Lab Report Submission

B.Tech in Electronics and Computers (ECM) , Fall Semester 2021

Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

Registration Number: 20BLC1019

Slot: L1+L2

Faculty Name: Bharathi Sank ar

ECE2002 AEC LAB VIT Chennai

 Contents

Experiment 1 Single Stage Common Emitter

BJT Amplifier
Experiment 2 Single Stage MOSFET Amplifier
Experiment 3 MOSFET Cascade Amplifier
Experiment 4 Cascode Amplifier
Experiment 5 Class-A Power Amplifier
Experiment 6 Class-B Power Amplifier
Experiment 7 Single Tuned Voltage Amplifier
Experiment 8 Cascaded Tuned Amplifier
Experiment 9 Current Mirror(MOSFET)
Experiment 10 RC Phase Shift Oscillator
Experiment 11 Voltage Shunt Feedback
Amplifier
Experiment 12 Series Shunt Amplifier
Experiment 13 Wein Bridge Oscillator(BJT)
Experiment 14 Differential Amplifier(MOSFET)

ECE2002 AEC LAB VIT Chennai

Name-Pugal Ramyaa P Date-15/08/2021
Reg No-20BLC1019

Experiment-1
AIM:

To design a single stage CE amplifier using BJT and to analyze

its frequency response with and without feedback.
Apparatus Required:
• BJT2222,
• Resistors,
• capacitor,
• voltage source,
• connecting wires and
• ground pin.
Software Required:
• LTSpice
DESIGN PARAMETERS:
BJT – 2N2222
DC BIASING
CONDITIONS:
GIVEN:
Vcc = 12V ,
I c= 2mA
VRC= 4.8 V
VRE= 1.2 V
VCE= 6 V

hfe(min)= 100
10IB flows through R1 and 9IB flows through R2.
Design of RE :
RE= VRE/ IE = VRE/ IC = 1.2/ 2m = 0.6K=600 ohm
Design of Rc :
RC= VRC/ IC

= 2.4K ohm

DESIGN SOLUTION:

PROCEDURE:
• Construct the circuit of the amplifier using LTSpice
• Set the AC sweep analysis for bandwidth measurement as
Vin =20mv and run the simulation using AC analysis using
decade sweep type
• Use AC analysis to find the frequency response
characteristics of the amplifier
 • Set the transient analysis for Vin and run the simulation
using transient analysis in sweep type
• Use transient analysis to measure the input and output
waveform
• Repeat the same steps for the amplifier with feedback
• Find the gain and bandwidth of the amplifier with and
without feedback.
Circuit Diagram and Simulation:
Transient analysis for gain measurement
without feedback (with emitter bypass
capacitance=47u):

Simulation Result: -
Vin=10mv
Vout=1.28V
We Know, Gain= Vout /Vin
=>1280/10=128

Bandwidth Circuit and simulation without feedback (with

emitter Bypass Capacitance=47u):

Simulation Result: -
Bandwidth=Frequency(higher)-Frequency(lower)
=>117.30MHz.

Circuit Diagram and Simulation:

Transient analysis for gain measurement
with feedback(without emitter bypass
capacitance):
Simulation Result: -

Vin=10mv
Vout=31.1mV
We Know, Gain= Vout /Vin
=>31.1/10=3.1

Bandwidth Circuit and Simulation with Feedback (without

emitter bypass capacitor):
Simulation result:

Bandwidth=Frequency(higher)-Frequency(lower)
=>91.83MHz
RESULT:
• Gain of the amplifier without emitter bypass
capacitor, with feedback = 3.1
• Bandwidth of the amplifier without emitter bypass
capacitor, with feedback=91.38MHz
• Gain of the amplifier with emitter bypass capacitor,
without feedback (47uF) = 128
• Bandwidth of the amplifier with emitter bypass
capacitor, without feedback(~47uF): 117.30MHz

Inference:
The Gain and Bandwidth of Single stage BJT amplifier
with and without feedback is studied.
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

Date: 16/08/2021
Date : Date
Exp.No: 2
Pugal Ramyaa P
20BLC1019

AIM: To obtain the frequency response of MOSFET amplifier in common source

configuration with given specifications.
Apparatus required:
1. MOSFET-IFT150
2. Capacitors-0.1 μf,10 μF,100μF
3. Resistors-470Kohms,1.5Kohms,220Kohms,100ohms,1Kohm
4. Power supply
5. Breadboard
6. Function Generator
7. Connecting wires.
Software required: LTspice
Procedure:
 In the new schematic draw the given circuit diagram and add the necessary
components
 After constructing the circuit run the circuit.
 Use AC sweep analysis for bandwidth measurement
 Use transient analysis for gain calculation
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

DESIGN:
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

DESIGN OF CAPACITORS:

FREQUENCY RESPONSE
Circuit diagram
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

OUTPUT:

Bandwidth=Higher frequency-Lower frequency

=132.24Khz-4.97hz
=132.23Khz
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

GAIN CALCULATION
Circuit diagram:

OUTPUT:

Vin=1V Vout=5.32 V
Gain=Vout/Vin
= 5.32/1
=5.32
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

RESULT:
The Bandwidth was found to be 132.23KHz and the Gain was found to be 5.32 after doing
the Analysis for the given Mosfet amplifier circuit in common source configuration.
EXPERIMENT –3
MOSFET CASCADE AMPLIFIER
PUGAL RAMYAA P
20BLC1019
AIM: To stimulate the amplification of the signal in two stage RC coupled amplifier using LTspice.
TOOLS REQUIRED:
• 2 Voltage sources
• 8 Resistors
• 5 Capacitors
• 2 MOSFET
• Wire connections.
• Ground connection
DESIGN:
K = 50 mA/V2 ,
Vth=2V,
Vdd= 15V,
Rd=470 ohm
Drain current: Vd= Vdd/2 = 15/2 = 7.5 V
Id= Vd/Rd= 7.5/470= 16 mA
Vgs= (Id/K)1/2 + Vth= (16/50)1/2 + 2= 2.565
V Gate Voltage: Vg= (1/3)*Vdd= 15/3= 5V

Vg = Vgs + V3 5 = 2.565 + V3➔V3=2.44 V

Source Resistance: R3= V3/Id = 2.44/ (16*10-3 ) = 152 ohm

➔ 𝑅1+𝑅2 = 15/5 = 3

𝑅2 ➔ 𝑅1 + 1= 3

𝑅2 ➔R1/R2= 2
Therefore, R2=100 ohm and R1= 200 ohm (assumption)

Rin= 𝑅1∗𝑅2 𝑅1+𝑅 2 200∗10 0 = 300 = 66.66

Kohm Frequency, F=20Hz
F= 1/2∗𝑝𝑖∗𝑅∗C
Therefore, C= 1 /2∗3.14∗66.66∗20 = 0.119 µF.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
WITH FEEDBACK:

TRANSIENT ANALYSIS

GAIN=Vout/Vin

=1.11/0.251

Gain =4.456

AC ANALYSIS:
BANDWIDTH: 37.46-13.88

=23.58

WITHOUT FEEDBACK:

TRANSIENT ANALYSIS:
GAIN=Vout/Vin

=1.11/0.2498

Gain =4.443

AC ANALYSIS:

BANDWIDTH=175.90KHz

RESULT:

Gain of the amplifier with bypass capacitor = 4.456

Bandwidth of the amplifier with bypass capacitor = 23.58 KHz

Gain of the amplifier without bypass capacitor = 4.44

Bandwidth of the amplifier without bypass capacitor = 175.90 KHz

Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

Date: 30/08/2021
Date : Date Exp.No: 4
PUGAL RAMYAA P
20BLC1019

CASCADE AMPLIFIER

AIM: To construct the Cascode amplifier circuit by using LTSPICE Software and
verify its Transient response curve and frequency response curve. Also calculate the
bandwidth of the Cascode amplifier.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
LTSpice software
THEORY:
Working principle:
The cascode is a two-stage amplifier that consists of a common-emitter stage feeding
into a common-base stage. The cascode improves input-output isolation (reduces
reverse transmission), as there is no direct coupling from the output to input.
Advantages:
It has advantages for increasing the bandwidth and for high-voltage amplifier
applications. A Cascode Amplifier consists of common emitter stage loaded by the
emitter of a common base stage. A Cascode Amplifier has a high gain, moderately
high input impedance, a high output impedance, and a high bandwidth.
Disadvantages:
The Cascode circuit requires two transistors and requires a relatively high supply
voltage. For the two-FET Cascode, both transistors must be biased with ample VDS in
operation, imposing a lower limit on the supply voltage.
PROCEDURE:
1.Open the LTSPICE and create a new schematic.
2.Click on “Components” and place the required components accordingly.
3.Change the values of the components according to the requirement.
4.Place the ground.
5. Connect all the components by wires.
6. Save the schematic and run it.
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

7.Change the range of the axis.

8.Calculate the gain using transient response and also the bandwidth using frequency
response.

DESIGN:
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

OUTPUT:
Transient analysis:
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

Gain=0.8
AC ANALYSIS:
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

Bandwidth: 19.457Mhz
RESULT:
Cascode amplifier circuit was constructed and Frequency response curve are verified.
The gain of the Cascode amplifier is (Vout/Vin) = 0.8/1 =0.8
The Bandwidth of the Cascode amplifier = Higher cut-off frequency (F2) - Lower cut-
off frequency (F1) = 19.457Mhz
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

Date: 6/09/2021
Date : Date Exp.No: 5
PUGAL RAMYAA P
20BLC1019

MOSFET CLASS A AMPLIFIER

AIM: To construct the MOSFET Class A power amplifier by using LTspice

software and verify its transient response and frequency response.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
LTSpice software
PROCEDURE:
1. Open a new schematic in the LTspice workspace.
2. Construct the circuit as per the circuit diagram. Here for Vin→
Amplitude=100 mV, Frequency = 1KHz).
3. Edit the simulation command to Transient analysis (stop time= 10ms). Check
the values of other components and ground connection. Run the simulation.
4. Obtain the input and output waveform and calculate Gain= Vout/Vin.
5. Next for AC analysis, Vin→ In small signal AC analysis→ AC amplitude=1
and AC phase=0.
6. Edit the simulation command to AC analysis→AC decade and give the
values for start and stop frequency. Run the simulation.
7. Obtain the output waveform. Find fh and fl. Calculate bandwidth= fh-fl.
EFFICIENCY
The efficiency of an amplifier represents the amount of ac power delivered
(transferred) from the dc source. The efficiency of the amplifier is calculated
using, %ɳ=𝑃(𝑎𝑐)𝑃𝑖(𝑑𝑐)×100%-----(1)
MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY
For the class A series-fed amplifier, the maximum efficiency can be determined
using the maximum voltage and current swings. For the voltage swing it is
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

For the current swing it is

The ac power delivered to the load may be expressed using

The maximum power input can be calculated using the dc bias current set to
one-half the maximum value

Since this maximum efficiency will occur only for ideal conditions of both
voltage and current swing, most series-fed circuits will provide efficiencies of
much less than 25%.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

Transient analysis:

Ac analysis:

Output:
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

Gain= Vout/Vin
= 224.484/99.87
Gain = 2.2477
AC ANALYSIS:

Bandwidth: 294.54Khz
RESULT:
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

Gain of the amplifier:2.2247

Bandwidth of the amplifier: 294.54 Khz
INFERENCE:
The circuit was implemented and simulated successfully. Output waveforms
were obtained. Frequency curve was verified.
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

Date: 20/09/2021
Date : Date
Exp.No: 6
PUGAL RAMYAA P
20BLC1019

CLASS B POWER AMPLIFIER

AIM: To construct the class B power amplifier circuit by using LTspice software and verify
its transient response curve and match the theoretical and practical frequency.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
LTSpice software
THEORY:
Working principle:
Class B amplifier is a type of power amplifier where the active device (transistor) conducts
only for one half cycle of the input signal. That means the conduction angle is 1800 for a
Class B amplifier. Since the active device dissipates less power and hence the efficiency is
improved. Theoretical maximum efficiency of Class B power amplifier is 78.5%.
Advantages:
Very low standing bias current. Negligible power consumption without signal. Can be used
for much more powerful outputs the Class A, more efficient than Class A.
Disadvantages:
Creates crossover distortion, supply current changes with signal, stabilized supply may be
needed, More distortion than Class A.
PROCEDURE:
1. Run the LT Spice and create a new schematic
2. Click on ‘Component’ and place the required components
3. Change the values of the components according to the requirement
4. Place the ‘Ground’ button
5. Connect all the components by wires
6. Save the schematic and run it
7. Change the range of the axes
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

OUTPUT:
Transient analysis:

AC ANALYSIS:
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

RESULT:
The Verification of class B power amplifier circuit has been done by using LTspice software
and verify its transient response curve and match the theoretical and practical frequency.
Bandwidth = Higher cutoff frequency – Lower cutoff Frequency = 1.7GHz – 6.34MHz
Bandwidth = 1.69GHz
The maximum Efficiency of Class B power amplifier is 78.5%.
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

Date: 27/09/2021
Date : Date
Exp.No: 7
PUGAL RAMYAA P
20BLC1019

SINGLE TUNED VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER

AIM: To construct the single tuned voltage amplifier circuit using Ltspice software and
verify its transient response curve and match the theoretical and practical resonant frequency.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
LTSpice software
THEORY:
Working principle:
Construction. A simple transistor amplifier circuit consisting of a parallel tuned circuit in its
collector load, makes a single tuned amplifier circuit. The values of capacitance and
inductance of the tuned circuit are selected such that its resonant frequency is equal to the
frequency to be amplified.
Advantages:
The power loss is less due to the lack of collector resistance. Selectivity is high. The voltage
supply of the collector is small due to the lack of Rc
Disadvantages:
The product of gain bandwidth is small.
PROCEDURE:
1. Run the LT Spice and create a new schematic
2. Click on ‘Component’ and place the required components
3. Change the values of the components according to the requirement
4. Place the ‘Ground’ button
5. Connect a voltage source with 12V
6. Set the offset voltage as 0 V
7. Connect a capacitor to the shunt with a specification of 10μ F.
8. Set the ac amplitude value as 1.
9. Calculate the bandwidth
DESIGN:
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

OUTPUT:
Transient analysis:

AC ANALYSIS:
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

RESULT:
The Verification of the single tuned voltage amplifier circuit has been done using Ltspice
software and verifying its transient response curve and match the theoretical and practical
resonant frequency.
Theoretical Resonant Frequency = 455KHz
Practical Resonant Frequency = 406.4KHz
Bandwidth = 823.62KHz {Higher cutoff frequency(F2) - Lower cutoff frequency(F1)}
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

Date: 3/10/2021
Date : Date
Exp.No: 8
PUGAL RAMYAA P
20BLC1019

SINGLE TUNED VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER

AIM: To construct the cascaded tuned amplifier circuit by using LTSPICE Software and verify its
frequency response and measure the practical bandwidth of the design circuit.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
LTSpice software
THEORY:
Working principle:
The signal which has to amplify is a high-frequency signal and it is given to the input of the amplifier.
The primary tuning circuit like L1C1 can be tuned toward the input signal frequency. In this state, the
tuned circuit gives high reactance toward the signal frequency. As a result, huge output becomes
visible at the output of the primary tuned circuit then it is coupled with the secondary tuned circuit
like L2C2 using mutual induction. These circuits are widely used to connect different circuits of TV
and radio receivers.

Advantages:
1.The main advantage of a double-tuned amplifier is an amplifier including a tuned circuit on the
input and the output.

2.It has a narrow bandwidth.

3.One more advantage of this circuit is impedance matching using the previous phase.

4.3db BW is large.

5.It gives a frequency response including flatter sides.

6.When the overall gain is increased then sensitivity will be increased. Here sensitivity is the
capacity of receiving weak signals.

7.Selectivity is improved.

Disadvantages:
1.These are not suitable for amplifying audio frequencies.

2.If the frequency band increases, then this design becomes complex.

3.The design uses tuning elements like capacitors and inductors, then the circuit is costly and bulky.

PROCEDURE:
1.Connect a voltage source with 15V
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

. 2.Set the offset voltage as 0V

. 3.Connect the single tuned amplifier with another single tuned amplifier.

4.Connect a capacitor of 1µF in between the circuit.

5.Set the ac amplitude value as 1.

6.Calculate the bandwidth.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

OUTPUT:
AC ANALYSIS:

RESULT:
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

Cascaded tuned amplifier circuit was constructed, verified the frequency response and evaluated the
bandwidth. Practical Bandwidth = 15.4729KHz – 9.0316KHz = 6.4413KHz
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

Date : Date

'
LAB 9
PUGAL RAMYAA P 20BLC1019
CURRENT MIRROR (MOSFET)

AIM: To construct the MOSFET Current Mirror circuit by using LTSpice software and
verify its Transient Response Curve.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
• LTSPICE Software
• Personal Computer
THEORY:
Working principle:
A current mirror is a circuit designed to copy a current through one active device by
controlling the current in another active device of a circuit, keeping the output current
constant regardless of loading. In a MOSFET Current Mirror Circuit, M1 is in the saturation
region as the VDS ≤ VGS.M2, will also remain in saturation mode as long as the output
voltage is greater than the saturation voltage. Therefore, the input current across the M1 will
control directly the output current of M2. The drain current of M1 is a function of both the
gate to source voltage and the drain to gate voltage. Hence, IREF=IDD.
Advantages:
Low input impedance makes the input current insensitive to the output impedance of the
input source.
• High output impedance makes the output current insensitive to the impedance of the output
load.
• Inversion of sources to sinks or sinks to sources.
Disadvantages:
VGS for M1 will be approximately 1.2V, where VBE won't be more than 0.8V,even with
relatively high mirror currents.
• It is difficult to match MOSFETs to each other for use as mirrors as the Length and width
of both the FETs should be same.
PROCEDURE:
Design the Circuit as mentioned above.
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

• Give the values for Monolithic N-Channel MOSFETs as W=50µ and L=10µ
• Plot the Graph of Transient Response Curve

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
MOSFET Current Mirror circuit was constructed. Its Transient response curve was analyzed
and verified.
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

Date : Date

'
LAB 10
PUGAL RAMYAA P 20BLC1019
RC PHASE SHIFT OSCILLATOR

AIM: : To construct the RC Phase Shift Oscillator circuit by using LTSpice software and
verify its Transient Response Curve and match the Theoretical and Practical Frequency
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
• LTSPICE Software
• Personal Computer
THEORY:
Working principle:
A RC Oscillator which is also known as a Phase-shift Oscillator, produces a sine wave output
signal using regenerative feedback obtained from the resistor-capacitor (RC) network. This
regenerative feedback from the RC network is due to the ability of the capacitor to store an
electric charge. By varying one or more of the resistors or capacitors in the phase-shift
network, the frequency can be varied and generally this is done by keeping the resistors the
same and using a 3-ganged variable capacitor because capacitive reactance changes with a
change in frequency as capacitors are frequency-sensitive components.
Advantages:
Designing is easy with Basic components like Resistors and Capacitors. Most suitable for
generating low frequency signals.
The Output Wave is a distortion free Sinusoidal Signal.
Disadvantages:
The output of this circuit is small because of the smaller feedback.
The frequency stability of this circuit is not good when compared with Wien bridge
oscillator
Procedure:
Design the Circuit as mentioned above
Plot the Graph of Transient Response Curve of the Oscillator.
Calculate the Theoretical and Practical value for Frequency and compare the same.
Design:
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

Determine the Frequency and compare the Theoretical and Practical frequency:
Design RC Phase Shift Oscillator for the following values mentioned below.
VCC =20V, IE=2mA, hfe=100
Transient Response: 10ms
Designing Parameters: VCC : 20V β : 100 IE : 2mA VCE : VCC/2 = 10V VE : VCC/10 =
2V VB : VBE + VE = 2.7V I1 = 10IB
Calculations:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

OUTPUT:
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

RESULT:
RC Phase Shift Oscillator circuit was designed and constructed. Its Transient response curve
was analyzed and the Theoretical and Practical frequency were verified.
Theoretical Frequency = 1.985 kHz
Practical Frequency = 1/t=1/(4.85-4.53)=1/.34 =2.91kHz.
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

Date : Date

'
LAB 11
PUGAL RAMYAA P 20BLC1019
VOLTAGE SHUNT FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER

AIM: : To construct the Voltage Shunt Feedback Amplifier circuit by using LTSpice
software and verify its Transient Response Curve and Frequency Response Curve. Also
calculate the Bandwidth of the CE Amplifier with Feedback and without Feedback.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
• LTSPICE Software
• Personal Computer
THEORY:
Working principle:
RC PHASE SHIFT AMPLIFIER:
An Amplifier is a device with Negative Feedback Response. Negative feedback can reduce
the gain, but it has many advantages, such as gain stabilization, reduction of nonlinear
distortion and noise, control of input and output impedances, and extension of bandwidth.
Because of all these, Its preferred for an Amplifier. In the voltage shunt feedback circuit, a
fraction of the output voltage is applied in parallel with the input voltage through the
feedback network. This is also known as shunt-driven shunt-fed feedback. Since effective
input resistance is small hence input should be a current. Effective output resistance is also
small compare to the resistance of amplifier without feedback hence less voltage will drop at
Resistor and most of the voltage occurs at Load. Hence Output circuit will behave like a
voltage source (Current Controlled VS).
Advantages:
Effective Output and Input Resistance of the
Feedback Amplifier will reduce.
Disadvantages:
The Gain is reduced.
Procedure:
Create a new file in LTSPICE.
• Design the below given circuit diagram with appropriate conditions and requirements.
• Assign the components with appropriate values as mentioned.
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

• Run the circuit with and without feedback.

• Calculate the frequency response in both cases.
• Analyse the graph.
• Calculate bandwidth in both the cases.
Design:
Design voltage Shunt feedback amplifier for the following values mentioned below:
VCC =15V IC =2mA β=0.0004 S=3 VCE=VCC/2 VE=VCC/10
Transient Response: 10 ms
DESIGNING PARAMETERS: VCC: 15V IC: 2mA β: 0.0004 S: 3 VCE: 7.5V VE: 1.5V
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
With feedback:

OUTPUT:
Transient response:
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

Frequency response:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Without feedback:
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

OUTPUT:
Transient response:

Frequency response:
Register No:20BLC1019 Name: Pugal Ramyaa P

OBSERVATION:
Bandwidth of Voltage shunt amplifier(with feedback)
= Higher Cutoff frequency (F2) - Lower cutoff frequency (F1)
= 22.89 MHz - 12.2 KHz
= 22.88 MHz
Bandwidth of Voltage shunt amplifier(without feedback)
= F2 – F1
= 10.53 MHz – 6.53 KHz
= 10.74 MHz
RESULT:
Voltage shunt feedback circuit was constructed and Frequency response curve are verified.
 Pugal Ramyaa P Lab 12
20BLC1019 Series shunt amplifier
AIM: To construct the Series Shunt Amplifier circuit by using LTSpice
software and verify its Transient Response Curve and measure the
Practical Bandwidth using Frequency Response Curve
. APPARATUS REQUIRED:
• LTSPICE Software
• Personal Computer
THEORY:
SERIES SHUNT AMPLIFIER
• Working principle:
An Amplifier is a device with Negative Feedback Response.
• Negative feedback can reduce the gain, but it has many advantages,
such as gain stabilization, reduction of nonlinear distortion and
noise, control of input and output impedances, and extension of
bandwidth. Because of all these, Its preferred for an Amplifier.
• The Series-Shunt Amplifier works as a true voltage amplifier as the
input signal is a voltage and the output signal is also a voltage.
Hence Output circuit will behave like a voltage source
(CurrentControlled VS).
Advantage :
• Output resistance will be decreased for particular feedback
configurations.
• The amplifier’s gain can be stabilized by the negative feedback.
Disadvantage :
• The Gain is reduced.
• Application:
• Series Shunt Amplifier is used in Electronic Amplifiers and in
Regulated Power Supply
. PROCEDURE:
• Design the Circuit as mentioned above
• Plot the Graph of Transient Response Curve and Frequency Response
Curve.
• Calculate the Theoretical and Practical value for Resonant Frequency.
Circuit diagram :

Output:
Transient response:

Frequency response:
BANDWIDTH = Higher frequency – Lower frequency
= 5.7669754MHz – 27.745965Hz
= 5.7669477MHz
Result :- Hence the Series Shunt Amplifier circuit was constructed. It’s
transient response curve was analyzed and practical bandwidth was found
with the frequency response curve. Practical Bandwidth of the Series
Shunt Amplifier is 5.7669477MHz
 Pugal Ramyaa P WEIN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR (BJT)
20BLC1019

AIM: To construct the Wien Bridge Oscillator circuit by using LTSPICE Software and verify its Transient
Response and Practical Frequency.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: • LTSPICE Software • Personal Computer

THEORY: WEIN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR (BJT)

Working Principle: The Wein Bridge Oscillator is so called because the circuit is based on a frequency-
selective form of the Wheatstone bridge circuit. The Wein Bridge Oscillator is a two-stage RC coupled
amplifier circuit that has good stability at its resonant frequency, low distortion and is very easy to tune
making it a popular circuit as an audio frequency oscillator but the phase shift of the output signal is
considerably different from the previous phase shift RC Oscillator. The Wein Bridge Oscillator uses a
feedback circuit consisting of a series RC circuit connected with a parallel RC of the same component
values producing a phase delay or phase advance circuit depending upon the frequency. At the resonant
frequency, the phase shift is 0.

Advantages:

• It produces a very good sine wave with less distortion.

• Due to the absence of inductors, no interference occurs from external magnetic fields.

• Because of the usage of two stage amplifier, the overall gain of this oscillator is high and the frequency
stability is also good.

Disadvantages:

• Very high frequencies cannot be generated.

• More number of components is needed.

Application:

• Wein bridge oscillator is used to find unknown values of components. In most of the cases this
oscillator is used in the audio signals.

PROCEDURE:

• Design the circuit as mentioned above.

• Plot the graph of transient response curve and frequency response curve.

• Calculate the theoretical and practical value for resonant frequency.

CIRCUIT:
OUTPUT: Transient Response of Wein Bridge Oscillator (Output Waveform)

RESULT: Wein Bridge Oscillator circuit was constructed. Its transient response curve was analysed and
practical bandwidth were verified.

Practical Frequency = 240Hz Time period of one cycle = 4.167ms

 P.Pugal Ramyaa DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER (MOSFET)
20BLC1019
AIM: To construct the Differential Amplifier circuit by using LTSPICE Software and verify its Transient
Response curve.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

• LTSPICE Software

• Personal Computer

THEORY:

DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER (MOSFET)

Working Principle: A differential amplifier is a type of electronic amplifier that amplifies the difference
between two input voltages but suppresses any voltage common to the two inputs. That is, if the
voltage at the gate of M1 is higher than the voltage at the gate of M2, VGS1 must also be higher than
VGS2, because both, MOSFETS have the same potential at the source terminal. A higher gate-tosource
voltage means more drain current, but the sum of the drain currents remains the same— thus, ID1
increases and ID2 decreases, and this causes a corresponding decrease in VOUT1 and a corresponding
increase in VOUT2. The final output voltage is defined as VOUT1 – VOUT2.

Advantages:

• They provide immunity to external noise.

• They also reduce the second order harmonics.

• The nature of these amplifiers is linear.

Disadvantages:

• It rejects the common mode signal when operating.

And the circuit is very complex.

Application:

• These circuits are used in automatic gain control circuit, amplitude modulation, negative feedback
circuits and for noise cancellation.

PROCEDURE:

• Design the circuit as mentioned above.

• Plot the graph of Transient Response curve.

CIRCUIT:
OUTPUT: Transient response of Differential Amplifier (Output Waveform)

RESULT: MOSFET Differential Amplifier circuit was constructed. Its Transient Response curve was
analysed and verified.