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and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
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education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

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“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 13944 (1994): Automotive vehicles - Window retention and

release systems for buses - Safety requirements [TED 6:
Automotive Body, Chassis, Accessories and Garage
Equipments]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 ( Reaffirmed 1999 )

Indian Standard
AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES-WINDOW
RETENTION AND RELEASE SYSTEMS FOR
BUSES -SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

UDC 629’114’5’011’67

*
i
t #TJBIS 1994

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

March 1994 Price Group 4

 Automotive Body and Chassis Sectional Committee, TED 6

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by
the Automotive Body and Chassis Sectional Committee had been approved by the Transport
Engineering Division Council.

This Indian Standard is intended to lay down the safety requirements for bus windows/door
retention and release mechanisms, meant for carrying passengers. Special attention has been paid
to the requirements regarding buses meant for school children. The emergency exit arrangements,
their extensions and identification have also been included. However, buses meant for carrying
invalids or disabled are not covered under this standard.

The retention devices have to be so designed as to minimize chances of being thrown out of the
bus in the event of any type of accidents. The enfergency egresses should be easy to operate,
conveniently located with operations to open/push/pull well illustrated to prevent any confusion.

It is also intended to bring in unity in design and construction of bus bodies providing maximum
safety to the occupants.

In thk preparation of this Indian Standard considerable assistance has been drawn from NHTSA
Standard No. 217 ‘Bus window retention and release’ issued by Dept. of Transportation ( DOT 1,
USA and Safety Standard No. SS 3211993 of ARAI, Pune.

The Committee responsible for the preparation of this standard is given in Annex A.

In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final
value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2 : 1960
‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )‘.
 IS 13944 : 1994

Indian Standard
AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES -WINDOW
RETENTION AND RELEASE SYSTEMS FOR
BUSES -SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
1 SCOPE 3.1.2.1 Each school bus shall comply with either one
of the following minimum emergency exit provisions,
1.1 This standard specifies requirements for the chosen at the option of the manufacturer-:
retention of windows other than that for windshields
in buses, operating forces, their recommended a) One rear emergency door that opens outward
and is hinged on the right side (either side in
opening dimensions, and markings for push-out bus
the case of a bus with a GVW of 5 tonnes or
windows and other emergency exits.
less) or; and
1.2 Buses meant for carrying disabled and invalid
persons are not covered by this standard. s b) 0 e emergency door on the vehicle’s left side
th 1 t is in the rear half of the bus passenger
1.3 The requirements of this standard do not apply compartment and is hinged on its forward
to a window whose minimum surface dimensions side, and a push out rear window that provides
measured through the centre of its area are less than a minimum opening clearance 400 mm high
200 mm. and 1200 mm wide. This window shall be
releasable by operation of not more than two
2 TERMINOLOGY mechanisms which are located in the high
force access region shown in Fig. 1, and which
2.1 Push out Window do not have to be operated simultaneously.
Release and opening of the window shall
Push out window means a vehicle window designed require force applications, not to exceed 18
to open outward to provide for emergency egress. kg in the directions specified in 3.3.3.1.
2.2 Adjacent Seat
ACCESS REGION
Adjacent seat means, a designated seating position R585 /--ES
located so that some portion of its occupant space is
not more than 250 mm from an emergency exit, for
a distance of at least 380 mm measured horizontally
and parallel to the exit.

2.3 Occupant Space

Occupant space means the space directly above the
seat and footwell, bounded vertically by the ceiling
and horizontally by the, normally positioned seat
back and the nearest obstruction of occupant motion
in the direction the seat faces.

3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Emergency Exits

AT
3.1.1 Buses other than school buses shall provide
unobstructed openings for emergency exit which
collectively amount, in total square centimetres
(sq cm) to at least 67 times the number of designated INSIDE FLOOR
seating positions on the bus. At least 40 percent of the OF UPRIGHT BUS I
total required area of unobstructed openings,
computed in the above manner, shall be provided on All dimensions in millimetres.
each side of a bus. However, in determining the total
FIG. 1 REAR EMERGENCY
EXIT WITHREAR
unobstructed openings provided by a bus, no
OBSTRUCTION
emergency exit, regardless of its area, shall be credited
with more than 3 450 cm2 of the total area requirement.
3.1.2.2 The engine starting system of a school bus
3.1.2 Allschool buses shall be provided with openings shall not operate if any emergency door is locked
for emergency exits conforming to 3.1.2.1. from either inside or outside the bus. For purposes of

1
IS 13944 : 1994
this requirement, ‘locked’ means that the release obstructed opening requirements by providing side
mechanism cannot be activated by a person at the exits and at least one rear exit that conforms to 3.3 to
door without a special device such as key or special 3.5. The rear exit shall meet the requirements when
information such as a combination. the bus is upright and when the bus is overturned on
either side, with the occupant standing facing the exit.
3.1.3 Buses with 5 Tonnes GVW or Less
When the bus configuration precludes installation of
3.1.3.1 Buses with GVW of 5 000 kg or less may an accessible rear exit, a roof exit that meets the
meet the unobstructed openings requirement by requirements of 3.3 through 3.5 when the bus is
providing : overturned on either side, with the occupant standing
facing the exit, shall be provided in the rear half of
4 devices that meet the requirements of 3.2 to the bus.
3.4 without using remote controls or central
power systems; 3.1.4.2 A bus with GVW of more than 5 000 kg may
satisfy the unobstructed opening requirements by
b> windows that can be opened manually to a providing at least one side door for each three passenger
position that provides an opening large
enough to admit unobstructed passage, seating positions in the vehicle.
keeping a major axis horizontal at all times,
of an ellipsoid generated by rotating about its 3.2 Emergency Exit Release
minor axis an ellipse having a major axis of
500 mm and a minor axis of 330 mm; or 3.2.1 Each push-out winc&w or other emergency exit
4her than for school buses shall be capable of release
c>doors. by operating one or two mechanisms located within
3.1.4 Buses with G?W Exceeding 5 To&es the regions specified in Fig. 1 to 6. The lower edge
of the region in Fig. 2 and Region B in Fig. 3, shall
3.1.4.1 Except as provided in 3.1.2.1, buses with a be located 125 mm above the adjacent seat, or 50 mm
GVW of more than 5 000 kg shall meet the un- above the armrest, if any, whichever is higher.

R585

FLOOR BENEATH EMERGENCY EXIT FLOOR BENEATH EMERGENCY EXIT

VIEW PARALLEL TO TO SEAT BACK VIEW PERPENDICULAR TO SEAT BACK

NOTES
1 Clearance area around seat back, arm rests and other obstructions = 50 mm
2 Access regiqn is the spatial volume created by the Intersection of the Projections of the areas shown in
the two vie&.
t

All dimensions in millimetres. .

FIG. 2 ACCESS REGION FOR Low FORCES FOR EMERGENCYEXITS HAVING ADJACENT SEATS

2
 IS 13944 : 1994

1320

FLOOR BENEATH EMERGENCY EXIT FL0 R BENEATH EMERGENCY EXIT

p

VIEW PARALLEL TO SEAT BACK VIEW PERPENDICULAR TO SEAT BACK

NOTE - Clearance area around seat back, arm rests, and other obstructions = 50 mm.

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 3 Acmss REGIONFORHIGHFORCES

FOREMERGENCY
EXITSHAVINGADJACENT
SEAT

ACCESS REGION FOR

/~~KZRCES

FOR

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG.4 SIDE EMERGENCY

EXIT

3
lS13944:1994

ACCESS REGION INSIDE WALL

FOR LOW FORCES
INSIDE
I- I-

HIGH FORCES
i

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 5 ROOF EMERGENCYEXIT

ACCESS REGION
FOR LOW FORCES

ACCESS REGION
FOR HIGH FORCES 5

K3bJ/
INSIDE

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 6 REAR EMERGENCYEXITWITIIOUT

REAROBSTRLUION

4
 IS 13944 : 1994

3.3 Tests points, or shattering of the glazing occurs;

3.3.1 Xest Conditions
The vehicle is on a flat, horizontal
The inside of the vehicle and the outside
environment are kept at any temperature from
21°C to 30°C for 4 hours immediately
persuading the tests, and during the tests.
For the window retention test, windows are
installed, closed, and latched (where latches
are provided) in the condition intended for
normal bus operation.
For the emergency exit release and extension
tests, windows are installed as in (c) above.
Seats, armrests, and interior objects near the
windows are installed as for normal use, and
seats are in the upright position.
3.3.2 Window Retention Tests
3.3.2.1 Each piece of window glazing and *-each
surrounding window frame, when tested in accordance
with the procedure in 3.3.2.2 under the conditions of
(a) to (c) above, shall be retained by its surrounding
structure in a manner that prevents the formation of
any opening large enough to admit the passage of a
100 mm diameter sphere under a force, including the
weight of the sphere, of 2 kg until any one of the
following events occurred :
a) A force of 550 kg is reached;
b) At least 80% of the glazing thickness has
developed cracks rumring from the load
contact region to the periphery at two or more
and
The inner surface of the glazing at the centre
surface. of force application has moved relative to the
window frame, along a line perpendicular to
the undisturbed inner surface, a distance equal
to 1.5 times the square root of the minimum
surface dimensions measured through the
centre of the area of the entire sheet of
window glazing.
3.3.2.2 An increasing force shall be applied to the
window glazing through the headform specified in
Fig. 7 outward and perpendicular to the undisturbed
inside surface at the centre of the area of each sheet
of window glazing with a headform travel of 50 mm
per minute.
3.3.3 Release Mechnnism Tests
3.3.3.1 Each emergency exit not required for school
buses s all allow manual release of the exit by a
single o 1cupant using force applications each of which
conforms, at.the option of the manufacturer, either to
(a) or (b). The release mechanism or mechanisms
shall require for release one or two force applications,
at least one of which differs by 90” to 180” from the
direction of the initial push-out motion of the emergency
exit (outward and perpendicular to the exit surface).
a) Low-force application
1) Location : As shown in Fig. 1, 2, 4 to 6.
2) Type of motion : Rotary or straight.
3) Magnitude of force : Not more than
9 kg.

SYNTHETIC UNDER LAYER

SURFACE OF
W GLAZING

OF AREA
ZING

RETAINER
(DESIGN OPTIONAL) u
IN, WET CHAMOIS OR
;. SYNTHETIC SKIN 0.76 f0.07 THICK
i TENSILE STRENGTH 70 f 3.5kg/cm 2
ELONGATION 100 fS%

NOTE-Sugar pine with grain direction perpendicular to base and parallel to grain to withstand appreciable crush (180 kg/cm2 to 3.50 kg
cm’, or equivalent wooden from capable of meening the specified values. .
All dimensions in millimetres.
FIG. 7 HEAD FORM

5
IS 13944 : 1994
b) High force application
1) Location : As shown in Fig. 1, 3 to 6.
2) Type of motion : Straight, perpendicular
to the undisturbed exit surface.
3) Magnihlde : Not more than 27 kg.
3.3.3.2 When tested both before and after the window
retention test, each school bus emergency door shall
allow manual release of the door by a single person,
from both inside and outside the bus passenger
compartment, using a force application that conforms
to (a) to (c) given below. Each release mechanism
shall operate without the use of remote controls or
tools, and notwithstanding any failure of the vehicle’s
power system. When the release mechanism is not in
the “on” position, a continuous warning sound shall
be audible at the driver’s seating position and in the
vicinity of the emergency door having the unclosed
mechanism.
a) Location - Within the high force access
region shown in Fig. 4 for a side lmergency
door, and in Fig. 6 for a rear emergelfcy door.
b) Type of motion - Upward from inside the
bus; at the discretion of the manufacturer
from outside the bus.
c) Magnitude of force - Not more than 18 kg.
3.4 Emergency Exit Extensions
3.4.1 After the release mechanism has been operated,
each put-out window or other emergency exit not
required by school buses shall, under test conditions,
before and after the window retention test, using the
reach distances and corresponding force levels
specified in 3.3.3.1, be manually extendable by a
single occupant to a position that provides an opening
large enough to admit unobstructed passage, keeping
a major axis horizontal at all times, of an ellipsoid
generated by rotating about its minor axis an ellipse
having a major axis 500 mm and a minor axis of
325 mm.
3.4.2 Emergency Exit Extension for School Bus
3.4.2.1 For a school bus with a GVW of more than
5 000 kg, after the release mechanism has been operated,
the emergency door of the school bus shall, before
and after the window retention test, using the force
levels specified in 3.3.3.2, be manually extendable by
a single person to a position that permits :
4 in the case of rear emergency door, an opening
large enough to permit unobstructed passage
of a rectangular parallel pipe 1 145 mm high,
610 mm wide, and 300 mm deep, keeping the
1 145 mm dimensiob vertical, the 600 mm
dimensions parallel to the opening, and the
lower surface in contact with the floor of the
bus at all times; an&
b) in the case of a SI+Ie emergency door, an
opening at least 1 145 mm high and 600 mm
wide. A vertical transverse plane tangent to
the rearmost point of a seat back shall pass
through the forward edge of a side emergency
door.
6
3.4.2.2 All school buses with a GVW of 5 000 kg or
less shall conform to all the provisions of 3.5.3 except
that the parallel pipe dimensions for the opening of
the rear emergency door or doors shall be 1 145 nun
high, 600 mm wide, and 150 mm deep.
3.5 Emergency Exit Identification
3.5.1 In buses other than school buses, except for
windows serving as emergency exits in accordance
with 3.1.3.1(b) and door in buses with a GVW of
5 000 kg or less, each emergency door shall have the
designation “Emergency Door” or “Emergency Exit”
and each push out window or other emergency exit
shall have the designation “Emergency Exit” followed
by concise operating instructions describing each motion
necessary to unlatch and open the exit, located within
150 mm of the release mechanism.
Example : Lift to Unlatch - Push to Open
Lift Handle - Push out to Open
W$ en a release mechanism is not located within an
occupant space of an adjacent seat, a label meeting
the requirements of 3.5.2 that indicates the location
of the nearest release mechanism shall be placed
within the occupant space.
Example : Emergency exit instruction located
next to seat ahead.
3.5.2 In buses other than school buses, except as
provided in 3.5.2.1, each marking shall be legible,
when the only source of light is the normal night-time
illumination of the bus interior, to occupants having
corrected visual acuity of 20/40 (Snellen ratio) seated
in the adjacent seat, or seated directly adjoining the
adjacent seat or standing in the aisle location that is
closest to the adjacent seat.
The marking shall be legible from each of these
locations when the other two corresponding locations
are occupied.
3.5.2.1 If the exit has no adjacent seat, the marking
shall meet the legibility requirements of 3.5.2 from
occupants standing in the aisle location nearest to the
emergency exit, except for a roof exit, which must
meet the legibility requirements for occupants positioned
with their backs against the floor opposite the roof exit.
3.5.3 Exit Identification in School Buses
3.5.3.1 Each school bus emergency exit provided in
accordance with 3.5.2.1 shall have the designation
“Emergency Door” or ‘Zmergency Exit”, as appropriate,
in letters at least 50 mm high, of a colour that contrasts
with its background, located at the top of or directly
above the emergency exit on both the inside and the
outside surfaces of the bus. Concise operating
instructions describing the motions necessary to unlatch
and open the emergency exit, shall be given in letters
at least 10 mm high, of a colour that contrasts within
150 mm of the release mechanism of the inside surface
of the bus.
I
Example :
Lift to Unlatch - Push to Open
Lift Handle - Push out to Open
 IS 13944 : 1994

ANNEX A
( Foreword )

COMMITTEE COMPOSITION

Automotiire Body and Chassis Sectional Conmittee, TED 6

Choirmnrz Represnttirrg
BRIGS.R.PUR/ZNIK Aufomotive Research Associalion of India. Pune

SHRIP. N. RANGAN( A~Tw? k?

Brig S. R. Puranik)
SHRIALIREZA M. ALLADIN Press Metal Cooperation Ltd. Bombay
SHRIN. S. BABY Tata Engineering and Locomotive Co Ltd. Pune
SHRID. P. ROY ( Alternnte )
SHRI M. BAIAKRISHNAN Thiruvalluvar Transport Corporation. Madras
SHRIS. R. TAPADE Central Institute of Road Transport, Pune
SHRIS. KUMAR( A/tenure )
SHRIJ. R. BILGI Bajaj Tempo $td, Pune
SHRI R. M. KANITKAR ( Alternnre)
SHRIS. K. CHAKRARORTY Controllerate of Inspection ( Vehicles ), Ahrnednagar
SHRIRAMF~HDIWK D. C. M. Toyota Ltd. New Delhi
DIRECTOR
MOTWEPOWER Research Designs and Standards Organizalion, Lucknow
SHRIHARJITSINGH HMT Ltd, Pinjore
SHRIJ. S. SHARMA( Akenu~fe 1
SHRI K. C. JAIN Escorts Ltd, Faridnbad
SHRIRAJuAGGARWAL( Alterrwrtr )
SHRI~IARNAMSINGII Vehicle Factory, Jabalpur
SHRIS. S. KAPASHI Rubby Coach Builders F’vt l_td, Bombay
SHRIS. S. KHADRI Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation, IIyderahad
SHRIM. KRISHNAREDDY( Aknmte )
DRKKUMAR Maruti Udyog Ltd. Gurgaon
SHRI D. N. DAVE ( Alfermzte )
SHRIC. RANGASWAM> Cheran Engineering Cooperation I.td, Coimbatore
SHRIK. JAGENNATIIAN
( Alterrmte )
SHRIS. N. SRINIVASSAN Premier Automobiles I.td. Bombay
SARIK. D. PAL( Alterrlnte )
SHRIM. SUBRAMANIAM Ashok Leyland l.td. Madras
SIIRIL. SRINI~ASAMADHAVAN
( Altcrrute)
SHR1B.v. %JRESH Ilyderabad Allwyn Ltd. Hyderabad
SHRIS. MADHAVARAO ( A ltenmte )
SHRIN. S. VIIAYARAGHAVAN. Director General. BIS ( E.r-officio Member )
Director ( TED )

SllRIT.M.bbUMDER
Director ( TED ), RI’S
Bureau of Indian Standards

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harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
and attending to connected matters in the country.

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designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director ( Publications ), BlS.

Revision of Indian Standards

Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if any, are
issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of
the latest amendments or edition.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot : No. TED 6 ( 156 )

Amendments issued Since Publication

Amend No. *. Date of I&e Text Affected

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