TYPES OF CELLS (21/09/17)

DIAGRAM 1: A PLANT CELL AS SEEN UNDER A MICROSCOPE (Kingdom: Plant)

Points to note:

1. Cell wall: made up of a material called cellulose. It

is fully permeable meaning that it allows ALL
substances to pass through.
2. Chloroplasts: this is where photosynthesis takes
place in plant cells. It contains the green pigment
chlorophyll, which is used to trap sunlight energy
for photosynthesis.
3. The vacuole is large and contains cell sap which is
a solution of water and nutrients.
4. Plant cells normally have a regular shape i.e.
rectangular or square.

DIAGRAM 2: A BACTERIUM CELL AS SEEN UNDER A MICROSCOPE (Kingdom: Monera)

1. Gelatin Capsule: protects the bacterium from

harmful chemicals.
2. Cell wall: Does not contain cellulose like
plant cell walls. Instead it is made up of
complex carbohydrates and proteins.
3. Flagellum: some bacteria has this and some
do not. It is used for movement. The cell
moves as the flagellum moves back and
forth.
4. The bacterium cell DOES NOT CONTAIN A
NUCLEUS. Instead it contains a naked strand
of DNA in the form of a chromosome.

DIAGRAM 3: AN AMOEBA AS SEEN UNDER A MICROSCOPE (Kingdom: Protoctista)

1. Pseudopods: these allow the Amoeba

to move. They are also used to
surround and take in food particles.

1. Using the diagram of the plant cell

from this hand out, and the diagram
of the animal cell from the previous
class:
a. Write down ALL the
similarities between plant
animal cells.
b. Write down ALL the differences between plant and animal cells.
2. Copy and complete the following table that compares the different types of cells.

Cell Type Prokaryote Cell wall Regular or Nucleus Flagellum Chloroplast Vacuole
or Present Irregular Present or Present or Present or Large or
Eukaryote or Absent Shape Absent Absent Absent Small

Animal

Plant

Bacterium

Amoeba