
in different markets and sell a variety of food products.
Table 2 Distribution of the reviewed paper in various journals and conferences
Journal Number of %
references
Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 9 3.6
Postharvest Management of Fruit and Vegetables in the Asia-Pacific Region 8 3.2
Biosystems Engineering 7 2.8
British Food Journal 7 2.8
Food Control 6 2.4
International Journal of Production Economics 6 2.4
Agriproduct Supply-Chain Management in Developing Countries 4 1.6
Quantifying the agri-food supply chain 4 1.6
Agricultural Economics Research Review 3 1.2

Food Policy 3 1.2
International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 3 1.2
International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 3 1.2
KnE Life Sciences 3 1.2
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 3 1.2
World Development 3 1.2
Doctoral Dissertation 2 0.8
Others International Journal 143 57.2
International Conferences 33 13.2
Total 250 100.0
Table 3 Research Methodologies in ASC
Sl. No. Type of Methodology No. of References %

1 View point 109 43.6
2 Empirical 102 40.8
3 Case study 17 6.8
4 Conceptual 13 5.2
5 Literature review 9 3.6
Total 250 100
Table 4 Distribution of references by types of agriculture produces

Type of Agriculture References

Avocado Kumar et al. (2016), Bill et al. (2014)
Baby corn Rattanachai et al. (2012)
Banana Roibás et al. (2016), Mvumi et al. (2016), Heenkenda & Chandrakumara (2016),
Mashau et al. (2012), Kuntarsih et al. (2007), Basuki et al. (2004), Singgih and
Woods (2004)
Bean Narrod et al. (2009), Riasi (2015)
Broccoli Riasi (2015)
Cauliflower Herlambang et al. (2006)
Cabbage Munhuweyi et al. (2016)
Chestnut Savino et al. (2015)
Chili Riasi (2015),
Cocoa Rifin (2015), Dulcire (2012)
Coffee Dome & Prusty (2016), Banker and Mitra (2007)
Cotton Fayet and Vermeulen, (2014)
Durian Nanthachai, (2000)
Endive Rediers et al. (2009)
Flower Kasso and Bekele (2016), Minten et al. (2016 a), Riasi, (2015)
Fruit Suryaningrat (2016), Hernández-Rubio et al. (2016), Zirham and Palomba (2016),
Etemadnia et al. (2015), Rais and Sheoran (2015), Kereth et al. (2013),
Trienekens et al. (2008), Kalaitzis et al. (2007), Van and Maspero (2007),
Buurma et al. (2006), Karaan et al. (2005), Ortmann (2005), Batt (2003),
Barrientos et al. (2003), Ferto and Szabó, (2002), Feng, (2001), Fehr and Romão
(2001)
Grain Brewin (2016), Sachan et al. (2005)
Grape Aujla et al. (2011), Blackburn and Scudder (2009)
Litchi Kumar et al. (2016), Hoan et al. (2000)
Mango Gopalakrishnan (2013), Msogoya and Kimaro (2011), Zúñiga-Arias et al. (2009),
Campbell et al. (2009), Léchaudel and Joas (2007), , Ledger and Kernot (2003)
Mangosteen Astuti (2016), Astuti et al. (2013)
Melon Blackburn and Scudder (2009), Wei et al. (2003), Morris et al. (2001)
Milk Kaipia et al. (2013), Gorton et al. (2006)
Mushroom McRoberts et al. (2003)
Onion Sidhu et al. (2010)
Orange Defraeye et al. (2016),Kumar et al. (2016), Musasa et al. (2013)
Papaya Sivakumar and Wall (2013)
Pineapple Hotegni et al. (2014), Amador et al. (2009), Van et al. (2009)
Potato Minten et al. (2016 b), Minten et al. (2014), Lombardi et al. (2013), Haverkort
and Verhagen (2008), Yakovleva, (2007), Vasileiou and Morris (2006), Bunte
(2006), Anand (2002), Vorley, (2001)
Soybean Kristanti et al. (2016)
Strawberry Rijpkema et al. (2014), Jeong et al. (2011)

Sugarcane Lamsal et al. (2016), Nicolaas et al. (2012)
Sweet corn Ledger and Kernot (2003)
Sweet pepper Schipmann and Qaim (2011), Hewett (2003)
Teff Minten et al. (2016 a), Amentae et al. (2016)
Tomato Aramyan et al. (2007), Concepcion and Digal (2006), Wijnands (2001)
Vegetable Dome and Prusty (2016), Hernández-Rubio et al. (2016), Kasso and Bekele
(2016), Mvumi et al. (2016), Guritno et al. (2015), Mahajan et al. (2014), Ali
(2012), Amador et al. (2009), Stringer et al. (2009), Asfaw (2008), Kuntarsih et
al. (2007), Mittal (2007), Xue et al. (2007), Cadilhon et al. (2006), Rolle, (2006
a), Concepcion and Digal (2006), Concepcion (2005), Morgan et al. (2004),
Barrientos et al. (2003), Hewett (2003), Manalili (2003), Vorley (2001),
Nanthachai (2000),
Table 5 Distribution of references by different aspects of ASC
Area Focused References

Agricultural Supply Chain Risk Astuti et al. (2013), Olsson and Skjöldebrand (2008)
management
Agriculture E-Commerce Pool (2001), O'Keeffe (2001)
ASC collaboration Nicolaas et al. (2012), Kalaitzis et al. (2007), Matopoulo et al. (2007)
ASC design strategy Tsolakis et al. (2014), Bastian and Zentes (2013), Blackburn and
Scudder (2009), Kuntarsih et al. (2007), Concepcion and Digal
(2006), Herlambang et al. (2006), Wei et al. (2003), Sarker et al.
(2000)
ASC governance Zhang and Aramyan (2009), Dolan and Humphrey (2000)
Challenges in ASC Park et al. (2016), Roibás et al. (2016), Smith et al. (2016), Hotegni
et al. (2014), Parwez (2014), Ruteri (2009), Singh et al. (2009),
Haverkort and Verhagen (2008), Stringer and Hall (2007), Ménard
and Klein (2004)
Cold Chain Management Minten et al. (2014), Kiaya (2014), Fatehpuria (2013), Rediers et al.
(2009)
Competitiveness in ASC Brewin (2016), Wijnands (2001)
Contract farming Arumugam et al. (2010), Kirsten and Sartorius (2002)
Co-ordination in ASC Cai et al. (2010), Mikkola (2008)
Demand management Verdouw et al. (2010), Taylor and Fearne (2006)
Food Processing Kusumastuti et al. (2016), Singh et al. (2008), Rolle (2006 b),
Forsman and Paananen (2002)
Food safety and quality Glowacz and Rees (2016), Hernández-Rubio et al. (2016), Aung and
Chang (2014a), Aung and Chang (2014b), Sivakumar and Wall
(2013), Zhou and Zhou (2012), Chang and Griffith (2011), Campbell
et al. (2009), Hammoudi et al. (2009), Zúñiga-Arias et al. (2009),
Asfaw (2008), Olsson and Skjöldebrand (2008), Buurma et al. (2006),
Manning et al. (2006), Rahemi (2006), Sonneveld (2006), Stolze et
al. (2007), Morgan et al. (2004), Alexander and Peacock (2000)
Globalization of ASC Roth et al. (2008)
Harvesting method Kusumastuti et al. (2016), Dulcire (2012), Hewett (2006), Hoan et al.
(2000)
Information and Communication Shirani and Demichela (2015), Kaloxylos et al. (2013), Parwez
Technologies in ASC (2014), Ali and Kumar (2011), Verloop et al. (2009), Matani (2007),
Rao (2007), Gorton et al. (2006), Dresner et al. (2001), Ghisi and Da
Silva (2001),
Knowledge Management Ledger and Kernot (2003), McRoberts et al. (2003)
Linkage between drivers of ASC Clements et al. (2008), Vinning and Young (2006), Batt (2003),
Manalili (2003)
Logistics Defraeye et al. (2016), Kristanti et al. (2016), Kumar et al. (2016),
Lamsal et al. (2016), Minten et al. (2016 a), Etemadnia et al. (2015),
Yan et al. (2015), Govindan et al. (2014), Rattanachai et al. (2012),
Tan (2012), Bosona and Gebresenbet (2011), Bhagat and Dhar
(2011), Van and Maspero (2007), Cadilhon et al. (2006), Hsiao et al.
(2006), Sirivatanapa (2006), Ortmann (2005), Van der Vorst et al.
(2005), McKinnon et al. (2003)
Marketing channel Gopalakrishnan (2013), Abatekassa and Peterson (2011), Schipmann
and Qaim (2011), Rolle (2006 a), Mittal (2007), Concepcion (2005),
Karaan et al. (2005), Myoung et al. (2001)
Material and information flow Husti (2006)
Packaging system Kumar et al. (2016), Jeong et al. (2011), Sirivatanapa (2006)
Performance measurement Heenkenda and Chandrakumara (2016), Bourlakis et al. (2014),
Shabani et al. (2012), Trienekens et al. (2008), Aramyan et al.
(2007)Aramyan et al. (2006), Van Der Vorst (2006)
Postharvest innovation Trienekens et al. (2008), and Hall et al. (2003)
Postharvest loss Amentae et al. (2016), Kasso and Bekele (2016), Minten et al.,
(2016b) , Munhuweyi et al. (2016), Mvumi et al. (2016), Affognon et
al. (2015), Bill et al. (2014), Kereth et al. (2013), Musasa et al.
(2013), Ali (2012), Mashau et al. (2012), Aujla et al. (2011), Hodges
et al. (2011), Sharma and Singh (2011), Genova et al. (2007),
Msogoya and Kimaro (2011), Léchaudel and Joas (2007), Choudhury
(2006), Kader (2004), Du Boil (2001), Fehr and Romão (2001), Feng
(2001)
Price transmission Assefa et al. (2015), Aramyan and Kuiper (2009), Bukeviciute et al.
(2009), Stringer et al. (2009), Bunte (2006)

Pricing Rifin (2015), Savino et al. (2015), Sidhu et al. (2010), Sachan et al.
(2005)
Procurement model Rao et al. (2016), Suryaningrat (2016), Mahajan et al. (2014),
Stringer et al. (2009), Banker and Mitra (2007), Morris et al. (2001),
Nanthachai (2000)
Role of government Najafi (2006), Anand (2002)
Short food supply chain Canfora (2016), Smith et al. (2016), Zirham and Palomba (2016)
Small-scale Farmer Astuti (2016), Fayet and Vermeulen (2014), Blandon et al. (2009)
Sourcing strategies Rijpkema et al. (2014)

Structure of ASC Basuki et al. (2004)
Sustainability of ASC Van et al. (2009), Yakovleva (2007), Vasileiou and Morris (2006),
Vorley (2001)
Temperature mapping of Amador et al. (2009)
agriculture produce
Traceability Chen (2015), Bosona and Gebresenbet (2013), Hu et al. (2013),
Lombardi et al. (2013), Thakur and Hurburgh (2009), Schuster
(2008), Bollen et al. (2007), Kelepouris et al. (2007), Riden and
Bollen (2007), Xue et al. (2007), Hobbs (2006), Opara (2003), Opara
(2002), Opara and Mazaud (2001)
Waste Management Göbel et al. (2015), Yared et al. (2014), Kaipia et al. (2013), Escaler
and Teng (2011), Gustavsson and Stage (2011)
Table 6 Distribution of references according country or continent specific studies
Place References
Asia Pacific Minten et al. (2016 b), Genova et al. (2007), Rolle (2006 a), Rolle (2006 b),
Choudhury (2006), Sirivatanapa (2006), Vinning and Young (2006)
Australia Smith et al. (2016), Singgih and Woods (2004), Batt (2003), Morris et al. (2001),
Alexander and Peacock (2000)
Benin Hotegni et al. (2014)
Brazil Fehr and Romão (2001)
Canada Brewin (2016), Aramyan and Kuiper (2009)
China Michelson (2016), Tan (2012), Escaler and Teng (2011), Zhang and Aramyan
(2009), Stringer et al. (2009), Roth et al. (2008), Xue et al. (2007), Wei et al.
(2003), Feng (2001), Morris et al. (2001)

Nicaragua Michelson (2016)
Costa Rica Zúñiga-Arias et al. (2009)
Dutch-German Aramyan et al. (2007)
Ecuador Roibás et al. (2016)
Ethiopia Minten et al. (2016 a), Amentae et al. (2016), Kasso and Bekele (2016)
EU Canfora (2016), Blizkovsky and Berendes (2016), Savino et al. (2015), Kaloxylos
et al. (2013), Kaipia et al. (2013), Verdouw et al. (2010), Aramyan and Kuiper
(2009), Bukeviciute et al. (2009), Kalaitzis et al. (2007), Stolze et al. (2007),
Sonneveld (2006), Wijnands (2001)
Finland Forsman and Paananen (2002)
Germany Göbel et al. (2015), Bastian and Zentes (2013)
Greece Bourlakis et al. (2014)
Honduras Blandon et al. (2009)
Hungary Ferto and Szabó (2002)
India Kumar et al. (2016), Rao et al. (2016), Rais and Sheoran (2015), Fayet and
Vermeulen (2014), Parwez (2014), Minten et al. (2014), Fatehpuria (2013),
Gopalakrishnan (2013), Ali (2012), Ali and Kumar (2011), Sharma and Singh
(2011), Sidhu et al. (2010), Singh et al. (2009), Singh et al. (2008), Banker and
Mitra (2007), Rao (2007), Mittal (2007), Matani (2007), Sachan et al. (2005), Hall
et al. (2003), Anand (2002)
Indonesia Kristanti et al. (2016), Suryaningrat (2016), Astuti (2016), Rifin (2015), Guritno et
al. (2015), Astuti et al. (2013), Kuntarsih et al. (2007), Herlambang et al. (2006),
Morgan et al. (2004), Basuki et al. (2004), Singgih and Woods (2004)
Iran Riasi (2015)
Italy Zirham and Palomba (2016), Lombardi et al. (2013)
Kenya Asfaw (2008)
Korea Myoung et al. (2001)
Maldova Gorton et al. (2006)
Netherland Trienekens et al. (2008), Bunte (2006)
New Zealand Clements et al. (2008)
Pakistan Aujla et al. (2011), Campbell et al. (2009)
Papua New Guinea Chang and Griffith (2011)
Philippines Concepcion and Digal (2006), Concepcion (2005), Manalili (2003)
São Tomé Dulcire (2012)
South Africa Munhuweyi et al. (2016), Mashau et al. (2012), Van and Maspero (2007), Ortmann
(2005), Barrientos et al. (2003)
Spain Hernández-Rubio et al. (2016)
Sri Lanka Heenkenda and Chandrakumara (2016)
Sub-Saharan Africa Affognon et al. (2015), Hodges et al. (2011)
Sweden Gustavsson and Stage (2011), Olsson and Skjöldebrand (2008)
Tanzania Dome and Prusty (2016), Kereth et al. (2013), Msogoya and Kimaro (2011), Ruteri
(2009),Karaan et al. (2005)
Thailand Rattanachai et al. (2012), Schipmann and Qaim (2011), Buurma et al. (2006),
Vorley (2001), Nanthachai (2000)
UK Yakovleva (2007), Vasileiou and Morris (2006), Taylor and Fearne (2006),
McRoberts et al. (2003), Dolan and Humphrey (2000)
USA Park et al. (2016), Lamsal et al. (2016), Etemadnia et al. (2015), Abatekassa and
Peterson (2011), Aramyan and Kuiper (2009), Schuster (2008)
Vietnam Cadilhon et al. (2006), Hoan et al. (2000)
Zimbabwe Mvumi et al. (2016), Musasa et al. (2013), Karaan et al. (2005)
Table 7 Distribution of papers according to agriculture produces and their geographical location of study
Banana Flower Fruit Grain Litchi Mango Mangosteen Melon Orange Potato Sweet pepper Teff Tomato Vegetable
Asia Pacific [1] [2]
Australia [3] [4] [5] [4]
Brazil [6] [6]
Canada [7]
China [8] [9], [5] [10], [11],
[8]
Ethiopia [12], [14]
[13]
EU [15] [16] [16] [15]
Germany [17]
Hungary [18] [18]
India [19] [20] [21] [22] [23], [24] [19], [25],
[26]
Indonesia [27], [28], [29] [30] [31], [32] [33], [34]
[3]
Italy [35] [36] [35]
Netherland [37] [38]
Philippines [39], [40],
[41]
South Africa [42] [43] [44], [42] [43]
[45],
[43]
Spain [46] [46]
Tanzania [47], [49] [50]
[48]
Thailand [51] [52] [53] [52] [51]
UK [54], [55]
USA [56] [56]
Vietnam [57] [58]
Zimbabwe [59] [48] [60]
[1]-Minten et al. (2016 b);[2]-Rolle (2006 a); [3]-Singgih and Woods (2004); [4]- Batt (2003); [5]- Morris et al. (2001); [6]- Fehr and Romão (2001); [7]-Brewin (2016); [8]- Feng
(2001), [9]-Wei et al. (2003); [10]-Stringer et al. (2009); [11]-Xue et al. (2007); [12]-Minten et al. (2016 a); [13]-Amentae et al. (2016); [14]-Kasso and Bekele (2016); [15]-
Kalaitzis et al. (2007); [16]-Wijnands (2001); [17]-Aramyan et al. (2007); [18]-Ferto and Szabó (2002); [19]-Rais and Sheoran (2015); [20]-Sachan et al. (2005); [21]-Kumar et al.
(2016); [22]-Gopalakrishnan (2013); [23]-Minten et al. (2014); [24]-Anand (2002); [25]-Ali (2012); [26]-Mittal (2007); [27]-Kuntarsih et al. (2007); [28]-Basuki et al. (2004);
[29]-Suryaningrat (2016); [30]-Herlambang et al. (2006); [31]-Astuti (2016); [32]-Astuti et al. (2013); [33]-Guritno et al. (2015); [34]-Morgan et al. (2004); [35]-Zirham and
Palomba (2016); [36]-Lombardi et al. (2013); [37]-Trienekens et al. (2008); [38]-Bunte (2006); [39]-Concepcion and Digal (2006); [40]-Concepcion (2005); [41]-Manalili (2003);
[42]-Mashau et al. (2012); [43]-Barrientos et al. (2003); [44]-Van and Maspero (2007); [45]-Ortmann (2005); [46]-Hernández-Rubio et al. (2016); [47]-Kereth et al. (2013); [48]-
Karaan et al. (2005); [49]-Msogoya and Kimaro (2011); [50]-Dome and Prusty (2016); [51]-Buurma et al. (2006); [52]-Vorley (2001); [53]-Schipmann and Qaim (2011); [54]-
Yakovleva (2007); [55]-Vasileiou and Morris (2006); [56]-Etemadnia et al. (2015); [57]-Hoan et al. (2000); [58]-Cadilhon et al. (2006); [59]-Mvumi et al. (2016); [60]-Musasa et
al. (2013)

Agriculture Supply Chain: A Systematic Review of Literature and Implications For Future Research

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Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies

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obstacle, outcome etc.

Design/methodology/approach –Two hundred three relevant and scholarly articles of various

studied and researched.

Research limitation/implication – Mainly post-harvest ASC of different agricultural produces

Paper type – Literature review

technology, management of agriculture and industrialized agriculture production which had

Subsequently SCM was embraced for agricultural development purposes.

(ASCM) includes a number of processes such as supply management, production management

and production of crops), processing/production, testing, packaging, warehousing, transportation,

conclusions, and limitations and future research issues respectively.

2. Various reported definitions of ASC

<Insert Table 1>

3. ASC literature review

and 25 international conferences to capture information related to research contribution, research

<Insert Table 2>

3.1 Review methodology

authenticated, non-reliable, and non-effective. Therefore, Google Scholar and ResearchGate

research methodologies are given below:

validated through collected primary data.

may well be subjective and will not generally report on research.

Literature review: It is a selective bibliography providing comprehensive information and covers

4. Descriptive analysis of the data

presented in this section.

4.1 Research methodology

4.2 Distribution of research papers over regional basis

developed countries of Africa and they are mostly case studies.

<Insert Figure 1>

4.3 Distribution of author profile

research focus is marginal for post-harvest ASC and its losses.

<Insert Figure 2>

new international journals specific to ASC has also come out.

<Insert Figure 3>

4.5 Distribution of papers by type of agriculture produces

like amount of wastage in a particular produce, amount of harvest of a produce in a particular

these research papers.

<Insert Table 4>

4.6 Distribution of papers by different aspects of ASC

should be implemented properly.

<Insert Table 5>

4.7 Distribution of papers according to country or continent specific studies

<Insert Table 6>

<Insert Table 7>

and models useful to ASC.

<Insert Figure 4>

5. Critical analysis of the review

5.1 Traceability of ASC

due to poor post-harvest management. Bosona and Gebresenbet (2013) conducted a

performed on traceability. Few of them include methodology for the implementation of

ordination and a cost perspective (Kelepouris et al., 2007).

5.2 Post-harvest loss

in general. Munhuweyi et al (2016) quantified the incidence of postharvest losses during

(Kereth et al., 2013; and Kader, 2004).

5.3 Food safety and quality

management, harvesting practices, packing operations, postharvest treatments, temperature

5.4 Logistics in ASC

connectivity to main ports and harbours.

5.6 Information technology in ASC

Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited (IFFCO)’s e-procurement system is making an impact in

focuses on research contribution, research methodologies, regional importance, author profile,

study are mentioned below:

followed by India, UK and Netherland.