1.

VENTRICULAR FILLING
 The cardiac cycle is initiated with the firing of the SA NODE that stimulates the atria to
depolarize.
 Atrial contraction starts after the P WAVE begins and causes the pressure within the atria to
increase forcing blood into the ventricles.
2. PERIOD OF ISOVOLUMIC AND ISOMETRIC SYSTOLE
 Atrial contraction completes atrial pressure begins to fall.
 Reversing the pressure gradient across the AV VALVES produces the first heart sound (S1)
and marks the beginning of SYSTOLE.
 Ventricular depolarization reflected by QRS COMPLEX and the ventricles start to contract
rapidly building up pressure ( additional 0.02 to 0.03 secs) inside the ventricles.
 The SEMILUNAR VALVES remain closed and the ventricles contract within a closed space,
this phase is referred as ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION.
 In the isovolumetric contraction no blood is ejected and ventricular volume is unchanged.
3. PERIOD OF EJECTION
 Ventricular ejection starts when ventricular pressures exceed the pressures (above 80
mmHg) the right ventricular pressure rises slightly above 8 mmHg within the aorta and
pulmonary artery.
 Aortic and pulmonic valves open and approximately 60 percent of blood is ejected during
systole; about 70 percent of this portion flows out during the first third of the ejection
period.
 With the remaining 30 percent emptying during next two thirds.
 The first third is called the period of RAPID EJECTION.
 And the lasts two thirds is called the period of SLOW EJECTION.
4. PERIOD OF ISOVOLUMIC AND ISOMETRIC DIASTOLE
 As ventricular repolarization is reflected by the T WAVE begins. Ventricular pressure starts
to fall and the force ejection is reduced.
 When ventricular pressures dropped below aortix and pulmonary pressure, the semilunar
valves closed marking the end of systole and beginning of diastole.
 Closure of semilunar valves produces the second heart sound (S2).
 The first part of diastole is again isovolumetric as the ventricles relax with all valves closed.
 Ventricular pressure drops rapidly, but their volumes remain unchanged.

Submitted by: GAPUZ, JANINE C.

Section: CBB-1

1. VENTRICULAR FILLING

• The cardiac cycle is initiated with the firing of the SA NODE that stimulates the atria to depolarize.

• Atrial contraction starts after the P WAVE begins and causes the pressure within the atria to increase
forcing blood into the ventricles.

2. PERIOD OF ISOVOLUMIC AND ISOMETRIC SYSTOLE

• Atrial contraction completes atrial pressure begins to fall.

• Reversing the pressure gradient across the AV VALVES produces the first heart sound (S1) and marks
the beginning of SYSTOLE.

• Ventricular depolarization reflected by QRS COMPLEX and the ventricles start to contract rapidly
building up pressure ( additional 0.02 to 0.03 secs) inside the ventricles.

• The SEMILUNAR VALVES remain closed and the ventricles contract within a closed space, this phase is
referred as ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION.

• In the isovolumetric contraction no blood is ejected and ventricular volume is unchanged.

3. PERIOD OF EJECTION

• Ventricular ejection starts when ventricular pressures exceed the pressures (above 80 mmHg) the right
ventricular pressure rises slightly above 8 mmHg within the aorta and pulmonary artery.

• Aortic and pulmonic valves open and approximately 60 percent of blood is ejected during systole; about
70 percent of this portion flows out during the first third of the ejection period.

• With the remaining 30 percent emptying during next two thirds.

• The first third is called the period of RAPID EJECTION.

• And the lasts two thirds is called the period of SLOW EJECTION.

4. PERIOD OF ISOVOLUMIC AND ISOMETRIC DIASTOLE

• As ventricular repolarization is reflected by the T WAVE begins. Ventricular pressure starts to fall and
the force ejection is reduced.

• When ventricular pressures dropped below aortix and pulmonary pressure, the semilunar valves closed
marking the end of systole and beginning of diastole.

• Closure of semilunar valves produces the second heart sound (S2).

• The first part of diastole is again isovolumetric as the ventricles relax with all valves closed.

• Ventricular pressure drops rapidly, but their volumes remain unchanged.