Name:

Chapter 2
Unit 2.1 & 2.3: Cell Structure & Cell Division
Part A: Cell Diagrams
1. Identify the following structures and label the diagram

Plant Cell Animal Cell

A. Cell wall 1. Cytoplasm
B. Cell membrane 2. Golgi apparatus/ Golgi bodies
C. Cytoplasm 3. Cell membrane
D. Mitochondria 4. Mitochondria
E. Chloroplast 5. Vacuole (small)
F. Vacuole (large) 6. Nucleus
G. Nucleus 7. Nuclear membrane
8. Endoplasmic reticulum
9. Ribosome(s)
Name:

Part B
2. Match the description in Column A with a term in Column B. Write the letter of the
response in the blank on the left. (7 marks)
Column A Column B
___E____ 1. A double-layered, flexible outer
A. Chloroplast(s)
lining that is semi-permeable
___F____
2. Site of protein synthesis B. Golgi apparatus/ Golgi bodies

___G____ 3. Special structures in the cell that

C. Nuclear membrane
perform specific functions
___J____ 4. Strong and porous outer structure
D. Cytoplasm
made of cellulose
___H____ 5. Uses oxygen to carry out cellular
E. Cell membrane
respiration
___D____ 6. Organelles are suspended in this
F. Ribosome(s)
___B____ 7. Responsible for processing
incoming materials (such as
G. Organelles
proteins and lipids) and
transporting them out of the cell
H. Mitochondria
I. Vacuole
J. Cell wall
Part C Fill in the Blanks
3. Complete the following table by filling in the correct cell part, function, or structure
Cell Part Structure Function
Made up of mostly water, but Holds the organelles and
Cytoplasm
also contains nutrients provides nutrients to the cell

Houses genetic information on

Nucleus Roughly spherical
chromosomes made up of DNA

Transport materials such as

3-D network of branching
Endoplasmic Reticulum proteins and lipids
tubes
throughout the cell
Site for protein synthesis
Ribosome N/A
1. Flexible Allows selective transport of
2. Double-layered material into the cell and
Cell membrane 3. Semi-permeable separates the inner cell
environment with its
surroundings
Fluid filled sac enclosed by a In animal cells:
single membrane Removes waste, maintains
fluids
Vacuole Large and occupies a lot of In plant cells:
space in the plant cell Maintains turgor pressure

Smaller sacs in animal cells

Collects and processes
Stacked together and
Golgi apparatus/ Golgi bodies material and transports it to
function as a unit
the outside of the cell
Made of cellulose, strong and Provides some protection
Cell wall porous from physical injury and
supports the cell

Carries out photosynthesis to

Chloroplast Contains chlorophyll make glucose

3
 The “power house” of the
cell. Uses oxygen to break
Bean shaped with a folded
Mitochondria down glucose and release
inner membrane
energy through a process
called cellular respiration

Part D Diffusion and Osmosis

Diffusion is the movement of particles from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. It is a
natural, random process. This means that it does not require extra energy input.

4. These are pictures of molecules frozen at two different times. Draw arrows to show the direction the
particles might travel due to diffusion in diagram A.

A. B.

5. Diagram A shows the same number of particles as in Diagram B except most particles start out on one side of
the box. Explain why after a while, Diagram A resembles Diagram B.

Answer: The particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across
the concentration gradient. Therefore, the particles evenly spread out across the box and start to
resemble Diagram B
6. Give an everyday example of diffusion in air and in water.
• AIR: perfume sprayed in a room/ any other relevant example is alright (this is mostly for student’s
understanding)
• WATER: sugar in water/ tablet dissolving in water/ any other acceptable example

WORD BANK: Passive / Active / Lower / Higher / Unevenly / Evenly

7. Complete the following sentence: Diffusion is the passive movement of particles from higher concentration
to a lower concentration until they are evenly spread out.

8. Moths emit chemicals called pheromones to attract a mate.

a) Which process is responsible for the distribution of these chemicals through the air?

Answer: Diffusion

4
 b) If a moth detects pheromones, how might it work out which direction they are coming from?

Answer: The pheromones will be travelling from an area where they are in high concentration to an area
where they are in low concentration. Therefore, the moth will be able to travel towards the direction
where the pheromones are high in concentration.

c) What would be the advantage of a moth releasing the pheromones on a night when there was little wind?

Answer: Since there is little wind, there is no external source to actively move the pheromone
molecules. Therefore, the speed of diffusion of pheromones will be slower and the moth releasing the
pheromones will be detected easily since the pheromone molecules will be higher in concentration
around the moth.

9. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi permeable membrane. The semi permeable membrane acts
like a filter that lets only the water through. Water always goes from the area of higher water concentration to
the area of lower water concentration. Confused? Then imagine the particles (or solute) are salt and follow the
rule - SALT SUCKS!

On the diagram to the right label the:

• Semi permeable membrane (M)
LC HC
• Area of higher water concentration (HC)

• Area of lower water concentration (LC) M

• Direction of osmotic flow (arrow)

WORD BANK: Salt / Water / Lower / Higher / Semi-permeable Membrane /

Cell Wall

10. Complete the following sentence: Osmosis is the passage of water molecules from a lower concentrated
solution to a higher concentrated solution through a semi-permeable membrane

11. The roots of a plant have root hair cells that absorb water from the soil. The diagram below shows two
different kinds of roots. The concentration of the solution inside the cell is higher than the concentration of the
solution in the soil.

5
 a) Explain why water moves from the soil into the root hair cell.

Answer: There is higher water content in the soil than in the root hair cells
which are surrounded by a semi-permeable membrane. Therefore,
osmosis is taking place. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules
from a low concentrated solution (higher water content) to a high
concentrated solution (lower water content) across a semi-permeable
membrane.
b) Suggest why root hair cells are long and thin and not short and
stubby?

Answer: Because the root hair cells need to be able to reach far out to access sufficient water which can be
absorbed into the cells through osmosis, to carry out and meet the needs of the plant to survive.

8. Label the following diagrams of Red Blood Cells and Plant Cells as being examples of cells contained in Isotonic,
Hypertonic and Hypotonic solutions.

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
ISOTONIC SOLUTION
9. Strawberry jelly is a very strong solution of sugar. By contrast the cytoplasm in bacteria is a much weaker
solution. The cell wall of bacteria is made up of a semi-permeable membrane. Would water flow from the
microbe to the jam, or from the jam to the microbe by osmosis?

Answer: The water will flow from the bacteria to the

strawberry jelly solution through osmosis, due to the
presence of a semi-permeable. Since the water content is
high in the lower concentrated solution inside the bacterial
cell the water will travel towards the higher concentrated jelly
solution which is low in water content.

6
7