regroup 811
Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety
In a new
1 ） What is the result of the research at
the University of Chicago,according to
the first paragraph? Female teachers'
confidence in their math skills is related
to girl's math skills.
2 ） What is implied in the third
paragraph? A difficult subject like math
may affect teachers' confidence in
teaching the subject.
3 ） According to the experiment, those
teachers were probably anxious about
math when they felt uneasy reading the
numbers of a sales receipt.
4 ） The sixth paragraph tells us that the
research findings prove a strong link
between female teachers' math anxiety
and their female students' math
achievements.
5 ） David Geary thinks that the
research results need to be retested based
on a larger sample.
Musical Robot Companion Enhances
Listener Experience
Shimi,a musical
1. Which of the following is NOT true
according to the first three paragraphs?
Shimi is the creator of the musical
companion.
2. What does Shimi do if the user taps a
beat?
It selects a perfectly-matched song and
plays it in sync with that beat.
3. Which of the following about Shimi is
true?
Shimi can be creative and interactive.
4. What does the author want to tell us?
The research center is developing a
stronger and more versatile Shimi.
5. Which of the following is Weinberg’s
assertion?
human lives will be filled with more fun
if Shimi is going to arrive in homes.
When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach
Our senses aren’t
1. What does the new study mentioned in
Paragraph 1 find?
Hungry people are more sensitive to
food-related words than stomach-full
people.
2. Why was there a delay on the day of
the experiment?
Because Radel wanted to create two
groups of testees, hungry and non-
hungry.
3. What does the writer want to tell us?
Human brains can really be at the
disposal of our motives and needs.
R
4. What did the results of the experiment
 812 regroup
indicate?80 words flashed on the screen
too fast for the participant
intentionally perceive.
5. What can we infer from the passage?
Humans can perceive what they need
without involving high-level thinking
processes.
完形
B12  Free Statins With Fast Food
Could Neutralize Heart Risk
     Fast food outlets could provide statin
drugs free of charge  so that customers
can reduce the heart disease dangers of
fatty food, researchers at
College London suggest in a
study．
     Statins reduce the amount  of
unhealthy“LDL” cholesterol in the
blood. A wealth of trial data has proven
them to be highly effective at lowering a
person’s heart attack risk.
     In a paper published in the American
Journal of Cardiology ， Dr Darrel
Francis and colleagues calculate that the
reduction in heart attack risk offered by a
statin is enough  to offset the increase in
R from   eating   a cheeseburger
heart attack
drinking a milkshake．
     Dr Francis，from the National Heart
to and Lung Institute at Imperial College
London，who is the senior author of the
study, said:“Statins don’t cut out a11 of
the unhealthy  effects of cheeseburgers
and French fries ． It’s better to avoid
fatty food altogether．But we’ve worked
out that in terms of your possibility of
having a heart attack，taking a statin can
reduce your risk to more or less the same
degree  as a fast food meal increases
it.”  
“It’s ironic that people are free to take
as many unhealthy condiments in fast
food outlets as they like , but statins,
Imperial which are beneficial to heart health, have
new to be prescribed. It makes sense to make
risk-reducing statins available just as
easily as the unhealthy condiments that
are provided free of charge. It would
cost less than 5 pence per customer ---
not much different to a sachet of sugar.”
Dr Francis said．
   When people engage in risky
behaviours like driving or smoking,
they’re encouraged to take measures that
lower their risk, 1ike wearing a seatbelt
or choosing cigarettes with filters.
risk
and
Taking a statin is a rational way of
lowering some of the risks of eating a
fatty meal．
 regroup 813

The Millau Bridge was opened in

C3 Giant Structures 2004 in the Tarn Valley ， in southern
France. At the time it was built ，it was
It is an impossible task to select the the world’s highest
most amazing wonders of the modem bridge, reaching over 340m at the
world since every year more wonderful highest point. The bridge is described as
constructions appear. Here are three giant one of the most amazingly beautiful
structures which are worthy of our bridges in the world. It was built
admiration although they may have to relieve Millau's congestion problems.
been surpassed by some more recent The congestion was then caused by
wonders. traffic passing from Paris to Barcelona in
The Petronas Twin Towers Spain. The bridge was built to withstand
　 　 The Petronas Towers were the the most extreme seismic and climatic
tallest buildings in the world when they conditions. Besides, it is guaranteed for
were completed in 1999. With a height 120 years!
of 452 metres, the tall twin towers, like
two thin pencils, dominate the city of The Itaipu Dam
Kuala Lumpur. At the 41st floor, the
towers are linked by a bridge, The Itaipu hydroelectric power
symbolizing a gateway to the city. The plant is one of the largest constructions
American architect Cesar Pelli designed of its kind in the world. It consists of a
the skyscrapers. series of dams across the River Parana,
　 　 Constructed of high-strength which forms a natural border between
concrete, the building provides around Brazil and Paraguay. Started in 1975 and
1，800 square metres of office space on taking 16 years to complete, the
every floor. And it has a shopping centre construction was carried out as a joint
and a concert hall at the base. project between the two countries. The
Other features of this impressive dam is well-known for both its electricity
building include double-decker lifts, and
glass and steel sunshades.
output and its size. In 1995 it produced
78% of Paraguay’s and 25% of
R
The Millau Bridge Brazil’s energy needs. In its
 814 regroup
construction, the amount of iron and
steel used was equivalent to over 300
Eiffel Towers. It is a truly amazing
wonder of engineering.
C8 Why India Needs Its Dying
Vultures
The vultures in question may
look ugly and threatening, but the
sudden sharp decline in three species of
India’s vultures is producing alarm
rather than celebration, and it presents
the world with a new kind
environmental problem The dramatic
decline in vulture numbers is causing
widespread disruption to people living in
the same areas as the birds. It is also
causing serious public health problems
across the Indian sub-continent.
　 　 While their reputation
appearance may be unpleasant to many
Indians ， vultures have long played a
very important role in keeping towns
and villages all over India clean. It is
because they feed on dead cows. In
India, cows are sacred animals and are
traditionally left in the open when they
R every year.
die in their thousands upon thousands
　 　 The disappearance of the vultures
has led to an explosion in the numbers
of wild dogs feeding on the remains of
these dead animals. There are fears that
rabies may increase as a result. And this
terrifying disease may ultimately affect
humans in the region, since wild dogs
are its main carriers. Rabies could also
spread to other animal species, causing
an even greater problem in the future.
　　The need for action is urgent, so an
emergency project has been launched to
find a solution to this serious vulture
problem. Scientists are trying to identify
of the disease causing the birds ， deaths
and, if possible, develop a cure.
　 　 Large-scale vulture deaths were
first noticed at the end of the 1980s in
India. A population survey at that time
showed that the three species of vultures
had declined by over 90 per cent. All
and three species are now listed as “critically
endangered”. As most vultures lay only
single eggs and take about five years to
reach maturity, reversing their
population decline will be a long and
difficult exercise.
备用阅读
Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles
The Ford motor

1.What have the Ford motor company,
General Motor’s and Honda done
concerning electric cars? They have
given up producing electric cars.
2.According to Tim Holmes of Ford
Europe, battery-powered cars. Will not be
the main transportation vehicles in the
future
3.Which auto manufactures are still
producing electric vehicles? Toyota and
Nissan.
4.According to the eighth paragraph, hybrid 1.Ecologists turn to non-scientist citizens
cars. run more miles than petrol driven cars for help because they need them to
5.Which of the following is true about the
hope of car manufacturers according to the things.
last paragraph? The legislation will allow
more low-emission to produced.
World Crude Oil Production May
Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some
Predict
In a finding
1 ） Which of the following is closest in
meaning to the word "sparked" appearing
in paragraph 2? stimulated
2 ） The term "a bell shaped curve"
appearing in paragraph 2 indicates
that global oil production will start to
decline after global oil production
peaks.
3 ） Which of the following is NOT
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true of the Hubbert model? It provides
a very realistic and accurate oil
production.
4）What is the major achievement of
the new study mentioned in the last
paragraph? It predicts global oil
production will peak in 2014..
5）Who develop the new version of the
Hubbert mode!? Kuwaiti scientists.
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature
collect data of the life cycle of living
2.What are citizen scientists asked to do?
To send their research observations to a
professional database
3.In "All that's needed to become
one ... (paragraph2)", what does the
word "one" stands for? a citizen
scientist.
4.What is NOT true of Project
BudBurst?Only experts can participate in
it.
5.What is the final purpose of Project
BudBurst? To investigate how plants and
animals will respond as the climate
changes. Motoring Technology
1.2 million road deaths
R
1 、 What are researchers interested in
 816 regroup
doing as the road accidents worldwide
increase to a shocking rate? They focus
their research on safety and new fuels.
2According to the second paragraph,
most road accidents happen because
drivers make mistakes.
3.Which of the safety developments is
NOT mentioned in the passage?
Windscreens that can help drivers to
improve their vision.
4.What is NOT the purpose of
innovations that use satellite tracking and
remote communications? To call for help
when the car gets jammed in the traffic.
5.What is true of robotic drivers? It will
take some time before robotic drivers can
be put to practical use.
Late-night Drinking
Coffee loves beware
1.The author mentions “pick-me-up” to
indicate that coffee is a stimulant.
2.Which of the following tells us how
caffeine affects sleep? Caffeine halves
the body’s levels of sleep hormone.
3.What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?
Different effects of caffeinated coffee
and decaf on sleep.
4.What does the experiment mentioned
R produce less sleep hormone.
in paragraph 4 prove? Caffeine drinkers
5.The author of this passage probably
agrees that. we should not drink coffee
after supper.
Making Light of Sleep
All we have
1. The clock located inside our brains is
similar to our beside alarm clock because
it has a cycle of 24 hours
2.What is implied in the second
paragraph? Children before puberty tend
to fall asleep earlier at night than
adolescents.
3.In the third paragraph the author wants
to tell the reader that staying up late has
a bad effect on teenager’s ability to think
and learn.
4. Which of the following statements is
NOT true according to the fourth and
fifth paragraphs? Our internal clock as
well as the alarm clock can be reset
automatically.
5. A ccording to the last two paragraphs,
what did the previous researchers think
about the human eye’s light-sensing
system? The human eye had one light-
sensing system.
Sugar Power for Cell Phones
Using enzymes commonly
1.According to the first paragraph, when
can we share our sweet drinks with our
cell phones? When the technology of a

new type of fuel cell is suitable for mass
production.
2.What trouble did Minteer and
Klotzbach have in their research? They
had trouble keeping enzymes in fuel cells
active.
3.According to Paragraph 5, electrons
are released When the enzyme oxidizes
the glucose from a sugary liquid that
goes through a pocket.
4.What is exciting about the new fuel
cells? Their limited power generation
capacity is a good beginning.
5.According to the last paragraph, what
is NOT true of the new fuel cells? It will
take some time before the new fuel cells
can be used in popular products.
Eiffel Is an Eyeful
Some 300 meters
1.Why does the author think the Eiffel
Tower is transformed into symbol of a
world on the move? Tourists of all
nationalities come to scribble on the
cold iron of the tower.
2.What seems strange to the author?
Visitors prefer wasting time scribbling
to enjoying the view.
3.Which statements is NOT true of
Hugues Richard? He climbed 747 steps
up the tower in 19 minutes and 4
seconds.
regroup 817
4.What did the builder use the Eiffel
Tower for? Conducting research in
various fields.
5.Which of the following is nearest in
meaning to “(The Eiffel Tower is like) a
blank canvas for visitors to make of it
what they will”? Visitors can imagine
freely what the tower represents.
Egypt Felled by Famine
Even ancient Egypt’s
1)Why does the author mention
“pyramid builders”? Because even they
were unable to rescue their civilization.
2)Which of the following factors was
ultimately responsible for the fall of
the civilization of ancient Egypt?
Change of climate.
3. Which of the following statements is
true? The White Nile and the Blue Nile
are branches of the River Nile.
4.According to Krom, Egypt’s Old
Kingdom fell )immediately after a period
of drought.
5.The word “devastating” in the last
paragraph could be best replaced by
“damaging”.
Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their
Brothers
Young female chimps
1 、 Why do young female chimps learn
R
faster than young male chimps at fishing
 818 regroup
for termites? Because young female
chimps begin to study their mothers
earlier.
2.What are the tools with which chimps
fish for termites. Vegetation.
3.Which of the following is true about
chimps fishing for termites according to
paragraph 6? Females could get out more
termites with every dip.
4.How did the researchers explain the
fact that boy chimps spent more time on
playing? It will make them good fighters
and hunters in the future.
5.According to the last paragraph, which
of the following is NOT true? Adult
chimps hunt monkeys while young
chimps fish for termites.
Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass
In January,2003
1.Which of the following statements is
not meant in the first two paragraphs?
The temperature in the United States
except the South dropped below the
freezing mark.
2.According to the second paragraph,
in which area (s) did the temperature
fall below zero? Parts of interior South
Florida.
R 3.King’s statement that “We brought
shorts, T-shirt, and I had to go out and
buy another coat,” shows that He was
caught by the sudden cold.
4.Governor Jeb issue the emergency
order because he Wanted to encourage
trucks to transport as much fruit to
market as possible.
5.Which statement is NOT true
according to the last paragraph?Florida
Citrus Mutual sprayed trees with
sprinklers for citrus growers.
Invisibility Ring
Scientists can’t yet
1 ． Harry Potter is mentioned in the
passage, because scientists Try to
invent a device similar in idea to the
invisible cloak he uses.
2.What is true of microwaves? Their
wavelengths are longer than those of
visible light.
3.What is NOT true of the invisibility
device? Microwaves bounce off it
when they strike it.
4.What does the word "coaster" mean
in the passage? A disk or plate placed
under a drinking glass to protect a
table top.
5.Harry Potter's invisibility cloak
doesn't have any real competition yet,
because The cloaking device works
only for microwaves.
Japanese Car Keeps Watch for
Drunk Drivers

A concept car
1.Which of the following statements is
NOT true of the Japanese concept car? It
has sensors locked up in the ignition
system.
2.What has Volvo developed? A 1.According to the passage. Mount
breathalyzer attached to a car's seat belt.
3.What is the function of the camera
mentioned in Paragraph 4? It monitors
the driver's eyes to see if he needs a rest.
4.According to Doi, Nissan aims to
improve the detection technology to
reduce the fatality rate.
5.Which of the following is NOT
mentioned in Paragraph 6? The car will
automatically keep to its lane.
Winged Robot Learns to Fly
Learning how to
1.Which of the following is NOT true of
what is mentioned about the winged
robot in the second paragraph? The two
professors of CUT programmed the data
on how the robot flapped its wings.
2.How did the robot behave at the
beginning of the test? It twitched but
gradually gained height.
3.Which of the following is nearest to
Peter Bentley’s view on the winged
robot? The winged robot could never
really fly.
4.What measured how much lift the
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robot produced? A movement detector.
5.What does “the process” appearing in
the last paragraph refer to? All the above.
Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth
In what resembles
Unzen erupted in 1991.
2.According to the passage, the study of
the Mount Unzen volcano may benefit
Japan in all the following aspects
EXCEPT predicting volcano eruptions.
3.Why is this research project so
important to Japan? Because Japan has
many living volcanoes.
4.The drilling site on Mount Unzen is
about half way up the mountain.
5.The title of this passage Japanese
Drilling into Core of Earth actually
means that they drill a hole into the
core of a volcano.
A Sunshade for the Planet
Even with the
1.According to the first two
paragraphs, the author thinks that
despite the difficulty, scientists have
some options to prevent global
warming.
2.Scientists resist talking about their
options because they don't want
people to think the problem has been
R
solved.
 820 regroup

3.What does Stephen Schneider say go up.

about a heroin addict and methadone?
Methadone is
an effective way to treat a hard heroin
addict.
4.What is Stephen Schneider's idea of
preventing global warming? To apply
sunscreen to the Earth.
5.What is NOT true of the effectiveness
of "sunscreen", according to the last
paragraph? It decreases greenhouse gases
in the atmosphere.
Thirst for Oil
Worldwide every day
1."... we will need to cure our
addiction to oil. " Why does the author
say so? Oil supply is decreasing.
2.Which of the following statements is
NOT meant by the author, according
to the second paragraph? Coal is the
most environmentally unfriendly fuel
next to oil.
3.Which country is the biggest
consumer of petroleum? The United
States.
4.What do experts say about the
earth's fuel reserves? There will soon
be an energy crisis,
Explorer of the Extreme Deep
Oceans cover more
1.What is Alvin? A submersible.
2.Which of the following statements is
NOT a fact about Alvin? It can carry
explorers as deep as 6,500 meters.
3."... a world that is still full of
mysteries" refers to The ocean.
4.In what aspects are the new HOV
and :Alvin similar'? Shape.
5.In what aspects are the new HOV and
Alvin different? Both A and B.
Plant Gas
Scientists have been
1.What was scientists' understanding of
methane? It was produced in oxygen-free
environments.
2.To test whether plants are a source of
methane, the scientists created An
environment with the same concentration
of oxygen as the Earth has.
3.Which statement is true of the methane
emissions of plants in the experiment!
The higher the temperature, the greater
the amount of methane emissions.
4.which of the following about methane

R 5.What is NOT the result

consuming fossil fuels according to
of is Not mentioned in the passage?
Microbes in plants produce methane.
the last paragraph? The sea level will 5.What is the beneficial point of some

microbes consuming plant-produced
methane? Less methane reaches the
atmosphere.
Snowflakes
You’ve probably
1,What does Professor Libbrecht believe
to be true? No two snowflakes are
exactly the same in shape.
2.What do the simplest snow crystals
look like? They are six-sided.
3.What are the factors that affect the
shape and growth rate of a snow crystal?
Humidity and temperature.
4.It can be felt from the description in
nd
the 2 paragraph that the author Admires
the beauty of the snowflakes.
5.Libbrecht is not able to Create
snowflakes that are exactly alike.
Powering a City? It's a Breeze
The graceful wooden
1.What are the symbols of Netherlands
according to the first paragraph?
Wooden shoes and wooden windmills.
2.Which statement best describes the
urban turbine mentioned in the second
paragraph? It is a high-tech machine
designed to generate energy for urban
people.
3.The smallest models of an urban
turbine can be carried up to the rooftop
regroup 821
without a crane.
4.Netherlands leads in the urban turbine
technology because The Netherlands is a
small country with a large population.
5.According to the last paragraph, what
are the advantages of wind power
technology? Both A and C
Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming
Catastrophe
Coal burning deep
1According to the first paragraph, one of
the warnings given by the scientists is
that poisonous elements released by the
underground fires can pollute water
sources.
2.According to the third paragraph, what
will happen when the underground heat
does not disappear? Coal heats up on its
own and catches fire and burns.
3.What did Stracher analyze in his article
published in the International Journal of
Coal Ecology? Coal fires can have an
impact on the environment.
4.Which of the following statements
about Paul Van Dijk is NOT true? He has
detected and monitored underground
fires in the Netherlands.
5.According to the fifth paragraph, what
R
is the suggested method to control
 822 regroup
underground fires? Cutting off the
oxygen supply
Eat to Live
A meager diet
1.According to the passage, which of the
following is NOT true? We have to begin
dieting since from childhood.
2.Why does the author mention an
elderly mouse in paragraph 2? To
illustrate the effect of meager food on
mice.
3.What can be inferred about completely
normally fed mice mentioned in the
passage? They are more likely to suffer
from inflammation.
4.According to the author, which of the
following most interested
researchers? The mice that started
dieting in old age.
5.According to the last two paragraphs,
Spindler believes that Dieting is not a
go0d method to give us health and a long
life.
Male and Female Pilots Cause
Accidents Differently
R Male pilots flying
1.What is the research at Johns Hopkins
University about? Gender difference in
relation to types of aircraft crashes.
2.Which of the statements is NOT true
according to the second paragraph? Only
mature pilots are studied to determine the
gender differences in the reasons for
aircraft crash.
3.How did the researchers carry out their
study? They studied the findings of
several previous research projects.
4.What is the most common
circumstance of crash with female
pilots? Loss of control on landing or
takeoff and stalling.
5.In the comparison of female and male
pilots. male pilots are found to make
more errors in decision-making.
the Driven to Distraction
Joe Coyne slides
1.Which statement is true of the
description in the first two paragraphs?
Coyne is not really driving so it is
impossible for him to have hit the
woman.
2.What do researchers want to find out,
according to the third and fourth
paragraphs? All of the above.
3. What are the preliminary results given
in the fifth paragraph? In challenging
driving situations, drivers do not have

any additional mental energy to deal with
something else.
4.The sixth paragraph mainly state that
the researchers. Want to determine the
best ways of giving navigational
information system.
5.What kind of directions do men and
women prefer? Men prefer more general
directions and women prefer route
direction.
Sleep Lets Brain File Memories
To sleep. Perchance
1.Which of the following statements is
nearest in meaning to the sentence “To
sleep. Perchance to file?”? Does brain
arrange memories in useful order during
sleep?
2.What is the result of the experiment
with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers
University? Somatosensory neocortex
and hippocampus work together tin
memory consolidation
3.What is the relation of memory to
glucose tolerance, as is indicated by a
research mentioned in paragraph 4? The
poorer the memory, the poorer glucose
tolerance.
4.In what way is memory related to
hippocampus shrinkage? The more
hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one’s
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memory.
5.According to the last paragraph, what
is the ultimate reason for going to the
gym? To control glucose levels.
Food Fright
Experiments under way
1.Paragraphs 1, 2 & 3 tries to give the
idea that GM foods may bring about
great benefits to humans.
2.Why is the case of the pollen-sprayed
milkweed cited in Paragraph 6? It is
cited to show GM foods also have a dark
side.
3.What happens to those insects when
not killed by the spray of insecticide?
They may have a higher ability to adapt
to the environment.
4.Which of the following statements
concerning banning GM foods is true
according to the passage? The United
States has not banned GM foods.
5.What is the writer’s attitude to GM
foods? We cannot tell from the passage
Digital Realm
In the digital
1.The techniques of voice recognition are
in its initial stage of development.
2.According to the second paragraph,
when we reach the stage of artificial
intelligence, machines can be our agents
R
as they understand our thoughts
 824 regroup
3.What’s the best description of Gordon
Moore’s law as mentioned in the third
paragraph? It motivates the development
of the digital world.
4.What can people do in a future scene
as described in the fourth paragraph? All
of the above.
5.Which of the following statements is
true of a personalized market? In a
personalized market, products are
tailored to each consumer.
Hurricane Katrina
A hurricane is
1.What is the eye of a hurricane? A
calm central region of low pressure
between 12 to 60 miles in diameter.
2.Which of the following is NOT the
“requirements” mentioned in the second
paragraph? The tropical waters are warm
and calm.
3.Which of the following is the best
explanation of the word “drive” in the
third paragraph? To supply the motive
force or power and cause to function
4What does the warm air mentioned in
the fourth paragraph produce when it is
rising from the sea surface? Low
pressure.
R according to the last paragraph? The
5.What is NOT true of Hurricane Katrina
humanitarian crisis is as serious as that
of the great depression
Mind-reading Machine
A team of
1.What is responsible for processing the
information sent by your eyes? Neurons
in the brain.
2.Which of the following statements is
NOT meant by the writer? fMRI helps
scientists to discover how the brain
develops intelligently.
3."Highlighting the areas of the brain at
work" means"marking the parts of the
brain that are processing information"
4.What did the researchers experiment
on? Two volunteers.
5.Which of the following can be the best
replacement of the title? Your Thoughts
Can Be Scanned.
Experts Call for Local and Regional
Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste
The withdrawal of
1Which of the following words can best
substitute the word “withdrawal" in the
first paragraph? Canceling.
2According to Rodney Ewing and Frand
von Hippel, where to locate nuclear
facilities should be approved by local
people and states.
3What is NOT true about the 1987
decision by Congress concerning
siting of nuclear waste disposal? The

decision by Congress was accepted by
local communities.
4What does the author of the essay in the
fourth paragraph want to say? Efforts
should be made to develop nuclear
disposal sites to suit the circumstances of
the region.
5What is meant by "regional approach"
as mentioned in the last paragraph?
Waste disposal sites are located close to
reactors and in places suitable for the
regional circumstances.
Batteries built by viruses
What do chicken
1 ） According to the first paragraph,
people try to stay away from viruses
because they are causes of various
diseases.
2 ） What is Belcher's team doing at
present? It is making batteries with
viruses.
3 ） What expression below is
opposite in meaning to the word
"shrink" appearing in paragraph 5?
Expand.
4） Which of the following is true of
Belcher's battery mentioned in
paragraph 6? It is a metallic disk with
viruses inside it.
5） How tiny is one battery part? Its
width is one tenth of a hai
regroup 825
Putting Plants to work
Using the power
1.What does the writer say about plants
concerning solar energy? Plants have
been using solar energy for billions of
years.
2.Why do some scientists study how
plants convert sunlight carbon dioxide,
and water into sugars and starches?
Because they want green plants to
become a new source of energy.
3.According to the fifth paragraph, under
what conditions are algae able to use
solar energy to make hydrogen? When
there is no oxygen in the air.
4.Researchers have met with difficulties
when trying to make algae produce
hydrogen efficiently. Which one of the
following is one such difficulty？It is too
slow for algae to produce hydrogen when
the sulfate is removed
5.What is NOT true of algae? They are
cheap to eat.
Listening Device Provides Landslide
Early Warning
A device that
1.What does "Such natural disasters" in
the first paragraph refer to? Landslides
R
2.Which of the following statements is
 826 regroup

true of landslides? All of the above. tissue’s lower exposure to alcohol

3.Why do researchers develop a new Reduces the risk of laryngeal cancer.
device to monitor signs of landsides?
Because the common methods can cause “Life Form Found” on Saturn’s
false alarms. Titan（理 B）
4.Which of the following statements is Scientists say they
NOT true of the device, according to 1 ） What have scientists found about
Paragraph 4? It is filled in with gravel. Saturn? They have found methane-based
5.According to the context, what does life on Titan
the word "positives" in the fifth 2） What do scientists say about Titan?
paragraph mean? Evidences There are life clues there.
3）To date,scientists have not yet detected
"Don't Drink Alone" Gets New this form of life.(paragraph 5)What
Meaning does"this form of life” refer to Methane-
In what may based life.
1.Researchers have found that the risk of 4 ） What can be inferred from what Allen
cancer in the mouth and neck is higher said? Scientists have different arguments
with people Who drink alcohol outside over whether there is life on Titan.
of meals. 5 ） Which of the following can replace
2Which of the following is NOT the the title of this passage? A different Life
conclusion made by the researchers Form, a Possibility
about “drinking with meals”? It increases
by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in Clone Farm
all sites. Factory farming could
3Approximately how many drinks do the 1Which statement is the best description
lowest-intake group average per day? 3 of the new era of factory farming
drinks. according to the first paragraph ?
4Which cancer risk is the lowest among Cloned chickens are bulk-produced with

R the passage? Laryngeal cancer.

all the four kinds of cancer mentioned in the same growth rate, weight and taste
2Which institution has offered $4.7
5. According to the last paragraph, million to fund the research? The US’s

National Institute of Science and
Technology.
3.In the third paragraph, by saying
“Producers would like the same meat
quantity but to use reduced inputs to get
there.” Mike Fitzgerald means that he
wishes chickens could grow to the same
weight but with less feed.
4.Which of the following statements
about Origen and Embrex is correct
according to the fifth paragraph? Origen
has joined hands with Embrex in
producing cell-injecting machines.
5.The technology of freezing stem cells
from different strains of chicken can do
all the following EXCEPT that farmers
can order certain strains of chicken only.
备用完型
C1 Captain Cook Arrow Legend
It was a great legend while it lasted,
but DNA testing has finally ended a
two-century-old story of the Hawaiian
arrow carved from the bone of British
explorer Captain James Cook who died
1
in the Sandwich Islands in 1779.
2
“There is no Cook in the
Australian Museum,” museum collection
manager Jude Philip said not long ago in
announcing the DNA evidence that the
arrow was not made of Cook’s bone. But
regroup 827
that will not stop the museum from
continuing to display the arrow in its
exhibition, “Uncovered: Treasures of
the Australian Museum3,” which does
include a feather cape presented to Cook
by Hawaiian King Kalani’opu’u in 1778.
Cook was one of Britain’s great
explorers and is credited with
discovering the “Great South Land,”
now Australia, in 1770. He was clubbed
to death in the Sandwich Islands, now
Hawaii.
The legend of Cook’s arrow began
in 1824 when Hawaiian King
Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the
arrow to William Adams, a London
surgeon and relative of Cook’s wife,
saying it was made of Cook’s bone after
the fatal fight with islanders.
In the 1890s the arrow was given to
the Australian Museum and the legend
continued until it came face-to-face with
science.
DNA testing by laboratories in
Australia and New Zealand revealed the
arrow was not made of Cook’s bone but
was more likely made of animal bone,
said Philp.
However, Cook’s fans refuse to
give up hope that one Cook legend will
R
prove true and that part of his remains
 828 regroup

will still be uncovered, as they say there avalanches have the greatest incidence
is evidence not all of Cook’s body was when the snow’s angle of rest is between
buried at sea in 1779. “On this occasion 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the
technology has won,4” said Cliff angle at which the human incidence of
Thornton, president of the Captain Cook avalanches is greatest, is 38 degree. The
Society, in a statement from Britain. rule of thumb is : A slope that is flat
“But I am sure that one of these days… enough to hold snow but steep enough to
one of the Cook legends will prove to be ski has the potential to generate an
true and it will happen one day.” avalanche, regardless of the angle.
Additionally, avalanche risk increases
C2 Avalanche and Its Safety with use ; that is, the more a slope is
An avalanche is a sudden and rapid disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is
flow of snow, often mixed with air and that an avalanche will occur.
water, down a mountainside. Avalanches Due to the complexity of the
are among the biggest dangers in the subject, winter traveling in the
mountains for both life and property. backcountry is never 100% safe. Good
All avalanches are caused by an avalanche safety is a continuous process,
over-burden of material, typically including route selection and
snowpack, that is too massive and examination of the snowpack, weather
unstable for the slope that supports it. conditions, and human factors. Several
Determining the critical load, the amount well-known good habits can also reduce
of over-burden which is likely to cause the risk. If local authorities issue
an avalanche, is a complex task avalanche risk reports, they should be
involving the evaluation of a number of considered and all warnings should be
factors. paid attention to. Never follow in the
Terrain slopes flatter than 25 tracks of others without your own
degrees or steeper than 60 degrees evaluations; snow conditions are almost
typically have a low risk of avalanche. certain to have changed since they were

Rsteep slopes; also, snow does not flow

Snow does not gather significantly on made. Observe the terrain and note
obvious avalanche paths where plants are
easily on flat slopes. Human-triggered missing or damaged. Avoid traveling

below others who might trigger an
avalanche.
C4 Animal’s “Sixth Sense”
A tsunami was triggered by an
earthquake in the Indian Ocean in
December, 2004. It killed tens of
thousands of people in Asia and East
Africa. Wild animals, however , seem to
have escaped that terrible tsunami. This
phenomenon adds weight to notions that
I they possess a “sixth sense” for
disasters , experts said.
Sri Lankan wildlife officials have
said the giant waves that killed over
24,000 people along the Indian Ocean
island’s coast clearly missed wild beasts,
with no dead animals found.
“No elephants are dead, not even a
dead rabbit. I think animals can sense
disaster. They have a sixth sense. They
know when things are happening.” H.D.
Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri
Lanka’s Wildlife Department, said about
one month after the tsunami attack. The
waves washed floodwaters up to 2 miles
inland at Yala National Park in the
ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka’s biggest
wildlife reserve and home to hundreds
of wild elephants and several leopards.
“There has been a lot of apparent
regroup 829
evidence about dogs barking or birds
migrating before volcanic eruptions or
earthquakes. But it has not been
proven,” said Matthew van Lierop an
animal behavior specialist at
Johannesburg Zoo.
“There have been no specific
studies because you can’t really test it in
a lab or field setting 2,” he told Reuters.
Other authorities concurred with this
assessment .
“Wildlife seem to be able to pick up
certain phenomenon, especially birds…
there are many reports of birds detecting
impending disasters,” said Clive Walker,
who has written several books on
African wildlife.
Animals certainly rely on the
known senses such as smell or hearing
to avoid danger such as predators.
The notion of an animal “sixth
sense”-or some other mythical power-is
an enduring one3 which the evidence on
Sri Lanka’s ravaged coast is likely to
add to.
The Romans saw owls as omens of
impending disaster and many ancient
cultures viewed elephants as sacred
animals endowed with special powers or
attributes.
R
 830 regroup
C5 Singing Alarms Could Save the
Blind
If you cannot see, you may not be
1
able to find your way out of a burning
building—and that could be fatal. A
2
company in Leeds could change all that
with directional sound alarms capable of
guiding you to the exit.
Sound Alert, a company run by the
University of Leeds, is installing the
alarms in a residential home for blind
people in Sommerset and a resource
center for the blind in Cumbria. The
alarms produce a wide range of
frequencies that enable the brain to
determine where the sound is coming
from.
Deborah Withington of Sound Alert
says that the alarms use most of the
frequencies that can be heard by
humans. “It is a burst of white noise that
people say sounds like static on the
radio,” she says. “Its life-saving
potential is great.”
She conducted an experiment in
which people were filmed by thermal-
imaging cameras trying to find their way
3
out of a large smoke-filled room. It
R took them nearly four minutes to find
the door without a sound alarm, but
only 15 seconds with one.
Withington studies how the brain
processes sounds at the university. She
says that the source of a wide band of
frequencies can be pinpointed more
easily than the source of a narrow band.
Alarms based on the same concept have
already been installed on emergency
vehicles.
The alarms will also include rising
or falling frequencies to indicate
whether people should go up or down
stairs. They were developed with the aid
of a large grant from British Nuclear
Fuels.
C6 Car Thieves Could Be Stopped
Remotely
Speeding off in a stolen car, the
thief thinks he has got a great catch2. But
he is in a nasty3 surprise. The car is fitted
with a remote immobilizer, and a radio
signal from a control center miles away
will ensure that once the thief switches
the engine off , he will not be able to
start it again.
For now, such devices are only
available for fleets of trucks4 and
specialist vehicles used on construction
sites. But remote immobilization
technology could soon start to trickle

down to ordinary cars,5 and should be
available to ordinary cars in the UK in
two months.
The idea goes like this. A control
box fitted to the car incorporates a
miniature cellphone, a microprocessor
and memory, and a GPS7 satellite
positioning receiver. If the car is stolen,
a coded cellphone signal will tell the
unit to block the vehicle’s engine
management system and prevent the
engine being restarted.
There are even plans
immobilizers that shut down vehicles on
8
the move , though there are fears over
the safety implications of such a system.
9
In the UK, an array of technical
10
fixes is already making life harder for
car thieves. “The pattern of vehicles
crime has changed,” says
Randall of Thatcham , a security
research organization based
11
Berkshire that is funded in part by the
motor insurance industry.
He says it would only take him a
few minutes to teach a novice how to
steal a car using a bare minimum of
12
tools . But only if the car is more than
10 years old.
Modern cars are a far tougher
13
proposition ： , as their
regroup 831
management computer will not allow
them to start unless they receive a
14
unique ID code beamed out by the
ignition key. In the UK, technologies
6
like this have helped achieve a 31 per
cent drop in vehicle-related crime15 since
1997.
But determined criminals are still
managing to find other ways to steal
cars. Often by getting hold of the
owner’s keys in a burglary. In 2000, 12
per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK
for were taken using the owner’s keys
double the previous year’s figure.
Remote-controlled immobilization
system would put a major new obstacle
in the criminal’s way by making such
thefts pointless. A group that includes
Thatcham, the police, insurance
Martyn companies and security technology firms
have developed standards for a system
in that could go on the market sooner than
the customer expects.
C7 An Intelligent Car
Driving needs sharp eyes, keen ears,
quick brain, and coordination between
hands and the brain. Many human
drivers have all these and can control a
R
engine fast-moving car. But how does an
 832 regroup
intelligent car control itself?
There is a virtual drive1 in the smart
1
car. This virtual driver has “eyes,”
“brains,” “hands” and “feet,” too. The
minicameras on each side of the car are
his “eyes,” which observe the road
conditions ahead of it. They watch the
traffic to the car’s left and right. There is
also a highly automatic driving system
in the car. It is the built-in computer,
which is the virtual driver’s “brain.” His
“brain” calculates the speeds of other
moving cars near it and analyzes their
2
positions. Basing on this information , it
chooses the right path for the intelligent
car, and gives instructions to the
“hands” and “feet” to act accordingly. In
this way, the virtual driver controls his
car.
What is the virtual driver’s best
3
advantage ? He reacts quickly. The
minicameras are sending images
continuously to the “brain.” It completes
the processing of the images within 100
milliseconds. However, the world’s best
driver at least needs one second to react.
Besides , when he takes action, he needs
one more second.
R wonderful. He can reduce the accident
The virtual driver is really
rate considerably on expressways. In
this case, can we let him have the wheel 4
at any time and in any place? Experts
warn what we cannot do that 5 just yet6.
His ability to recognize things is still
limited . He can now only drive an
intelligent car on expressways.
C9 Wonder Webs
Spider webs are more than homes,
and they are ingenious traps. And the
world’s best web spinner may be the
Golden Orb Weaver spider. The female
Orb Weaver spins a web of fibers thin
enough to be invisible to insect prêt, yet
tough enough to snare a flying bird
without breaking.
The secret of the web’s strength? A
type of super-resilient silk called
dragline. When the female spider is
ready to weave the web’s spokes and
frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy
thread out through a hollow nozzle in
her belly. Dragline is not sticky, so the
spider can race back and forth along it to
spin the web’s trademark spiral.
Unlike some spiders that weave a
new web every day, a Golden Orb
Weaver reuses her handiwork until it
falls apart, sometimes not for two years 1.
The silky thread is five times stronger

than steel by weight and absorbs the
force of an impact three times better
than Kevlar, a high-strength human-
made material used in bullet-proof
vests. And thanks to its high tensile
strength, or the ability to resist breaking
under the pulling force called tension, a
single strand can stretch up to 40 percent
longer than its original length and snap
back as well as new. No human-made
fiber even comes close .
It is no wonder manufacturers are
clamoring for spider silk. In the
consumer pipeline: high-performance
fabrics for athletes and stockings that
2
never run . Think parachute cords and
suspension bridge cables. A steady
supply of spider silk would be worth
billions of dollars—but how to produce
it? Harvesting silk on spider farms does
not work because the territorial
arthropods have a tendency to devour
their neighbors.
Now, scientists at the
biotechnology company Nexia are
spinning artificial silk modeled after
Golden Orb dragline. The first step:
extract silk-making genes from the
spiders. Next, implant the genes into
goat egg cells. The nanny goats that
grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk
regroup 833
proteins in their milk . “The young goats
pass on the silk-making gene without
any help from us,” says Nexia president
Jeffrey Turner. Nexia is still perfecting
the spinning process, but they hope
artificial spider silk will soon be
snagging customers as fast as the real
thing snags bugs.
C10 Chicken Soup for the Soul ：
Comfort Food Fights Loneliness
   Mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese,
may be bad for your arteries, but
according to a study in Psychological
Science, they’re good for your heart and
emotions ． The study focuses on
“comfort food” and how it makes people
feel．
"For me personally, food has always
played a big role in my family,” says
Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the
University of Buffalo, and lead author on
the study. The study came out of the
research program of his co—author Shira
Gabriel. It has looked at non-human
things that may affect human
emotions ． Some people reduce
loneliness by bonding with their favorite
TV show, building virtual relationships
R
with a pop song singer or looking at
 834 regroup
pictures of loved ones ． Troisi and
Gabriel wondered if comfort food could
have the same effect by making people
think of their nearest and dearest.
In one experiment, in order to make
participants feel lonely, the researchers
had them write for six minutes about a
fight with someone close to
them．Others were given an emotionally
neutral writing assignment. Then, some
people in each group  wrote about the
experience of eating a comfort food and
others wrote about eating a new
food ． Finally, the researchers had
participants complete questions about
their levels of loneliness．
Writing about a fight with a close
person made people feel lonely ． But
people who were generally secure  in
their relationships would feel less lonely
by writing about a comfort food ． "We
have found that comfort foods are
consistently associated with those close
to us．"says Troisi．"Thinking about or
consuming these foods later then serves
as a reminder of those close others ．"In
their essays on comfort food, many
people wrote about the experience of
R eating food with family and friends.
In another experiment, eating 
chicken soup in the lab made people
think more about relationships, but only
if they considered chicken soup to be a
comfort food．This was a question they
had been asked long before the
experiment, along with many other
questions, so they wouldn’t remember it.
Throughout everyone’s daily lives
they experience stress, often associated
with our connections with others," Troisi
says ． "Comfort food Can be an easy
remedy for loneliness． 
C11 Climate Change Poses Major
Risks for Unprepared Cities
A new examination of urban policies has
(1)been carried out recently by Patricia
Romero Lankao ． She is a sociologist
specializing in climate change (2)and
urban development ． She warns that
many of the world’s fast-growing
urban areas ， especially in developing
countries ． will likely suffer from the
impacts of changing climate ．Her work
also concludes that most cities are failing
to (3)reduce emissions of carbon dioxide
and other greenhouse (4)gases ． These
gases are known to affect the
atmosphere ． ” Climate change is a
deeply local issue and poses profound
threats to the growing cities of the
 regroup 835

world,” says Romero Lankao. ”But too disasters ． Many residents in poorer
few cities are developing effective countries live in substandard housing
strategies to (5)protect their residents." (11)without access to reliable drinking
Cities are (6)major sources of water，roads and basic services.
greenhouse gases ． And urban Local governments, (12)therefore,should
populations are likely to be among those take measures to protect their
most severely affected by future climate residents.”Unfortunately ， they tend to
change.Lankao’s findings highlight ways move towards rhetoric(13)rather than
in which city-residents are particularly meaningful responses, Romero Lankao
vulnerable, and suggest policy writes, ” They don’t impose
interventions that could offer immediate construction standards that could reduce
and longer-term (7)benefits． heating and air conditioning needs. They
The locations and dense construction don't emphasize mass transit and reduce
patterns of cities often place their (14)automobile use. In fact, many local
populations at greater risk for natural governments are taking a hands—off
disasters. Potential (8)threats associated approach.” Thus, she urges them to
with climate include storm surges and change their (15)idle policies and to take
prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can strong steps to prevent the harmful
flood coastal areas and prolonged hot effects of climate change on cities.
weather can heat (9)heavily paved cities
more than surrounding areas ． The A14 Sharks Perform a Service for
impacts of such natural events can be Earth’s Waters
more serious in an urban
environment ． For example ， a It is hard to get people to think of
prolonged heat wave can increase sharks as anything but a deadly enemy.
existing levels of air pollution,causing They are thought to attack people
widespread health problems.Poorer frequently. But these fish perform
neighborhoods that may (10)lack basic a   valuable service for earth's waters
facilities such as drinking water or a
dependable network of roads ， are
and for human beings. Yet business and
sport fishing3 are threatening
R
especially vulnerable to natural their existence. Some sharks are at risk
 836 regroup
of disappearing from Earth
Warm weather may influence both
fish and shark activity. Many fish swim
near coastal areas because of their warm
waters. Experts say sharks may follow
the fish into the same areas, where
people also swim. In fact, most sharks do
not purposely charge at or bite humans.
They are thought to mistake a person for
a sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion.
That is why people should not swim in
the ocean when the sun goes down or
comes up. Those are the times when
sharks are looking for food. Experts also
say that bright colors and shiny jewelry
may cause sharks to attack.
A shark has an extremely good
sense of smell4. It can find small
amounts of substances in water, such as
blood, body liquids and
chemicals produced by animals. These
powerful senses help sharks find their
food. Sharks eat fish, any other sharks,
and plants that live in the ocean.
Medical researchers want to learn
more about the shark’s body defense, and
immune systems against disease.
Researchers know that
R They study the shark in hopes of finding
sharks 13recoverquickly from injuries.
a way to fight human disease.
Sharks are important for the
world’s oceans. They eat injured and
diseased fish. Their hunting activities
mean that the numbers of other fish in
ocean waters do not become too great.
This protects the plants and other forms
of life that exist in the oceans. 
A15 “Liquefaction” Key to Much of
Japanese Earthquake Damage
The massive subduction zone1
earthquake in Japan caused a significant
level of soil "liquefaction"2 that has
surprised researchers with its
widespread severity, a new analysis
shows.
"We've seen localized3 examples of
soil liquefaction as extreme as this
before, but the distance and extent of
damage in Japan were unusually severe,"
said Scott Ashford, a professor of
geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon
State University5. "Entire structures were
tilted and sinking into the sediments,"
Ashford said. "The shifts in soil
destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6,
crippling the utilities and infrastructure
these communities need to function. We
saw some places that sank as much as
four feet."

Some degree of soil liquefaction 7 is
common in almost any major earthquake.
It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked
with water, particularly recent sediments
or sand, can lose much of their strength
and flow during an earthquake. This can
allow structures to shift or sink or
collapse.
But most earthquakes are much
shorter than the recent event in Japan,
Ashford said. The length of the Japanese
earthquake, as much as five minutes,
may force researchers to reconsider the
extent of liquefaction damage possibly
8
occurring in situations such as this .
"With such a long-lasting
earthquake, we saw how structures that
might have been okay after 30 seconds
just continued to sink and tilt as the
shaking continued for several more
minutes," he said. "And it was clear that
younger sediments, and especially areas
built on recently filled ground, are much
more vulnerable."
The data provided by analyzing the
Japanese earthquake, researchers said,
should make it possible to improve the
understanding of this soil phenomenon
and better prepare for it in the future.
Ashford said it was critical for the team
to collect the information quickly, before
regroup 837
damage was removed in the recovery
efforts9.
"There's no doubt that we'll learn
things from what happened in Japan10
that11 will help us to reduce risks in other
similar events," Ashford said. "Future
construction in some places may make
more use of techniques known to reduce
liquefaction, such as better compaction
to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing
stone columns."
Ashford pointed out that northern
California have younger soils vulnerable
to liquefaction ---on the coast, near river
deposits or in areas with filled ground.
The "young" sediments, in geologic
terms, may be those deposited within the
past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for
instance, that describes much of
downtown Portland, the Portland
International Airport and other cities.
Anything near a river and old flood
plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon
Department of Transportation has
already concluded that 1,100 bridges in
the state are at risk from an earthquake.
Fewer than 15 percent of them have been
reinforced to prevent collapse. Japan has
suffered tremendous losses in the March
11 earthquake, but Japanese construction
R
standards helped prevent many
 838 regroup

buildings from collapse ---even as they concerned 关心 useful 有用的 fair

tilted and sank into the ground. 公平的 optimistic 乐观的 useful 有
用的 neutral 中 立 critical 批 评
negative 消极，肯定 pessimistic 悲观
阅读理解高频词汇 的 indifferent 漠 不 关 心
but 但 是 yet 然 而 however 然 而 disappointed 失望的
conclude 推断出 in summary 归纳
in short 简而言之 in brief 简而言之
nowadays 现今 now 现在 today 当
今 this day 当今 new 新的 find 发
现 said 说，称 show 显示 Indicate
表明，暗示 suggest 暗示 mean 意
味着 report 报 告 believe 相 信
prove 证实 express 表达 inferred 推
断 imply 暗示 infer 推断 suggest
暗示 learn from 获知 conclude 结论
refers to 指 means 意 思 是
According to 根 据 indicate 表 明
point 观点 attitude 态度 thought 想
法 Idea 思 想 purpose 意 图
Discusses 讨 论 opinion 观 点
Main，mainly 主要的 following 下列
的 passage 文章 paragraph 段落
author’s 作者 statements 陈述 true
正确的 except 除了 mentioned 提到
的 all 所有，全部 every 每个 only
只有，仅仅 just 只，仅仅 must 必
须 always 总是 each 每个 ，各 个
nothing 没有东西 none 没有人 any
任 何 never 从 不 Little 几 乎 没 有
few 几乎没有 can 可以，可能 could
可以，可能 should 应该 may 可以，
可能 might 可以，可能 some 一些
usually 通 常 likely 似 乎 ， 好 像
necessary 必要的 objective 客观的

R most 大多数 all of above 以上都是

答案 both A and B A 和 B 都是答案
positive 积 极 ， 肯 定 praising 表 扬